SPCH 1315: Public Speaking Final Exam Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

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SPCH 1315: public speaking- final exam

study guide correctly answered (6)

*The Communication Process (consists of at least 3 components) - correct answer ✔✔1) A speaker

2. A listener
3. Some means of sharing facts, ideas, reasoning, and information between them Prepare - correct answer ✔✔Choose a topic, audience, goals, arguments, research, organization, and words Perform - correct answer ✔✔Delivery, anxiety, and speaking aids *Ethics (related to ethos) - correct answer ✔✔The principles that govern people's actions, or your habits of relationship to yourself and others (not just about what you think or believe; it is also about what you do) *Seven Principles of Civil Public Speakers - correct answer ✔✔1) Be honest.
4. Be transparent.
5. Be generous.
6. Be balanced.
7. Represent evidence responsibly.
8. Take appropriate risks.
9. Choose engagement. *How to Create an Ethical Speech - correct answer ✔✔1) Respect your audience.
10. Respect your topic.
11. Present other views and treat them fairly.

*Audience Analysis - correct answer ✔✔Thinking about the beliefs, values, experiences, and motivations that characterize your audience (the Who, What, Where, When, Whys of audience interaction) *The Literal Audience: Demographics - correct answer ✔✔The standard categories we use to understand who people are; classifications that can give a rough picture of essential characteristics of the audience (examples: age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, nationality, political commitments, sexual orientation, educational level, occupation, and income) *Types of Rhetorical Audiences - correct answer ✔✔Who the audience can become when you convince them to think about themselves, and your topic, differently

1. Sympathetic Audiences - correct answer ✔✔Already see their interests aligned with yours
2. Apathetic Audiences - correct answer ✔✔Don't care about a topic because they don't know they should care about it
3. Hostile Audiences - correct answer ✔✔Fairly sure that they do know what their interests are, and they are the opposite of what you want to propose
4. Occasional Audiences - correct answer ✔✔Have gathered for a specific purpose *Adapting Your Speech to Your Audience - correct answer ✔✔1) Identify common interests.
5. Make the most of shared experience.
6. Work from common premises.
7. Be directive. Passive Listening - correct answer ✔✔Doesn't actively engage the speaker's ideas and arguments

Active Listening - correct answer ✔✔Seeks the meaning and relevance of what's being said Critical Listening - correct answer ✔✔Evaluating what is said in addition to listening actively for meaning and relevance *The Ethics of Listening - correct answer ✔✔1) Be ready to listen.

2. Visibly pay attention.
3. Eliminate potential distractions for yourself and others.
4. Respect the forum.
5. Practice good turn-taking. *Goals of Informative Speaking (may be one or more of the following) - correct answer ✔✔1) Present new information.
6. Provide new perspectives.
7. Generate positive or negative feelings. *Topics for Informative Speeches - correct answer ✔✔1) Objects
8. Events
9. People
10. Processes
11. Ideas Defining - correct answer ✔✔Involves making a statement of the relevant meaning of a word, phrase, or term Describing - correct answer ✔✔Involves providing a set of vivid and concrete details that characterize an object, event, person, or idea Explaining - correct answer ✔✔Involves making a statement or giving an account that makes a process or complex concept clear.

*Choices That Make Information Effective - correct answer ✔✔1) Keep it simple.

2. Use supporting material wisely.
3. Connect your topic to your audience.
4. Choose effective organization patterns.
5. Choose effective language. *Aristotle's Artistic Proofs - correct answer ✔✔1) Ethos
6. Pathos
7. Logos *Ethos: Why Audiences Should Believe You - correct answer ✔✔The attempt to establish a relationship or trust with your audience and convince the members that you are someone they should listen to (consists of 3 classical dimensions)
8. Good Judgement
9. Excellence
10. Goodwill *Pathos: The Framework of Feelings - correct answer ✔✔The speaker's attempt to put the audience in a frame of mind to accept his or her point of view
11. Appeals to positive emotions include sympathy, nobility, and empowerment.
12. Negative appeals include fear and outrage. *Logos: Who Needs an Argument? - correct answer ✔✔The use of reasoning to persuade an audience
13. Arguments from Examples (Inductive Reasoning) - correct answer ✔✔You draw a conclusion based on examples or instances; you make a claim based on a number of examples.

2. Formal Arguments (Deductive Reasoning) - correct answer ✔✔If X is true, then so is Y; you establish the relationship between the if and then statements and the conclusion you want to draw.
3. Causal Arguments - correct answer ✔✔You try to demonstrate that an event or a situation has a cause and that changing the cause or causes would change the situation.
4. Arguments from Analogy - correct answer ✔✔You compare two things and ask the audience to believe that one of them has the characteristics of the other.
5. Arguments from Signs - correct answer ✔✔You try to show that an event, condition, or characteristic is a sign of some future event.

• correct answer ✔✔6) Arguments from Authority *Occasional Speeches (Ceremonial Speeches) - correct answer ✔✔are considered special not only because they happen only once in a while, but also because much about them depends on the nature of the occasion on which they are given (for example - a wedding, funeral, graduation, awards presentation, etc.).

1. Toast - correct answer ✔✔a short speech, accompanied by the raising of a glass; offered at many occasions, including birthdays, retirements, births, and, most often, weddings Eulogy - correct answer ✔✔a speech given to remember and honor someone who has passed away *Speeches at Life Transitions - correct answer ✔✔1) Toast
2. Eulogy
3. Graduation *Speeches at Ceremonies - correct answer ✔✔1) Introducing a Speaker
4. After-Dinner Speaking

3. Presenting an Award After-Dinner Speaking - correct answer ✔✔giving a humorous talk after a meal with a serious point, but not the reason the group has gathered