Straighterline A&P 1 Cumulative Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023, Exams of Advanced Education

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Straighterline A&P 1 Cumulative Final

Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023

The process which is necessary for an individual to maintain homeostasis - Correct Answer-characteristics of life The term used to describe that one body part is closer to the torso of the body than another - Correct Answer-proximal This component identifies the difference between sensed information and a "set point" - Correct Answer-control center This term identifies the approximate middle of the thoracic body region - Correct Answer-sternal Control of oxytocin secretion is characterized as part of this mechanism - Correct Answer-positive feedback Water moves toward the area of higher salt concentration - Correct Answer-osmosis This is a process whereby action potentials travel over myelinated axons - Correct Answer-saltatory conduction This is responsible for moving body parts - Correct Answer-muscle cell This process includes the transcription and translation of mRNA - Correct Answer- production of gene products (proteins) One of many cells responsible for communicating with target tissues using a neurotransmitter - Correct Answer-neuron This part of the brain is essential in interpretation of auditory patterns - Correct Answer- temporal lobe The location where dorsal and central horns are located - Correct Answer-spinal cord This mechanism is associated with maintenance of body position - Correct Answer- equilibrium This structure serves as a mechanical barrier which protects the brain from bone surfaces - Correct Answer-Meninges

This mechanism is associated with the smoothing of motor movements - Correct Answer-postural reflex Maximum muscular contraction - Correct Answer-tetanus The location of communication between a muscle fiber and the motor neuron - Correct Answer-neuromuscular junction This structure is removed from blocking the cross-bridging of actin and myosin - Correct Answer-tropomyosin The storage site of calcium inside a muscle fiber - Correct Answer-sarcoplasmic reticulum Connective tissue which surrounds a single muscle fiber - Correct Answer-endomysium Muscular contractions can continue if... - Correct Answer-atp and ca are present Transverse tubules act.. - Correct Answer-as a conduction pathway deep into a muscle fiber "Thick" filament in muscle fiber is - Correct Answer-myosin Plasma - Correct Answer-consists of fluid without the blood cells and clotting factors The red blood cell can't... - Correct Answer-repair itself and has a limited lifespan Anemia can be caused by - Correct Answer-too few red blood cells Which white blood cell produces antibodies? - Correct Answer-B lymphocytes Which white blood cell is involved with the cell mediated arm of immunity? - Correct Answer-T lymphocytes Naturally acquired active immunity is gotten by - Correct Answer-contracting illness by contact with the microbe Stomach mucosa and acid produced by the stomach glands are examples of - Correct Answer-nonspecific 2nd line of defense In order too keep blood pressure you must have... - Correct Answer-blood volume Coronary circulation - Correct Answer-the hearts own blood supply Valves - Correct Answer-ensures proper blood flow through the heart

During ventricular filling which valves should be closed? - Correct Answer-sl valves Which pair of valves should be found closed during isometric period of cardiac cycle? - Correct Answer-both sets of AV and SL valves will be closed All 4 valves should never... - Correct Answer-be open at the same time unless your dead What is the primary pace maker? - Correct Answer-SA node You can't tell .... from an EKG - Correct Answer-overall health of the valves The heart is capable of rhythmic contraction ___ of the nervous system - Correct Answer-independent What is the effect of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system on the heart? - Correct Answer-increase HR, increase strength of contractions A murmur with swishing sound means... - Correct Answer-insufficiency of SL valves Weak/failure of the right side of the heart causes... - Correct Answer-peripheral congestive heart failure What is considered the blood resevior of the body? - Correct Answer-veins Which blood vessels are considered resistance vessels? - Correct Answer-arterioles and venules Cardiac output can be increased by.. - Correct Answer-increasing the amount of blood returned What would result in an increase in BP? - Correct Answer-heart rate increase More filtration than reabsorption happens along the length of what? - Correct Answer- capillaries Which force favors filtration across the capillary wall? - Correct Answer-hydrostatic BP Lymphatic fluid flow is directed back to the cardiac system by... - Correct Answer- hydrostatic pressure, muscular contraction, and valve like structures in the lymphatic vessels Examples of nonspecific defense mechanisms are.. - Correct Answer-pH of skin, phagocytes, salivary lysozyme

Which defense mechanism aids in the prevention of viral replication? - Correct Answer- interferon Which immune cells are processed by the thymus gland prior to becoming competent to fight off foreign invaders? - Correct Answer-T lymphocytes Which cell type is responsible for the immune systems enhanced response to an antigen that had previous exposure? - Correct Answer-memory B cells Cell mediated and antibody mediated arms of the immune system work together to.. - Correct Answer-rid the body of identified foreign invaders What structure enables a large volume of blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium in a fetus? - Correct Answer-foramen ovule The serosa membrane doesn't contain any ___ ____ - Correct Answer-smooth muscle Actions of the GI tract include - Correct Answer-motility, secretion, digestion, absorption An example of a contraction that results in the movement of a bolus of chyme further along the small intestine is... - Correct Answer-peristalsis How does the digestive system break down food? - Correct Answer-chemically and mechanically What is required for mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth? - Correct Answer- teeth What space is the common passage way for food and air? - Correct Answer-pharynx What are the functions of saliva? - Correct Answer-antibacterial action, begins carb digestion, moistens food What chemical performs digestive functions in the mouth? - Correct Answer-salivary amylase Esophagus functions are... - Correct Answer-peristaltic waves to push food thru it, protective mucus secreted, has a sphincter at one end What are the parts of the stomach? - Correct Answer-fundus, body, antrum (pylorus) What is the duodenum part of? - Correct Answer-the small intestine Parietal cells release... - Correct Answer-HCl and intrinsic factor Chief cells release... - Correct Answer-pepsinogen

Mucus cells release... - Correct Answer-mucus HCl in the stomach functions too.. - Correct Answer-kill microorganisms, activates pepsinogen, aids in breaking down lipids Actions of the stomach - Correct Answer-food storage, secretion HCl, converts food into chyme What activates pepsin? - Correct Answer-acid What is the sphincter between stomach and small intestine? - Correct Answer-pyloric sphincter The primary mixing movement in the small intestine is called... - Correct Answer- segmentation Primary secretion of the small intestine is... - Correct Answer-water, mucus, salts The large intestine forms large pouches or sacs called - Correct Answer-haustra Which part of the GI tract is responsible for converting the bolus of food into chyme? - Correct Answer-stomach Carbs simplify into - Correct Answer-monosaccharides Proteins simplify into - Correct Answer-amino acids fats simplify into - Correct Answer-fatty acids The primary fuel source of the body that directly produces glucose is... - Correct Answer-the metabolism of carbs A respiratory bronchiole is... - Correct Answer-a bronchiole with alveoli Alveolar surface tension and thoracic recoil are.. - Correct Answer-opposing forces For forceful respiration you need.. - Correct Answer-external intercostals, pectoralis minor, sternocledoimastoid, diaphragm Respiratory membrane is made up of... - Correct Answer-2 layers of simple squamous epithelium and a basement membrane Respiratory conducting passageways _____ exchange gases - Correct Answer-DON'T

What are the parts of the respiratory zone? - Correct Answer-alveolar duct, respiratory bronchiole, alveoli What is required for the transport of CO2 - Correct Answer-carbonic caid and its subsequent dissociation into bicarbonate ion Total amount of exchangeable air is - Correct Answer-vital capacity Primary stimulus which regulates breathing - Correct Answer-the partial pressure of CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid The portion of the respiratory control center that is active only during forceful breathing is... - Correct Answer-dorsal respiratory group O2 exchange across the respiratory membrane occur down what gradient? - Correct Answer-104 mmHg toward 40 mmHg Steroid hormones are not.. - Correct Answer-soluble in water The mechanism triggering a hormone to be released when the amount of a substance in the blood changes... - Correct Answer-humoral stimulus Adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone is secreted by - Correct Answer-the hypothalamus What posterior pituitary hormone is stimulated to be released by either increase in plasma osmolarity or decrease in blood volume - Correct Answer-ADH What 3 hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland? - Correct Answer-thyroxine, triiodothyroinine, calcitonin The body's major metabolic hormone - Correct Answer-thyroid hormone These pair of hormones have opposite affects - Correct Answer-calcitonin and PTH What autoimmune condition occurs as a result of an antibody that mimics TSH - Correct Answer-graves disease A child with severe vitamin D deficiency gets... - Correct Answer-rickets What tissue secretes the catacholamine hormones? - Correct Answer-adrenal medulla What hormone is secreted by adrenal cortex when BP is low? - Correct Answer- aldosterone

The condition caused by hypersecretion of cortisol resulting in hyperglycemia glucosuria and a build up of fat in the face and back - Correct Answer-cushing's syndrome Excessive ATCH secretion results in hyperpigmentation of the skin, this is one of the hallmarks of.... - Correct Answer-addison's disease This cell type is stimulated by elevated blood glucose levels resulting in insulin secretion? - Correct Answer-beta islets Insulin shock is most commonly caused by.. - Correct Answer-diabetic patient injects too much insulin Function of urinary system... - Correct Answer-eliminate wastes, regulate body water, regulate BP This structure delivers urine from the kidney to the bladder - Correct Answer-ureter Functional unit of the kidney is - Correct Answer-nephron This type of nephron creates the vertical osmotic gradient required for the kidney to produce urine of different concentration - Correct Answer-juxtamedullary The peritubular capillaries serve to... - Correct Answer-both modify urine and provide nutrients for nephron Filtration is an entirely ____ process, regulated by only fluid ___ and size of ____ - Correct Answer-fluid, pressure, particles Under normal healthy conditions of all this substance is completely reabsorbed - Correct Answer-glucose What is both filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed - Correct Answer-creatinine Majority of all reabsorption of glucose, sodium and amino acids is in.. - Correct Answer- the proximal convulated tubule Along the loop of henle water is.. - Correct Answer-passively reabsorbed across the descending limb These tissues allow the urinary bladder to expand in volume without significantly increase the internal pressure - Correct Answer-detrusor smooth muscle, transitional epithelium An individual drinks one liter of water can expect - Correct Answer-2/3 of water to go into intracellular space

Changes in salt balance causes water to... - Correct Answer-move from one compartment to another The majority of water loss from the body is via - Correct Answer-urination Low blood volume or pressure as detected by the juxtaglomerular apparatus results in...

• Correct Answer-activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism Macula densa cells directly stimulate the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete - Correct Answer-renin This substance is a very potent vasoconstrictor - Correct Answer-angiotensin 2 Water saving mechanisms are - Correct Answer-ADH and aldosterone This acid/base disorder is compensated through an increase in.. - Correct Answer- ventilation metabolic acidosis Anatomy - Correct Answer-the branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts their forms and how they are organized Physiology - Correct Answer-the function of body parts: what they do and how they do it What are the levels of organization of anatomy? - Correct Answer-atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Cutaneous membrane - Correct Answer-exposed to outside, connected to dermis, stratified squamous Synovial membrane - Correct Answer-lines cavities of joints, friction reduction Fibroblasts - Correct Answer-produce fibers by secreting protein in to the ECM Mast cells - Correct Answer-release heparine and histamine to heal wounds Describe skeletal muscle - Correct Answer-voluntary movement, striated, attatches to bones Describe smooth muscle - Correct Answer-involuntary movement of internal organs, lines walls of hollow internal organs Catabolism - Correct Answer-break down of large molecules, release energy Anabolism - Correct Answer-build up of large molecules, requires energy

Describe gap junction - Correct Answer-ions allowed to move through for communication between cells Transcription - Correct Answer-DNA to RNA Translation - Correct Answer-RNA to protein Rough ER - Correct Answer-contains ribosomes, protein synthesis Smooth ER - Correct Answer-lipid synthesis and metabolism Golgi apparatus - Correct Answer-refines, packages, and transports proteins What is sodium potassium ATPase? - Correct Answer-the enzyme catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP