Study Guide for Developmental Psychology Exam: Topics Covered in Chapters 8 and 9 - Prof. , Study notes of Psychology

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STUDY GUIDE FOR THE FOURTH EXAM

Chapter 8: Two trends of physical development Assimilation vs. accommodation Whether physical development can be accelerated Habituation Infant temperament (& its prediction of later problems) Harlow’s research & the basis for bonding Two necessary social contacts for rhesus monkeys as per Harlow Stranger & separation anxiety Ainsworth’s styles of attachment (& which is most common) Father’s vs. mother’s relationships with their children Piaget’s four stages (& the milestones achieved during each) Limitations in thinking at each of the first three stages Characteristics of teenage (early formal operational) thinking Cross-cultural research on Piaget’s theory The major source of a child’s socialization Types of parents Effects of excessive television watching Chapter 9: The lifespan approach to development Erikson’s “8 stages of man” (& problems of each) Kohlberg’s three levels of moral reasoning Gilligan’s criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory The basis for friendship among teenagers Characteristics of middle-adulthood (e.g., menopause) Why there are gender differences in college graduation rates Primary & secondary signs of aging Tests on which older adults surpass younger adults Risk factors associated with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease Dementia & percentage attributable to Alzheimer’s disease The most stressful life event for adults Kubler-Ross’ five stages of reaction to a terminal illness Early maturation effects for males & females Non-traditional students’ graduation rates Effect of college on formal operational thinking

Myths about the elderly Chapter 11: How XY embryos develop primary male sex characteristics Primary vs. secondary sex characteristics Bem’s theory of androgyny Evolutionary theory & mating strategies How Eagly & Wood explain differences in mating strategies Gender differences in cognitive abilities Gender differences in direct (overt) & indirect aggression Masters & Johnson’s research Four phases in the sexual response cycle The APA’s view of homosexuality Homophobia Sexual disorders (of desire, arousal, & orgasm) The most common sexual dysfunctions for men & women What causes AIDS Sexual violence against women on college campuses (& the substance often involved) Theories of gender role development (especially gender schema) Whether there is a greater difference in intellect between the genders or within the genders Curable vs. noncurable sexually-transmitted diseases Gender role vs. gender identity