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Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers, Exams of Health sciences

What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? Select one: a. chemical b. cellular c. tissue d. organism – CORRECT ANSWER: B. Cellular The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle that contains the body's genetic information. Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? Select one: a. elevated blood pressure during exercise b. increase in heart rate after blood loss c. decrease in blood pressure after blood loss d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? Select one: a. glycolysis b. lactic acid fermentation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. citric acid cycle - CORRECT ANSWER: c. oxidative phosphorylation During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA molecules?

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Download Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? Select one: a. chemical b. cellular c. tissue d. organism – CORRECT ANSWER: B. Cellular The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle that contains the body's genetic information. Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? Select one: a. elevated blood pressure during exercise b. increase in heart rate after blood loss c. decrease in blood pressure after blood loss d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? Select one: a. glycolysis b. lactic acid fermentation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. citric acid cycle - CORRECT ANSWER: c. oxidative phosphorylation During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA molecules? Select one: a. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase. b. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase. c. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA polymerase. d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells? Select one: a. stratum corneum b. stratum lucidum c. stratum basale d. stratum spinosum - CORRECT ANSWER: d. stratum spinosum Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn? Select one: a. a burn that covers at least 25% of the skin b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis c. a burn that can only be caused by fire d. a burn that does not leave scars - CORRECT ANSWER: b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe? Select one: a. cavity b. cleft c. hole d. tunnel - CORRECT ANSWER: a. cavity Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily shattered? Select one: a. cartilage b. collagen c. hydroxyapatite d. mineral - CORRECT ANSWER: b. collagen Which of the following is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body? Select one: a. cardiac b. postural c. skeletal d. smooth - CORRECT ANSWER: d. smooth Which sentence best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? Select one: a. Actin and myosin filaments remain stationary. b. Actin and myosin myofilaments shorten. c. Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract. d. Sarcomeres and myofibrils lengthen. - CORRECT ANSWER: c. Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract. doctor performing an autopsy on a patient concludes that part of the brain was likely damaged by trauma due to a large population of which type of cell? Select one: a. Schwann cells b. give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body. c. are old technology that do not give good results. d. have very few applications. - CORRECT ANSWER: b. give only a flat, two- dimensional image of the body. A tissue is a Select one: a. structure contained within a cell. b. lower level of organization than a cell. c. group of organs that performs specific functions. d. group of cells with similar structure and function. e. structure that contains a group of organs. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. group of cells with similar structure and function. Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following? Select one: a. histology b. physiology c. gross anatomy d. radiology e. cytology - CORRECT ANSWER: c. gross anatomy An organ system is Select one: a. a small structure within a cell. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of cells with similar structure and function. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. An organelle is Select one: a. a small structure within a cell. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of cells with similar structure and function. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. a small structure within a cell. A cell is Select one: a. a small structure within a molecule. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of atoms with similar structure and function. - CORRECT ANSWER: c. the basic structural unit of living organisms. Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines? Select one: a. histology b. physiology c. gross anatomy d. radiology e. regional anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER: a. histology What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance? Select one: a. respiratory b. lymphatic c. cardiovascular d. immune e. urinary - CORRECT ANSWER: e. urinary A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can researchers conclude? Select one: a. If the drug was effective in a large number of mice, it will therefore be effective in humans. b. If the drug was effective in a small proportion of mice, it will be effective in a small proportion of humans. c. The mice have provided a positive control in this experiment that proves the drug is effective in humans. d. The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans. e. The effect of the drug on mice has no bearing on the effect of the drug on humans. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans. The mesentery is Select one: a. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. b. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. c. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. d. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. e. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. a double- layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent? Select one: a. diaphragm b. mediastinum c. pelvic cavity d. thoracic cavity e. abdominal cavity - This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent? Select one: a. visceral peritoneum (covers organs) b. mesentery c. parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) d. retroperitoneal organs e. peritoneal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER: a. visceral peritoneum (covers organs) "Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the _____ plane. Select one: a. coronal b. nasal c. median d. transverse e. sagittal - CORRECT ANSWER: a. coronal Which of the following is not a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism? Select one: a. receives and processes information b. controls effectors c. establishes a set point d. detects a change in the value of a variable - CORRECT ANSWER: d. detects a change in the value of a variable Cephalic means Select one: a. toward the middle or midline of the body. b. away from the surface. Chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as Select one: a. buffers. b. enzymes. c. bases. d. inorganic compounds. e. electrolytes. - CORRECT ANSWER: e. electrolytes. A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n) Select one: a. compound. b. element. c. ion. d. molecule. e. compound and a molecule. - CORRECT ANSWER: e. compound and a molecule. Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "A" represent on the diagram? Select one: a. phosphorus b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. polar (hydrophilic) region e. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region - CORRECT ANSWER: d. polar (hydrophilic) region Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the Select one: a. solution is closer to neutrality. b. pH of the solution has increased. c. solution will now accept more protons. d. number of hydrogen ions has decreased. e. number of hydrogen ions has increased. - CORRECT ANSWER: e. number of hydrogen ions has increased. Which of the following would be classified as a lipid? Select one: a. cholesterol-a steroid b. alanine-an amino acid c. starch-a polysaccharide d. catalase-an enzyme e. sucrose-a disaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER: a. cholesterol-a steroid Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another? Select one: a. glycogen, glucose, sucrose b. starch, glycogen, cellulose c. glucose, fructose, galactose d. ribose, glycogen, glucose e. deoxyribose, glycogen, starch - CORRECT ANSWER: c. glucose, fructose, galactose Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms? Select one: a. disaccharide b. sucrose c. lactose d. maltose e. glucose - CORRECT ANSWER: e. glucose Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram? Select one: a. phosphorus b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. polar (hydrophilic) region e. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region - CORRECT ANSWER: c. nitrogen Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? Select one: a. structural component of DNA b. protection c. bulk in feces d. energy e. structural component of RNA - CORRECT ANSWER: b. protection Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is Select one: a. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. b. not critical because extreme pH values do not affect enzyme function. c. called denaturation. d. not required. e. None of these choices is correct. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a Select one: a. 1% solution. b. 1 molar solution. c. 10% solution. d. 1 osmolal solution. e. None of these choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. 1 osmolal solution. What particle is formed when an acid loses a proton (H+)? Select one: a. buffer b. conjugate acid c. salt d. conjugate base - CORRECT ANSWER: d. conjugate base What structure does "C" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? Select one: a. membrane channel protein b. phospholipid bilayer c. internal membrane surface d. peripheral protein e. integral protein - CORRECT ANSWER: e. integral protein Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? Select one: a. digestion of unneeded cell organelles b. recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system c. transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum d. cell metabolism e. detoxification - CORRECT ANSWER: b. recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? Select one: a. membrane channel protein b. phospholipid bilayer c. internal membrane surface d. peripheral protein e. integral protein - CORRECT ANSWER: a. membrane channel protein What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? Select one: a. membrane channel protein b. phospholipid bilayer c. internal membrane surface d. peripheral protein The four most abundant elements in the human body are - CORRECT ANSWER: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen The three forms of matter are: - CORRECT ANSWER: solids, liquids, and gases Eicosanoids - CORRECT ANSWER: play a role in the response of tissues to injuries The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: salt crystal Which of the following statements is false? - CORRECT ANSWER: Water evaporation heats the body All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four? - CORRECT ANSWER: triglyceride Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide? - CORRECT ANSWER: adenine- -a nitrogen base A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a - CORRECT ANSWER: 1 osmolal solution Which of the following is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC? - CORRECT ANSWER: GTACAG Which of the following organic groups does DNA belong to? - CORRECT ANSWER: nucleic acid Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER: prostaglandins The pH value - CORRECT ANSWER: is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use - CORRECT ANSWER: a transmission electron microscope (TEM) What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: phospholipid bilayer What structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: integral protein Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: membrane channel protein What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: internal membrane surface If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution - CORRECT ANSWER: is hypotonic to the cell What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand? - CORRECT ANSWER: receptor proteins A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected? - CORRECT ANSWER: mitochondrion Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? - CORRECT ANSWER: hypertonic solution Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______. - CORRECT ANSWER: mediated transport What is membrane potential? - CORRECT ANSWER: The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by ion movement. Which mature cells do not have a nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER: red blood cells The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons? - CORRECT ANSWER: CAU Chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear during - CORRECT ANSWER: prophase In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator? - CORRECT ANSWER: metaphase Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER: use of drugs to increase the blood supply to the tumor Which of the following is NOT associated with interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER: The cell does nothing but rest All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a - CORRECT ANSWER: gene Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER: synthesizes DNA from RNA. The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____. - CORRECT ANSWER: aging A non-albino female who is a carrier for the albino allele (Aa), mates with an albino (aa) male. What is the probability that their children will be albino? - CORRECT ANSWER: 50% The actual genetic constitution of an individual is its - CORRECT ANSWER: genotype A __________ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis. - CORRECT ANSWER: karyotype The process of meiosis will _____ as the gametes are produced - CORRECT ANSWER: cut the chromosome number by 1/2 A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of - CORRECT ANSWER: polygenic traits Which of the following genotypes will result in a male? - CORRECT ANSWER: XY What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele? - CORRECT ANSWER: Incomplete dominance Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance? - CORRECT ANSWER: beta thalassemia What term means that both alleles are different? - CORRECT ANSWER: heterozygous A gene that is responsible for producing trypsin in the pancreas would be a ____ gene. - CORRECT ANSWER: dominant Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as - CORRECT ANSWER: autosomes What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21? - CORRECT ANSWER: Down syndrome What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs? - CORRECT ANSWER: achondroplasia Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? - CORRECT ANSWER: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) sebum-production? - CORRECT ANSWER: Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called - CORRECT ANSWER: keratinization The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from - CORRECT ANSWER: the light-scattering properties of collagen sweat - CORRECT ANSWER: is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff. - CORRECT ANSWER: stratum corneum The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is - CORRECT ANSWER: detection of heat and touch What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER: Full thickness With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly - CORRECT ANSWER: experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called - CORRECT ANSWER: cyanosis Acne is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these are factors Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo? - CORRECT ANSWER: Streptococcus pyogenes Which type of skin cancer is the most common? - CORRECT ANSWER: basal cell carcinoma The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER: increases in sebaceous gland activity Spongy bone tissue - CORRECT ANSWER: contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone? - CORRECT ANSWER: Sharpey fibers Which type of bone appears porous? - CORRECT ANSWER: spongy bone Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to - CORRECT ANSWER: manufacture blood cells Which of the following is NOT a function of bone? - CORRECT ANSWER: immunity Ligaments attach - bone to bone The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the - CORRECT ANSWER: perichondrium What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull? - CORRECT ANSWER: intramembranous ossification Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these are effects of PTH This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "A"? - CORRECT ANSWER: zone of resting cartilage This condition is also known as hump back. - CORRECT ANSWER: kyphosis The auditory ossicles are part of the - CORRECT ANSWER: axial skeleton Which of the following facial bones is correctly matched with its function? - CORRECT ANSWER: maxilla - possesses sockets for teeth Which of the following is a function of the vertebral column? - CORRECT ANSWER: It allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord. What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus? - CORRECT ANSWER: herniated disk The ligamentum nuchae - CORRECT ANSWER: helps keep the head erect The humerus articulates with the radius at the - CORRECT ANSWER: capitulum Maya is experiencing pain and discomfort in her posterior coxal region. Which specific joint may be the problem? - CORRECT ANSWER: sacroiliac joint Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth? - CORRECT ANSWER: a small pelvic outlet The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the - CORRECT ANSWER: intervertebral discs Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called - CORRECT ANSWER: rotation The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "E" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) The synovial membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a - CORRECT ANSWER: fibrous joint The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the - CORRECT ANSWER: rotator cuff The function of a bursa is to - CORRECT ANSWER: provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "E" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: occipital bone The opposite of supination is - pronation The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "D" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: lateral meniscus What does structure "E" represent on the diagram? - CORRECT ANSWER: fibrous capsule A sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. From the following list of structures, select the order in which they were penetrated. (1) tendon or muscle (2) ligament (3) fibrous capsule (4) skin (5) synovial membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 Which of the following joints is most movable? - CORRECT ANSWER: ball and socket Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ______ joints. - CORRECT ANSWER: cartilaginous Which of the following joints is most movable? - CORRECT ANSWER: synovial Osteoarthritis is - CORRECT ANSWER: the most common type of arthritis What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus? - CORRECT ANSWER: herniated disk The glenoid cavity is where the - CORRECT ANSWER: humerus articulates with the scapula The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the - CORRECT ANSWER: intervertebral discs Which of the following is a synovial joint? - CORRECT ANSWER: atlanto-occipital An example of a symphysis is the - CORRECT ANSWER: intervertebral joint Arthritis is - CORRECT ANSWER: an inflammation of any joint. Gout is - CORRECT ANSWER: a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood In humans, somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____. - CORRECT ANSWER: 46; 23 What type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of? - CORRECT ANSWER: codominance What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors? - CORRECT ANSWER: hemophilia A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called - CORRECT ANSWER: nondisjunction A cell is - CORRECT ANSWER: the basic structural unit of living organisms Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER: Dilating and constricting the pupil of the eye Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated? - CORRECT ANSWER: skeletal muscle Which of the following is true? - CORRECT ANSWER: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs What are caveolae? - CORRECT ANSWER: shallow invaginations of cell membrane Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch? - CORRECT ANSWER: cardiac muscle Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations? - CORRECT ANSWER: both skeletal and cardiac muscle As muscle activity increases, the body temperature _____. - CORRECT ANSWER: increase Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER: moving your feet in walking The capacity of a muscle cell to shorten forcefully is known as - CORRECT ANSWER: contractility. Muscles exhibit the property of excitability. This means that the muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: responds to stimulation by the nervous system The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because - CORRECT ANSWER: there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+. Multiple wave summation - CORRECT ANSWER: results in complete and incomplete tetanus Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane What does "D" represent on the diagram? - CORRECT ANSWER: Z disk Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells? - CORRECT ANSWER: Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true? - CORRECT ANSWER: They split ATP rapidly Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER: conversion of excess lactic acid to glucose Heather is watching a movie. What type of chemical pathway do her muscles depend upon at this time? - CORRECT ANSWER: aerobic respiration Atrophy at the neuromuscular junction that naturally occurs with age would have what effect on muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER: It would decrease the number of action potentials sent to the myofiber. Select the term that does not belong with the others. a. muscle atrophy b. immobilization c. decrease in number of myofibrils d. loss of nerve stimulation e. increased vascularity - CORRECT ANSWER: increased vascularity The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is the - CORRECT ANSWER: pennate The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "B" represent? - superior oblique Label muscle "A" on the diagram. - CORRECT ANSWER: serratus anterior The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "C" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: superior rectus When an intramuscular injection is given in the anterior aspect of the thigh, the injection is in the - CORRECT ANSWER: rectus femoris Label muscle "C" on the diagram. - CORRECT ANSWER: external oblique The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "A" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: inferior rectus Muscles can be classified by their shape and fascicle orientation. Which shape has the muscle fibers that run the length of the muscle and taper at each end? - CORRECT ANSWER: Fusiform Label muscle "D" on the diagram. - CORRECT ANSWER: rectus abdominis If a person drums their fingers on the table, they would be using which of the following muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER: flexor digitorum profundus In order for both eyes to direct their gaze to the right, which of the following muscles are used? (1) right lateral rectus (2) right medial rectus (3) left lateral rectus (4) left medial rectus - CORRECT ANSWER: 1 and 4 The extensor pollicis brevis moves the - CORRECT ANSWER: thumb In the body's lever systems, the - CORRECT ANSWER: joint represents the fulcrum point. The orbicularis oculi muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: causes crow's feet wrinkles What does "C" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: conus medullaris Match the term with the correct definition. Pia mater - CORRECT ANSWER: the meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord Match the term with the most appropriate description. Removing hand from a hot iron - CORRECT ANSWER: withdrawal reflex The spinal cord begins at the - CORRECT ANSWER: foramen magnum Match the disorder with its description. Neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER: pain along a nerve tract Match the nerve with the appropriate description. Obturator nerve - CORRECT ANSWER: innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh What is the group of structures in the brain that is involved with emotions and memory? - CORRECT ANSWER: basal nuclei The habenular nuclei and pineal body are both found in the - CORRECT ANSWER: epithalamus Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the - CORRECT ANSWER: thalamus This is a midsagittal section of the right half of the brain. What does "A" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: brainstem Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve. - CORRECT ANSWER: facial Motor control of the face is the function of the ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is determined by the ____ nerve. - CORRECT ANSWER: facial, trigeminal Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER: provides oxygen to CNS tissue The central sulcus separates the - CORRECT ANSWER: frontal and parietal lobes The pyramids of the medulla contain - CORRECT ANSWER: descending motor tracts Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWER: hypothalamus The extrapyramidal system - CORRECT ANSWER: maintains control of unconscious movements If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions needed to carry out this action. - CORRECT ANSWER: premotor area Brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ____ waves. - CORRECT ANSWER: beta Which of the following would you observe in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum? - CORRECT ANSWER: balance impairment A patient with a lesion in the hippocampus may have decreased - CORRECT ANSWER: declarative memory Which of the following result when the spinal cord is hemitransected (cut) on the left side? (1) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side (2) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side (3) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side (4) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right side (5) loss of fine motor control on the right side below the injury (6) loss of fine motor control on the left side below the injury - CORRECT ANSWER: 2, 3, 6 Which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord? - CORRECT ANSWER: corticospinal tract Two tracts found within the extrapyramidal system are the - CORRECT ANSWER: vestibulospinal and rubrospinal Indicate the order of each of the following in a descending pathway. (1) cerebral cortex (2) pyramids (3) cerebral peduncles (4) internal capsule - CORRECT ANSWER: 1, 4, 3, 2 A baseball pitcher was hit on the side of the head by a line drive. When he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because - CORRECT ANSWER: he lost both working and short-term memory An example of adaptation of receptors would be _____. - CORRECT ANSWER: ignoring the presence of clothes The perception of position and movement of body parts is - CORRECT ANSWER: proprioception The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "B"? - CORRECT ANSWER: responds to light touch and superficial pressure The pain a person experiences with acute appendicitis results from stimulating nerve endings called - CORRECT ANSWER: visceroreceptors Slowly adapting proprioceptors that would let you know the position of your thumb without looking at it are known as - CORRECT ANSWER: tonic receptors Receptors that in general do not produce an action potential, but can release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential are - CORRECT ANSWER: secondary receptors Which of the following is a visceral sensation? - CORRECT ANSWER: pain Sensory ______ is the ability the brain has to prioritize the sensory input it receives and to ignore unimportant stimuli. - CORRECT ANSWER: adaptation Rapidly adapting proprioceptors that provide positional information during movement are called ______ receptors. - CORRECT ANSWER: phasic The ______ tract and the ______ tract make up the pyramidal system. - CORRECT ANSWER: corticospinal; corticobulbar Which of the following is correctly matched? - CORRECT ANSWER: iris - sphincter pupillae The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is - CORRECT ANSWER: photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve The main factor affecting depth of focus is the - CORRECT ANSWER: size of the pupil Which of the following sequences is correct? - CORRECT ANSWER: oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli For distant vision, - CORRECT ANSWER: the ciliary muscles are relaxed The utricle and saccule are involved in - CORRECT ANSWER: static balance Consider the two statements and use the following key to choose your answer. (1) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is angry (2) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is relaxed - CORRECT ANSWER: First item is greater than the second item Which of the following is NOT a symapthetic effect on the body? - CORRECT ANSWER: constriction of the pupil Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect? - CORRECT ANSWER: dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs The two classes of adrenergic receptors are - CORRECT ANSWER: alpha and beta Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Increases activity of GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER: parasympathetic Where is the enteric nervous system located? - CORRECT ANSWER: digestive tract Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels - CORRECT ANSWER: to have a strong signal Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA. (2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins. (3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm) (4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated. (5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell. Which of these events occurs in the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1, 3, 4 Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _______ stimuli for hormone release - CORRECT ANSWER: humoral; neural Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor? - CORRECT ANSWER: activation of mRNA synthesis What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells? - CORRECT ANSWER: phosphorylation of intracellular proteins The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to - CORRECT ANSWER: bind to and activate protein kinase All of the following characteristics of hormones except - CORRECT ANSWER: Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels? - CORRECT ANSWER: acute hormone secretion Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time? - CORRECT ANSWER: chronic hormone secretion Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH- binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein? - CORRECT ANSWER: Normal free TH levels, and low bound TH levels Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWER: Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear Compounds released from cells that influence the same cell are called _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER: autocrine chemical messengers Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWER: Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by - CORRECT ANSWER: LH (luteinizing hormone) If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, all of the following effects are seen, except - CORRECT ANSWER: increased uptake of glucose to cells Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWER: lipotropins ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to - CORRECT ANSWER: increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids What role does oxytocin play in lactation? - CORRECT ANSWER: ejection of milk Which pancreatic cells is correctly matched to its secretion? - CORRECT ANSWER: alpha cells - glucagon All of the following are changes due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions, except - CORRECT ANSWER: inability to regulate blood glucose levels Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER: stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy Which of the following is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER: Smooth A doctor performing an autopsy on a patient concludes that part of the brain was likely damaged by trauma due to a large population of which type of cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: microglia During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER: One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells? - CORRECT ANSWER: stratum spinosum Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily shattered? - CORRECT ANSWER: Collagen The targeted response of the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER: the breakdown of fat in adipose tissues What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? - CORRECT ANSWER: cellular Which sentence best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER: Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn? - CORRECT ANSWER: a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis Which class of chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic clefts to activate an adjacent cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: Neurotransmitter Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe? - CORRECT ANSWER: Cavity Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: Oxidative phosphorylation What type of axons is found in a gray ramus comunicans? - CORRECT ANSWER: unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons Deep means - CORRECT ANSWER: Away from the surface Electrolytes are substances that - CORRECT ANSWER: conduct electricity when dissolved in water A group of water molecules are held together by - CORRECT ANSWER: hydrogen bonds Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions a. temp b. concentration of reactants c. presence of catalysts d. presence of enzymes Which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to? - CORRECT ANSWER: protein a base is a proton - CORRECT ANSWER: acceptor An organic molecule such as a vitamin that makes an enzyme functional is called a/an - CORRECT ANSWER: coenzyme What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER: peptide bond Which of the following is determined by a sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER: primary structure of protein Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER: protection The pH value - CORRECT ANSWER: is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions A neutral atom will become a cation if it - CORRECT ANSWER: loses electrons An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have - CORRECT ANSWER: 20 Neutrons Carbon dioxide is considered a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER: molecule and a compund Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER: ATP+H2O->P1+energy Nucleotides - CORRECT ANSWER: are the building blocks of nucleic acids Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER: are an important component of cell membranes In ionic bonding - CORRECT ANSWER: electrons are transferred from one atom to another Which of the following statements is false? - CORRECT ANSWER: Water evaporation heats the body Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35 - CORRECT ANSWER: an imbalance called acidosis results Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? (it's squished and deformed) - CORRECT ANSWER: hypertonic solution The plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell Which of the following terms does NOT relate to the mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER: vitamin A storage Cytokinesis is completed at the end of this phase - CORRECT ANSWER: telophase which of the following is NOT a G-protein complex protein? - CORRECT ANSWER: delta All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT - CORRECT ANSWER: phagocytosis Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER: provide structure and support of the cytoplasm Portions of pre-mRNA that do NOT code for parts of a protein are called - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these except exons do not code for parts of a protein introns start codons stop codons A cell can meet increased energy demands by an increase in - CORRECT ANSWER: the number of mitochondria The __________ contains the genetic information of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER: nuclueus A mitochondrial disease is passed to offspring via the father - CORRECT ANSWER: false The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER: diffusion Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these choices are correct: contains DNA Have inner and outer membranes have inner folds called cristae are the cell's power plants The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that - CORRECT ANSWER: the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure What organelles produce most of the cell's energy? - CORRECT ANSWER: mitochondria In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use - CORRECT ANSWER: a transmission electron microscope (TEM) Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubules have extensions that increase their surface are called - CORRECT ANSWER: microvilli Red blood Cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic: What is the condition of the RBC in solution "B"? (the squished RBC again) - CORRECT ANSWER: crenated If an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA), - CORRECT ANSWER: all offspring are carriers In humans, somatic cells have __________ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER: 46; 23 Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as - CORRECT ANSWER: autosomes What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors? - CORRECT ANSWER: hemophillia What term means that both alleles are the same? - CORRECT ANSWER: homozygous Chromosome pairs are called - CORRECT ANSWER: homologous pairs What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs? - CORRECT ANSWER: achondroplasia Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? - CORRECT ANSWER: Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to the sagging of skin When the arrector pili muscles contract - CORRECT ANSWER: B. "goose bumps" form on the skin Which of the following will help cool the body? - CORRECT ANSWER: evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? - CORRECT ANSWER: the epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the - CORRECT ANSWER: dermis Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is - CORRECT ANSWER: they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine animals The vesicles that conatin melanin are - CORRECT ANSWER: melanosomes What type of cancer can actinic keratosis develop into? - CORRECT ANSWER: squamous cell carcinoma the proximal portion of the nail is the - CORRECT ANSWER: nail root Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous? - CORRECT ANSWER: freckles Skin color is the result of the - CORRECT ANSWER: quantity of melanin in the skin One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved? - CORRECT ANSWER: lipid-soluble substances The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the - CORRECT ANSWER: rules of nines Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or - CORRECT ANSWER: eczema In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed? - CORRECT ANSWER: stratum granulosum This condition involves the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss of melanocytes - CORRECT ANSWER: vitiligo Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER: is absent in individuals known as albinos Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER: stratum lucidum In appositional growth of cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER: new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue Ligaments attach - CORRECT ANSWER: bone to bone An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone - CORRECT ANSWER: diaphysis A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a - CORRECT ANSWER: canaliculus Osteomyelitis is - CORRECT ANSWER: bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone resorption called - CORRECT ANSWER: ruffled borders The locations where ossification begins in intramembranous ossification are known as - CORRECT ANSWER: centers of ossification A bone fracture generally found in cildren that is incomplete is a(an) - CORRECT ANSWER: greenstick fracture a bone fracture that does not perforate the skin is a(an) - CORRECT ANSWER: closed fracture What is the long end of the bone? - CORRECT ANSWER: epiphysis Osteomalacia is - CORRECT ANSWER: a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion The type of lamallae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is - CORRECT ANSWER: interstitial Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification? - CORRECT ANSWER: Trabecular bone is formed How does the cardiovascular system contribute to osterporosis - CORRECT ANSWER: blood clotting starts repair process The covering of the outer surface of bone is the - CORRECT ANSWER: periosteum What is the site of long bone growth - CORRECT ANSWER: epiphyseal plate Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true? - CORRECT ANSWER: when blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity in creases An example of a saddle joint is the - CORRECT ANSWER: carpometacarpal joint Which of the following movements does not occur at the knee joint? - CORRECT ANSWER: abduction The opposite of retraction is - CORRECT ANSWER: protraction The opposite of extension is - CORRECT ANSWER: flexion Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location? - CORRECT ANSWER: Ellipsoid- between femur and tibia A synchondrosis - CORRECT ANSWER: may be temporary a joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a - CORRECT ANSWER: fibrous joint A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his - CORRECT ANSWER: shoulder Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called - CORRECT ANSWER: supination The opposite of supination is - CORRECT ANSWER: pronation Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called - CORRECT ANSWER: rotation a biaxial joint has movement - CORRECT ANSWER: around two axes at right angles to one another Which of the following is mismatched? - CORRECT ANSWER: hip joint- cruciate ligaments Synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints - CORRECT ANSWER: are enclosed by a joint capsule The parietal peritoneum is - CORRECT ANSWER: the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities Complete tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER: is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations Which of the following statements concerning types of muscle contractions is false? - CORRECT ANSWER: In isometric contractions, the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant A proper definition of muscle tone is - CORRECT ANSWER: constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time Intense exercise that results in a great deal of anaerobic activity - CORRECT ANSWER: increases muscular strength and mass Physiological contracture - CORRECT ANSWER: is a condition in which cross-bridges cannot release Multiunit smooth muscle is located in the - CORRECT ANSWER: wall of blood vessels The region of the sarcomere that contains both actin and mysin myofilaments is called the - CORRECT ANSWER: A band Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: moving your feet in walking Depolarization of the cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of - CORRECT ANSWER: sodium ions T tubules are invaginations of the - CORRECT ANSWER: sarcolemma Identify the statement concerning skeletal muscle that is true - CORRECT ANSWER: It is responsible for locomotion What is the role of myosin phosphatase - CORRECT ANSWER: enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the - CORRECT ANSWER: original polarity of the cell is restored Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true? - CORRECT ANSWER: They split ATP rapidly In order to put on a glove, the fingers are abducted by hand muscles called the - CORRECT ANSWER: dorsal interossei The flexion of the elbow represents a - CORRECT ANSWER: Class III lever system Which back muscle extends the head? - CORRECT ANSWER: logissimus capitis The digastric muscle is involved in - CORRECT ANSWER: opening the mouth Which of the following is a group of muscles in the thigh? - CORRECT ANSWER: quadriceps femoris The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the - CORRECT ANSWER: levator ani and coccygeus muscles Muscles that can change the shape of the tongue are called - CORRECT ANSWER: intrinsic muscles Flexion of the thigh is a movement produced by the - CORRECT ANSWER: psoas major and iliacus Damage to the muscle called the levator ani would result in - CORRECT ANSWER: difficult defecation and decreased support for the pelvic viscera Which muscle retracts, rotates, and fixes the scapula? - CORRECT ANSWER: rhomboideus major Which of the following muscles is named for its location? - CORRECT ANSWER: quadriceps femoris In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the __________ muscle group is used - CORRECT ANSWER: suprahyoid The largest buttocks muscle is the - CORRECT ANSWER: gluteus maximus The thenar muscles are involved in controlling the _______; the hypthenar muscles control the _________. - CORRECT ANSWER: thumb; little finger Facial muscles are unusual in that they - CORRECT ANSWER: insert and sometimes originate on the skin and connective tissue All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm. Which is a lateral rotator of the arm? - CORRECT ANSWER: deltoid Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps group? - CORRECT ANSWER: biceps femoris Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways? - CORRECT ANSWER: Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills? - CORRECT ANSWER: central nervous system Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called - CORRECT ANSWER: nodes of Ranvier A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called - CORRECT ANSWER: an all-or-none response Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form - CORRECT ANSWER: oscillatory circuits In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because - CORRECT ANSWER: there is prolonged, elevated permeability to potassium during repolarization If the EFC around a nerve cell is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains potassium ions and other solutes at concentrations very close to the ECF concentrations of a normal cell, the result is - CORRECT ANSWER: resting membrane potential close to it's normal value What inhibitory neurotransmitter is blocked in strychnine poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER: glycine an IPSP is inhibitory because it - CORRECT ANSWER: hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane In hyperpolarization - CORRECT ANSWER: K+ ions tend to diffuse of the the cell An action potential - CORRECT ANSWER: occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level The nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these choice are correct: monitors internal and external stimuil transmits information in the form of action potentials interprets or assesses information maintains homeostasis Axons - CORRECT ANSWER: have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic termials The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are - CORRECT ANSWER: multipolar When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the - CORRECT ANSWER: original polarity of the neuron is restored A nurse is caring for a patient who exhibits the following symptoms: (1) inability to maintain balance while walking (2) normal intelligence (3) can initiate voluntary movements although they are somewhat uncoordinated (4) decreased tone int he skeletal muscles The patients probably suffering from a condition that affected the - CORRECT ANSWER: cerebellum Damage to Wernicke area would result in - CORRECT ANSWER: aphasia Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER: inferior oblique muscle Which of the following definitions best describes the timbre of sounds? - CORRECT ANSWER: resonance quality Increase in the distance from the eye to the near point of vision can be caused by - CORRECT ANSWER: the lens becoming more rigid with age Depth perception - CORRECT ANSWER: is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance Which of the following is (are) associated with the retina - CORRECT ANSWER: rods and cones An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes is called a - CORRECT ANSWER: sty Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic - CORRECT ANSWER: iris The malleus, incus, and stapes - CORRECT ANSWER: transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window Which of the following is correctly matched? - CORRECT ANSWER: iris-sphincter pupillae Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain: (1) olfactory bulb (2) olfactory cortex (3) olfactory epithelium (4) olfactory tract - CORRECT ANSWER: 3,1,4,2 Some thyroid disorders are characterized by an increase in the width of the palpebral fissure. This would be an increase in the distance between the - CORRECT ANSWER: eyelids What molecule is activated from the binding of an odorantto transmembranous receptor molecules on olfactory hairs - CORRECT ANSWER: G protein Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include - CORRECT ANSWER: hearing impairment Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? - CORRECT ANSWER: refraction of light rays The correct pathway from impulses leaving the retina is - CORRECT ANSWER: photorecepotrs, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve When you try to focus on the tip of your nose - CORRECT ANSWER: the lens becomes more spherical For distant vision, - CORRECT ANSWER: the ciliary muscles are relaxed To focus on objects closer than 20 feet - CORRECT ANSWER: the ciliary muscles must contract Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are the only nerve cells in direct contact with the outside environment - CORRECT ANSWER: smell John sees Marth; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is (are) involved? - CORRECT ANSWER: sympathetic division Sympathetic preganglionic axons - CORRECT ANSWER: can synapse in either chain or collateral ganglia The two divisions of the ANS have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT - CORRECT ANSWER: the diameter of the blood vessels in skeletal muscles The _____________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions - CORRECT ANSWER: parasympathetic How does distribution of sympathetic nerves differ from the distribution of parasympathetic nerves - CORRECT ANSWER: Spinal nerves contain sympathetic fibers, while cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the - CORRECT ANSWER: thoracic and lumbar regions If acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER: G proteins mediate the cell's response Parasympathetic preganglionic axons from the sacral region of the spinal cord course through______ nerves that innervate the ______. - CORRECT ANSWER: pelvic; lower colon and reproductive glands Autonomic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER: are integrated somewhere in the CNS Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except - cranial nerves What type of reflex operates independently of the CNS? - CORRECT ANSWER: local reflex When a person consumes a substantial amount of nicotine, the response - both increases parasympathetic responses and increases sympathetic responses Acetylcholine will cause the pupil of the eye to constrict. A drug acts on receptors of acetylcholine to cause the pupils of the eye to dilate. Nicotine does not bind to receptors in smooth muscle cells of the iris. Therefore, the drug which causes the pupils to dilate is a - CORRECT ANSWER: muscarinic blocking agent When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER: G proteins mediate the cell's response What part of the brain is in overall control of the ANS - CORRECT ANSWER: hypothalamus When acetylcholine binds with nicotinic receptors, the response is - CORRECT ANSWER: excitatory In the sympathetic division of the ANS - the preganglionic cell body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need binding protein for transport in the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER: lipid-soluble Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called - conjugation How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream? - CORRECT ANSWER: as free hormones Phosphodiesterase functions - CORRECT ANSWER: to inactivate cyclic AMP