SSI Open Water Diver Final Exam: Scuba Diving Fundamentals, Exams of Nursing

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SSI Open Water Diver Final Exam

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Which of the statements concerning sound transmission underwater is incorrect? -A: Sound will travel farther underwater then in air

• B: Divers find it difficult to locate the direction of a sound producing source -C: Divers find it easy to talk to each other directly through water -D: Sound travels four times faster underwater than in air ANS C The absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 33 feet in sea water is: -A: 2 ata -B:1 ata -C: 4 ata -D: 3 ata ANS A The condition in which certain colors are diminished as depth increases is called: -A: Refraction -B: Turbidity -C: Diffusion -D: Absorption ANS D Earplugs: -A: Aid equalization of the middle of the ear -B: Protect against cold -C: Should never be worn while diving -D: Protect ears from squeeze ANS C

Gauge pressure is defined as: -A: Hydrostatic pressure minus 1 ata -B: The pressure at the surface -C: The depth reading on a gauge -D: Absolute pressure minus 1 ata ANS D Sinus squeeze can be prevented by: -A: Valsalva technique -B: Wearing earplugs -C: Tilting the divers head back and forth -D: Not diving with a cold The event that led to the use of the acronym SCUBA to describe diving was: Development of what and when?ANS Demand regulator in 1943 Ear squeeze can be prevented by -A: Relaxing -B: All answers are correct -C: Never diving with a cold -D: rotating the jaw, swallowing or Valsalva ANS B The first symptom of a sinus squeeze is usually: -A: a dull pain deep within the head -B: a sharp pain at the base of the neck -C: a crushing pain high in the chest -D: a sharp pain above the eyes ANS D If you experience pain in the ear during descent: -A: Stop the descent and ascend till the pain stops -B: abort the dive -C: place a finger in the ear canal and gently massage the ear until the pain ceases -D: continue the descent while gently exhaling into the mask ANS A

Body heat is lost at a rate of than air.ANS 25-30 times faster Proper equalization techniques must be learned in order to: -A: prevent sinus squeeze -B: prevent ear pain -C: prevent squeeze injuries -D: all answers are correct ANS D Salt water weighs pounds per cubic foot and freshwater weighs pounds per cubic foot.ANS 64/62. Underwater, the bending of light rays causes objects to appear to be:ANS Closer The purpose of equalization is to: -A: ensure the uneven application of pressure between the water and air spaces in the body -B: prevent water from entering air spaces in the body -C: introduce additional air into body air spaces in response to increasing external pressure -D: remove all fluids from body air spaces ANS C One atmosphere of pressure is defined as -A: 1 ata -B: each 34ft of depth in freshwater -C: each 33ft of depth in saltwater -D: all answers are correct ANS D The three primary features to look for in a quality Exposure System are: ANS Thickness, fit, seam integrity An object immersed in water will be buoyed upward by a force to the weight of the water it displaces. ANS equal A high pressure scuba cylinder should be stored:

-A: secured with a minimum of 500 to 750 psi -B: lying flat with no air -C: with the valve slightly open to allow air expansion -D: secured with the valve open ANS A The most efficient breathing pattern for scuba diving is: ANS Deep inhale/exhale One of the primary factors contributing to heat loss for divers is: -A: Absorption -B: Convection -C: Diffusion -D: Refraction ANS B The Information System components are: A: Dive Computer B: Analogue Instruments C: SSI DiveLog D: All the above ANS D The purpose of a BC is to: -A: Provide surface floatation -B: Maintain neutral buoyancy during the dive -C: Control ascent and descent rates -D: all answers are correct ANS D Which of the following Total Diving System subsystems best describes the SCUBA?

-A: Delivery system -B: Buoyancy system -C: Information system -D: Snorkeling system ANS A Under the SSI Equipment Service Program, your Delivery System should be serviced and performance checked: -A: every 3 years -B: every 5 years -C: every month -D: every year ANS D Assuming a consistent air consumption rate, diving at a pressure of 4 ata will use as much air as diving at 2 ata. ANS 2 times During normal diving activities, divers should never exceed an ascent rate of feet per minute. ANS 30 A scuba tank for recreational diving should be filled with: -A: A mixture of helium and oxygen -B: Pure, filtered compressed air or Nitrox -C: A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen -D: pure oxygen ANS B The rate at which the body becomes saturated with nitrogen: -A: will vary based on factors, such as depth and blood supply to a particular area of the body -B: is always the same rate -C: is slower at the beginning of the process and faster at the end of the process -D: is faster t the beginning of the process and slower at the end of the process

ANS A

Haldanes theory that the human body can withstand a 2:1 pressure difference was revised by D Workman to a nitrogen ratio of: -A: 3: -B: 1: -C: 5: -D: 1.58: ANS D If a flexible air-filled container at 100 feet of sea water has a volume of 10 cu ft, what would be the volume if it were transported to the surface? -A: 20 cu ft -B: 15 cu ft -C: 40 cu ft -D: 30 cu ft ANS C The transfer of oxygen and nitrogen into the bloodstream occurs through the walls of the: -A: Arteries -B: Bronchiole trees -C: Alveoli -D: Blood vessels ANS C Which of the following would be inappropriate treatment for a diver evidencing symptoms of Decompression Sickness? -A: Giving them pure oxygen -B: Taking the victim back underwater -C: Giving them CPR -D: Treat for shock ANS B The most serious lung over-expansion injury is: -A: Arterial gas Embolism -B: Mediastinal emphysema -C: Pneumothorax

Maximum time atwithout having to perform adecompression stop -D: Subcutaneous emphysema ANS A The term gradient can be described as:ANS The difference between the internal partial pressure and the external partial pressure of a gas Which of the following overexpansion injuries can be characterized by chest pain, breathing difficulties, weakness, and cyanosis (blueness) of the lips and nail beds: -A: bends -B: Subcutaneous emphysema -C: Mediastinal emphysema and Pneumothorax -D: Rupture of the eardrum ANS C In air at 1 ata, the partial pressure of nitrogen is , oxygen is. -A: .21/.79 ata -B: 1.5/.8 ata -C: .79/.21 ata -D: .8/. ata ANS C Gas can enter the bloodstream and cause serious damage to the lungs or even death by: -A: ascending to fast -B: holding your breath underwater -C: diving with respiratory congestion -D: all answers are correct ANS D The term No-decompression Limit is defined as: the ANS depth, mandatory, ascent To use a compass to navigate to a sighted object: Point the compass toward the object, rotate the until the marks are over

the magnetic needle, and follow the line. ANS bezel, witness, lubber A dive computer keeps track of a diver's nitrogen absorption levels so that the diver can: -A: Avoid an Arterial gas Embolism -B: Stay within the no decompression limits on each dive -C: dive deeper than 100 feet -D: Make decompression dives ANS B You should perform a safety stop at 15 feet for 3 to 5 minutes on every dive. Tru e Fals e ANS True What is a surface interval? The amount of the diver stays of the water or on the dives ANS time, out, surface between Residual nitrogen is defined as: ANS The amount of excessive nitrogen dissolved in our blood stream and tissues after a dive Two examples of hard coral are: -A: fire and star -B: elkhorn and staghorn -C: sea fan and brain -D: all answers are correct ANS B More than of Earth's oxygen is produced by marine plants. ANS 85%

A dependent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is: -A: an emergency buoyant ascent -B: sharing air using the primary second stage and using the alternate air source yourself -C: a controlled swimming ascent -D: all answers are correct ANS B The first thing you should do if you observe signs of panic in a diver at the surface is: Completely fill your and instruct the diver to establish buoyancy ANS BC, panicked, postitive To achieve the SSI Advanced Open Water Diver rating, a diver is required to: ANS Complete 4 Specialty Courses and log a total of 24 dives In a deep water out of air emergency, and your buddy is not close enough, the best response to this emergency is to perform a Controlled Swimming Ascent: Tru e Fals e ANS False To achieve the SSI Specialty Diver rating, a diver is required to: ANS Complete any 2 Speciality courses AND Log a total of 12 dives An independent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is: -A: controlled swimming ascent -B: ascent with alternate air source -C: sharing air using an alternate air source -D: sharing air using primary second stage ANS A To achieve the SSI Master Diver rating, a diver is required to:

ANS Be certified as an SSI Advanced Open Water Diver, complete the SSI Stress and Rescue Specialty Course, and log a total of 50 dives