Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts from Hippocrates to Neuroplasticity, Study notes of Psychology

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Psyc 100 Study Guide for Exam 1 Names to know: Hippocrates, Gall, Wundt, Freud, Jung, Bowlby, Harlow, Ainsworth, Piaget, Spelke

1. Chapter 1 a. Origins of Psychological science i. Assumptions of ancient Greek scientists ii. Mind-body problem iii. Scientific method iv. Birth of Psychology: Phrenology, Functionalism, Introspection b. Categories of data collection (descriptive, experimental) – c. Methods: descriptive, experimental (know each) i. Data analysis (correlation, inferential statistics) ii. Interpretation issues
2. Chapter 2 Personality d. Psychodynamic theories – Freud, Jung e. Five Factor model i. Gosling study f. Personality and Heredity i. Nature and Nurture and “tabula rasa) ii. Temperament – Caspi et al and Dunedin Longitudinal Study iii. Temperament and genetics – Bouchard and Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart g. Environmental influences i. Reciprocol determinism ii. Non-shared environment iii. Power of parents iv. Power of peers v.Influence of culture (no lecture) h. Inner Experience and personality i. Humanist Psychology (no lecture) ii. Positive Psychology i. Brain and personality i. Phineas Gage ii. Localization of function
3. Chapter 3. Development j. Prenatal – influences k. Newborn reflexes l. Effects of culture on development m. Attachment - Bowlby i. Contact comfort and Harlow’s experiments ii. Stranger anxiety and Ainsworth experiments iii. Types of attachment n. Cognition

i. Language (stages of development)

1. Evidence for LAD (feral child, Nicaraguan sign language)
2. Evidence for learning
3. Thought and language – Hespos & Spelke study, ii. Thinking
4. Piaget’s stages and evidence
5. Preferential looking paradigm
6. Current views and evidence (Sally-Ann study; Baillargeon studies on infant knowledge of physics) iii. Moral reasoning
7. Stages
8. Teaching moral behavior (power assertion; induction)
9. Kochanska & Knaack (2003) study on teaching moral reasoning iv. Gender identity (no lecture) v.Old age (no lecture in 002) vi. Resilience (no lecture in 002)
10. Chapter 4 o. Nervous system – CNS, PNS p. CNS – brain, spinal cord q. Spinal cord – reflex arc r. Brain – neurons and glia s. Neuron – parts and function t. Glia and myelin u. Synapses and synaptic transmission v. Resting membrane potential w. Action Potential – role of sodium and sodium-potassium pump x. http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/actionpotential.swf y. Neurotransmitters z. Gross Brain Anatomy i. Gray matter ii. White matter iii. Plasticity in gray and white matter
11. “enriched environment” cortical thickness, synapses
12. Deafferentation (loss of sensory input to neurons in the brain) and cortical plasticity (e.g. phantom limb)
13. Phantom limbs and plasticity
14. Constraint-Induced Therapy for cortical lesions
15. Axonal sprouting around cortical lesion (Dancause study)
16. Plasticity from training (Draganski juggling study)