Straighterline Pharmacology101 Nutrition midterm & final exam, English composition Final E, Exams of Biology

Download Straighterline Pharmacology101 Nutrition midterm & final exam, English composition Final E and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! StraighterLine English Composition 102 Graded Final Quiz 10.1: Classification 30.00 out of 30.00 (100%) Question Comect 3.00 points out of 3.00 y Fieg question Question Comect 3.00 points out of 3.00 p Feo question Question Correct 3.00 points out of3.00 Remove flag In order to have the organization of Gracie's essay match the organizational framework in her current thesis statement, Gracie would need to arrange her ideas in the following manner: Select one © a. She would not need to rearrange her paragraphs; the organizational structure is fine as is. © b. Body Paragraph #1: dry snow Body Paragraph #2: wet snow Body Paragraph #3: medium-wet snow © _¢. Body Paragraph #1: wet snow Body Paragraph #2: medium-wet snow Body Paragraph #3: dry snow © 4. Body Paragraph #1: wet snow Body Paragraph #2: dry snow Body Paragraph #3: medium-wet snow ‘The correct answer is: Body Paragraph #1: wet snow Body Paragraph #2: medium-wet snow Body Paragraph #3: dry snow This statement works well for the conclusion because it brings new information, an essential component of developing a strong concluding paragraph: While driving in the snow is often difficult and downright dangerous, having the opportunities to have snowballl fights and build snow creatures makes up for it. Select one © Te @ Falsey The correct answer is 'False’ Since Gracie is writing an academic essay and needs to make her ideas clear, she needs to revise the following sentence: It always amazes me when people get excited about the snow because for me, it's commonplace. What does she need to do? Select one: @ a. Replace the contraction it's with © b. Change the word "gets" to "got" © ©. Eliminate "it always amazes me when" le} 4d. Revise the entire sentence so it reads: Though it is mind-boggling, people maintain their enthusiasm about snow; however, for me, it's nothing more than a commonplace experience. ‘The correct answer is: Replace the contraction it's with “it is"  d. immediately following exercise (7) What is the first step in the production of energy from food? a. anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm (8) A cell's genetic material is contained in its b. nucleus. (9) The primary functions of epithelial tissue in the lining of the respiratory tract are to c. hold internal structures together and facilitate movement. (10) What happens in the human body when too much Vitamin C is consumed via supplements? d. It is excreted in the feces and urine. (11) What substances manufactured by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers in the body? c. hormones (12) What is the term for the partially digested food mixture as it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine? a. chyme (13) How does the body regulate blood glucose levels after a meal? c. Insulin is released from the pancreas. (14) Which of these is the only animal-derived food that contains a significant amount of carbohydrates? c. milk (15) Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrate? c. amylase (16) What product is formed as a result of the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrates are not available to the body? b. ketones (17) Which type of fats can raise the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in the blood? a. saturated (18) Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? d. blood pressure >139/89 mg HG (19) If a 100-calorie serving of food has 10 grams of fat, what percentage of the calories in that food is fat? a. 90% (20) Plant proteins are considered incomplete when they are missing which of these? d. essential amino acids (21) Edema can be caused by a lack of which substance in the bloodstream? c. protein (22) The enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the c. stomach (23) Based on the RDA, how many grams of protein would a healthy 125-pound woman need daily? a. 46 b. cardiovascular c. endocrine d. lymphatic Feedback The correct answer is: endocrine Question3 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is not true about android obesity? Select one: a. It is upper body obesity. b. High testosterone levels encourage it. c. A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it. d. It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Feedback The correct answer is: A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it. Question4 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true about the use of medications that lower blood cholesterol levels? Select one: a. They often are helpful for persons who have had a heart attack or have cardiovascular disease or diabetes. b. They should be used by anyone with a high blood cholesterol level. c. They have few side effects. d. When one takes these, dietary changes are not necessary. Feedback The correct answer is: They often are helpful for persons who have had a heart attack or have cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Question5 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Glucose also is known as Select one: a. levulose. b. ribose. c. maltose. d. dextrose. Feedback The correct answer is: dextrose. Question6 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true regarding bile? Select one: a. It is secreted in response to the presence of carbohydrates in the small intestine. b. It stimulates the release of pancreatic juices. c. It is produced by the liver. d. It is a hormone. Feedback The correct answer is: It is produced by the liver. Question7 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Margaret, an elderly woman, needs to limit her kcalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Keeping in mind MyPyramid, which of the following could she do? Select one: a. Eliminate carbohydrate. b. Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcalories. c. Count kcalories and not worry about the food groups. d. Eliminate dairy foods. Feedback The correct answer is: Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcalories. Question11 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text All of the following are characteristic of cholesterol except Select one: a. it is used for making estrogen and testosterone. b. it is converted to bile. c. it is incorporated into cell membranes. d. it is an essential nutrient. Feedback The correct answer is: it is an essential nutrient. Question12 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 5.00 Remove flag Question text Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat? Select one: a. Body mass index b. Bioelectrical impedance c. Skinfolds d. Underwater weighing Feedback The correct answer is: Body mass index Question13 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text When eating a high-fiber diet one should Select one: a. restrict fluid intake. b. not be concerned about consuming large amounts. c. avoid foods that are not whole grain. d. increase fluid intake. Feedback The correct answer is: increase fluid intake. Question14 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text All of the following are characteristics of heartburn except which one? Select one: a. It is a gnawing pain in the upper chest. b. It is caused by a backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. c. It can damage the esophagus because it has no mucus lining to protect the esophagus. Question18 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text What vitamin plays an essential role in amino acid metabolism? Select one: a. Thiamin b. Pyridoxine c. Riboflavin d. Niacin Feedback The correct answer is: Pyridoxine Question19 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine? Select one: a. Salivary amylase b. Bicarbonate c. Pancreatic proteases d. Pancreatic amylase Feedback The correct answer is: Pancreatic amylase Question20 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond? Select one: a. Saturated b. Hydrogenated c. Monounsaturated d. Polyunsaturated Feedback The correct answer is: Monounsaturated Question21 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Kwashiorkor usually is associated with a deficiency of Select one: a. carbohydrate. b. fat. c. protein. d. kcalories. Feedback The correct answer is: protein. Question22 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true about the North American diet? Select one: a. Most of our protein comes from plant sources. b. Approximately half of our carbohydrates come from simple sugars. c. vegetables and nuts. d. vegetables and seeds. Feedback The correct answer is: legumes and grains. Question26 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The RDAs are considered to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of Select one: a. all persons except the very young and very old. b. all persons except pregnant and lactating women. c. nearly all healthy persons. d. all persons diseased and healthy. Feedback The correct answer is: nearly all healthy persons. Question27 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following act as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins required to perform specific body tasks? Select one: a. RNA b. Cells c. Organs d. DNA Feedback The correct answer is: DNA Question28 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following has been set for vitamin D, fluoride, and biotin? Select one: a. Minimum requirements b. RDAs c. AIs d. Reference Daily Intakes Feedback The correct answer is: AIs Question29 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is not true about water? Select one: a. Provides energy b. Provides a way to transport nutrients and waste c. By-product of cell chemical reactions d. Dietary need of approximately 9-13 cups per day Feedback The correct answer is: Provides energy Question30 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 The correct answer is: The autonomic nervous system regulates the rate and force of the contractions of the heart. Question 3 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text During the “fight or flight” reaction, sympathetic nerves become active and release _____. Select one: a. serotonin b. gamma-aminobutyric acid c. norepinephrine d. acetylcholine Feedback The correct answer is: norepinephrine Question 4 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)? Select one: a. The effect of using ARBs is similar to the effect of using the ACE inhibitors except that ARBs do not increase bradykinin. b. The effect of using ARBs is similar to the effect of using the ACE inhibitors except that ARBs do not decrease pre- and afterload. c. The effect of using ARBs is similar to the effect of using the ACE inhibitors except that ARBs do not increase cardiac output. d. The effect of using ARBs is similar to the effect of using the ACE inhibitors except that ARBs only decrease preload and not afterload. Feedback The correct answer is: The effect of using ARBs is similar to the effect of using the ACE inhibitors except that ARBs do not increase bradykinin. Question 5 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following loop diuretics has the shortest duration of action? Select one: a. Torsemide (Demadex) b. Furosemide (Lasix) c. Bumetanide (Bumex) d. Eplerenone (Inspra) Feedback The correct answer is: Bumetanide (Bumex) Question 6 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text How do thiazides and loop diuretics differ in their mechanisms of action? Select one: a. They have different outcomes in the context of sodium retention. b. They act at different sites in the kidney. c. Thiazides are more potent than loop diuretics. d. Thiazides cause hypokalemia, while loop diuretics cause hyperkalemia. Feedback The correct answer is: They act at different sites in the kidney. Question 7 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of Class 2 antiarrhythmic drugs? Select one: a. They tend to shorten the cardiac refractory period. b. They increase the excitability, conduction, and automaticity of ventricular muscle. d. Nadolol and isosorbide dinitrate Feedback The correct answer is: Nadolol and isosorbide dinitrate Question 11 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text A unique property of osmotic diuretics is that: Select one: a. they can neither be filtered by the glomerulus nor be reabsorbed in the renal tubules. b. they can be filtered by the glomerulus and be reabsorbed in the renal tubules. c. they can be filtered by the glomerulus but not be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. d. they cannot be filtered by the glomerulus but can be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Feedback The correct answer is: they can be filtered by the glomerulus but not be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Question 12 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text What are the two mechanisms by which sodium ions can be reabsorbed along the nephron? Select one: a. Anion exchange and chloride ion transport b. Anion exchange and sodium ion transport c. Cation exchange and chloride ion transport d. Cation exchange and sodium ion transport Feedback The correct answer is: Cation exchange and chloride ion transport Question 13 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Under the influence of the pituitary antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Select one: a. water molecules migrate away from the sodium ions in the blood. b. urine volume decreases. c. the reabsorption of water is inhibited. d. potassium ions maintain the plasma volume and water balance. Feedback The correct answer is: urine volume decreases. Question 14 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Mark suffers from mild hypertension. Which of the following is best suited to treat his condition? Select one: a. Diuretics b. Diazoxide c. Sodium Nitroprusside d. Vasodilators Feedback The correct answer is: Diuretics Question 15 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of sodium nitroprusside (Nipride)? Select one: a. Sodium nitroprusside is administered by slow intravenous infusion. b. The duration of action of sodium nitroprusside is short, usually 1 to 5 minutes. c. The normal dose of sodium nitroprusside is approximately 3 mcg per kg per minute. Flag question Question text Daily co-administration of both aspirin and ibuprofen can _____ the overall antiplatelet effects of aspirin because _____. Select one: a. cancel; ibuprofen is a COX-1 inhibitor and can occupy the same enzymatic site in the platelets but does not have the ability to alter the active site on COX or inhibit thromboxane production b. increase; ibuprofen is a COX-1 enhancer and has the ability to alter the active site on COX and inhibit thromboxane production c. delay; aspirin interferes with ibuprofen's inactivation of COX-1 enzyme d. have no effect on; ibuprofen seldom interferes with platelet aggregation Feedback The correct answer is: cancel; ibuprofen is a COX-1 inhibitor and can occupy the same enzymatic site in the platelets but does not have the ability to alter the active site on COX or inhibit thromboxane production Question 20 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text The formation of _____ practically guarantees the clotting cascade to proceed. Select one: a. clotting factor VIII b. vitamin K c. Stuart factor d. thromboplastin Feedback The correct answer is: thromboplastin Question 21 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Rhabdomyolysis is considered to be a serious side effect of statin medications because: Select one: a. immunoglobulin molecules can disrupt blood flow and cause renal failure. b. myoglobin molecules can disrupt blood flow to kidneys and cause renal failure. c. immunoglobulin molecules can disrupt blood flow and cause an aneurism. d. myoglobin molecules can disrupt blood flow and cause myocardial infarction. Feedback The correct answer is: myoglobin molecules can disrupt blood flow to kidneys and cause renal failure. Question 22 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Why is unstable plaque more dangerous than stable plaque? Select one: a. Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with an increased likelihood of hemorrhage that can lead to shock. b. Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with an increased likelihood of hemorrhage that can lead to arrhythmias. c. Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with thrombus formation that can cause hypertension. d. Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with thrombus formation that can block blood flow and tissue oxygenation. Feedback The correct answer is: Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with thrombus formation that can block blood flow and tissue oxygenation. Question 23 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Identify the correct definition of the term "hypochromic" by breaking the word into its component parts. Select one: a. "Hypo-" refers to less than normal and "-chromic" means size. b. "Hypo-" refers to more than normal and "-chromic" means color. c. "Hypo-" refers to less than normal and "-chromic" means color. d. None of these are correct. Flag question Question text Select the correct statement related to the mechanism of action of steroids. Select one: a. Steroids work as anti-inflammatory agents to inhibit the activation of arachidonic acid. b. The major effect of steroids in the treatment of asthma is to inhibit the inflammatory process. c. Steroids act to decrease the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. d. All of these are correct. Feedback The correct answer is: All of these are correct. Question 28 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text What is the significant therapeutic aim in treating COPD? Select one: a. To inhibit the production of mucus b. To improve lung function c. To liquefy mucus and thus eliminate mucus from the lungs d. All of these Feedback The correct answer is: To improve lung function Question 29 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Select the correct statement related to the bronchodilators salmeterol and formoterol. Select one: a. Salmeterol and formoterol are administered as oral tablets, have an immediate onset of action, and have a duration of action of 12 hours. b. Salmeterol and formoterol are administered by nebulization, have an immediate onset of action, and have a duration of action of 4 to 6 hours. c. Salmeterol and formoterol are administered by inhalation, have an onset of action of 10 to 20 minutes, and have a duration of action of 12 hours. d. None of these are correct. Feedback The correct answer is: Salmeterol and formoterol are administered by inhalation, have an onset of action of 10 to 20 minutes, and have a duration of action of 12 hours. Question 30 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Select the drug agent that is used to treat allergic rhinitis from the following list of corticosteroids that are administered by oral inhalation or by nasal spray. Select one: a. Aerobid b. Pulmicort c. Azmacort d. Flonase Feedback The correct answer is: Flonase Question 31 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Select the statement that correctly outlines the synthesis process of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Select one: a. During inflammation, phospholipase A stimulates the release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane. Cyclooxygenase converts arachidonic acid into several different prostaglandins. At the same time, lipoxygenase converts arachidonic acid into the leukotrienes. b. During inflammation, phospholipase A stimulates the release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane. Lipoxygenase converts arachidonic acid into several different prostaglandins. At the same time, cyclooxygenase converts arachidonic acid into the leukotrienes. d. Headache Feedback The correct answer is: Constipation Question 35 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is not a common cause of peptic ulcers? Select one: a. Overproduction of inhibitory enzyme to stop acid secretion b. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) c. Excess gastric acid secretion d. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Feedback The correct answer is: Overproduction of inhibitory enzyme to stop acid secretion Question 36 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Gastric juices are released during the gastric phase when the _____. Select one: a. chyme or partially digested foods enter the intestine. b. adrenergic receptors on parietal cells are stimulated. c. brain receives sensory input. d. stomach distends. Feedback The correct answer is: stomach distends. Question 37 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Select the statement that best describes the reason why antidiarrheals containing atropine should not be used by patients who have glaucoma. Select one: a. Anticholinergic drugs may damage the ciliary cells in the eye. b. Anticholinergic drugs may increase intraocular pressure by reducing anterior chamber drainage in patients with glaucoma. c. Anticholinergic drugs may increase the density of the vitreous humor and lead to lowered intraocular pressure. d. None of these are correct. Feedback The correct answer is: Anticholinergic drugs may increase intraocular pressure by reducing anterior chamber drainage in patients with glaucoma. Question 38 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following drugs is a serotonin receptor antagonist? Select one: a. Atropine b. Granisetron c. Loperamide d. Diphenoxylate Feedback The correct answer is: Granisetron Question 39 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Identify the long-term impact of chronic diarrhea. Select one: a. Accumulation of sodium and potassium in the blood b. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance c. Relaxation of the external anal sphincter due to weakening of impulses from the brain d. All of these Noah, a 42-year-old, consults Dr. Miller as he has enlarged bones in his hands and feet. Dr. Miller diagnoses him with acromegaly and prescribes lanreotide to him. Dr. Miller should consider switching Noah to octreopeptide if Noah has _____. Select one: a. stents in his blood vessels b. carcinoid tumors c. adrenal insufficiency d. Cushing's disease Feedback The correct answer is: carcinoid tumors Question 44 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following hormones is acutely regulated through a positive feedback loop? Select one: a. Antidiuretic hormone b. Oxytocin c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone d. Cortisol Feedback The correct answer is: Oxytocin Question 45 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Repository preparations of drugs: Select one: a. have a quick onset of action. b. have a long duration of action. c. are usually made for intravenous administration. d. are water soluble. Feedback The correct answer is: have a long duration of action. Question 46 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of gluconeogenesis? Select one: a. Gluconeogenesis refers to the synthesis of glucose from carbohydrates. b. Gluconeogenesis refers to the process of converting glycerol and amino acids into glucose. c. Gluconeogenesis primarily occurs in the skeletal muscles. d. Gluconeogenesis leads to a decrease in plasma glucose concentration. Feedback The correct answer is: Gluconeogenesis refers to the process of converting glycerol and amino acids into glucose. Question 47 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of the mechanism of action of aldosterone? Select one: a. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water; in exchange, potassium ions are transported into the urine. b. Aldosterone increases the discharge of sodium ions and water into the urine. c. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of potassium ions and water; in exchange, sodium ions are transported into the urine. d. None of these are correct. Feedback The correct answer is: Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water; in exchange, potassium ions are transported into the urine. Question 48 Correct 4.00 points out of 4.00 Flag question Question text Identify an adverse effect of glucocorticoids.