Download Biology M01, R101, and BIO010 Exam Review: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
STUDY REVIEW FOR BIOLOGY M01,BIOLOGY
R101,AND BIO010,LATEST EXAM 2 2025 WITH
MULTIPLE CHOICE OF QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLVED SOLUTIONS ALREADY
GRADED A+ AND 100% GUARANTEE PASS
(JUST RELEASED!!!!!)
During prophase, duplicate chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- consist of nucleoproteins, contain centromeres, consist of chromatids A duplicated chromosome has _____ chromatid(s). - CORRECT ANSWER-two After mitosis, the chromosome number of a daughter cell is _______ the parent cell's. - CORRECT ANSWER-the same as During the S period of interphase - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesis (or replication) of the DNA takes place Chromosomes separate during - CORRECT ANSWER-anaphase Centrioles and a starburst cluster of spindle fibers would be found in - CORRECT ANSWER-only animal cells
Mitosis and cytoplasmic division function in _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes; growth, tissue repair, and sometimes asexual reproduction in many multicelled eukaryotes The term "2n" means that - CORRECT ANSWER-the diploid chromosome number is present, within a single nucleus chromosomes exist in homologous pairs In higher animals, meiosis results in the production of - CORRECT ANSWER-egg cells (ova), gametes, sperm cells Recombination of alleles on non-sister chromatids occurs during - CORRECT ANSWER-crossing over If both homologous chromosomes of each pair exist in the same nucleus, that nucleus is - CORRECT ANSWER-diploid A daughter chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-is formed during anaphase II, is the same as a homologous chromosome, is the result of separation of chromatids Gametogenesis in female animals results in - CORRECT ANSWER-one gamete and three polar bodies Generally, a pair of homologous chromosomes ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-carry the same genes; are the same length, shape; interact at meiosis
An example of a trait controlled by multiple alleles is - CORRECT ANSWER-ABO blood typing in humans One of Mendel's principles is the Principle of - CORRECT ANSWER- Segregation What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous X heterozygous monohybrid cross? - CORRECT ANSWER-1:2: What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous recessive X heterozygous cross? - CORRECT ANSWER-1: F1 offspring of the monohybrid cross AA x aa are - CORRECT ANSWER-all purple Second-generation offspring from a cross are the - CORRECT ANSWER-F2 generation Assuming complete dominance will occur, the offspring of the cross Aa x Aa will show a phenotypic ratio of - CORRECT ANSWER-3: An organism that is phenotypically dominant is crossed with a true-breeding recessive organism. Some of the offspring are recessive in appearance. What is the genotype of the dominant parent? - CORRECT ANSWER-Rr
In pea plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (s) , and purple flowers dominant over white flowers. A cross is made between two individuals that are heterozygous for each of these traits. What is the probability of getting a white- flowered wrinkled seed offspring? - CORRECT ANSWER-1/ The Y chromosome is in ____. - CORRECT ANSWER-Sperm Crosses between F1 individuals resulting from the P1 cross AABB x aabb lead to F2 phenotypic ratios close to - CORRECT ANSWER-9:3:3: Mendel's First Law states that: - CORRECT ANSWER-a gamete has an equal probability of possessing either member of an allele pair; alleles segregate at the time of gamete formation If a true-breeding purple-flowered pea plant (purple is dominant to white) is crossed with a true breeding, white- flowered pea plant, which of the following describes the F generation? - CORRECT ANSWER-all purple If the F1 plants in the classic monohybrid cross (purple/white flowers) were crossed with each other, what would be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation plants? - CORRECT ANSWER- 3: What species did Mendel use for his experiments? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pea plants
If a mother has type O blood, which of the following blood types could NOT be present in her children? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type AB A single gene that affects several seemingly unrelated aspects of an individual's phenotype is said to be ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-pleiotropic Suppose two individuals, each heterozygous for the same characteristic, are crossed. The characteristic involves incomplete dominance. The expected phenotype ratio of their progeny is ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-1:2: The mutation that results when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost is called - CORRECT ANSWER-a deletion Only ______ is NOT a stage of mitosis. - CORRECT ANSWER- interphase Mnemonic for the steps of the cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-I Put My Arm There Reproduction in prokaryotes occurs primarily through the process known as - CORRECT ANSWER-fission A somatic cell with two of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species has a (n) _____ chromosome number. - CORRECT ANSWER-diploid
The genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotes is organized into - CORRECT ANSWER-chromosomes In a chromosome, a ________ is a constricted region with attachment sites for microtubules. - CORRECT ANSWER-centromere The product of DNA synthesis, also known as nucleoprotein duplication, is - CORRECT ANSWER-two chromatids Asbestos, radiation, and ultraviolet light are all examples of _____. - CORRECT ANSWER-mutagens A family record that indicates the occurrence of a trait is - CORRECT ANSWER-pedigree Trisomy is a mutation that results in a cell having an extra - CORRECT ANSWER-chromosome An individual with which blood type can receive blood from any donor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type AB An individual with which blood type can blood donate to any donor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type O The probability of a crossover occurring between two genes on the same chromosome is - CORRECT ANSWER-increased if they are farther apart on the chromosome
Nondisjunction involving the X chromosome occurs during oogenesis and produces two kinds of eggs, XX and O (no X chromosome). If normal Y sperm fertilize the two types, which genotypes are possible? - CORRECT ANSWER-XXY and YO Of all phenotypically normal males in prison, the type once thought to be genetically predisposed to becoming criminals was the group with ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-XYY disorder Amniocentesis is _____. - CORRECT ANSWER-used in prenatal diagnosis; a small sample of amniotic fluid is drawn to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embryos binary fission - CORRECT ANSWER-asexual reproduction in which parent organisms, often a single cell, divides into 2 individuals of about equal size chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER-loosely packed fibers; DNA wrapped around clusters of protein (histone); can see during mitosis coiling - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA/chromatin are wrapped around each other to fit into nucleus euchromatin - CORRECT ANSWER-section of chromosome that is read and made into protein product it codes for heterochromatin - CORRECT ANSWER-empty space along DNA
haploid - CORRECT ANSWER-cell that has only one chromosome of each homologous pair diploid - CORRECT ANSWER-zygote; cell that contains both chromosomes of homologous pair homologous pair - CORRECT ANSWER-a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have relatively similar structures and gene values G1 phase - CORRECT ANSWER-general cell growth what is S phase - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesis; where DNA is replicated to give to each new cell G2 - CORRECT ANSWER-growth phase where cell is preparing to divide; needs a lot of energy to split prophase - CORRECT ANSWER-chromsomes condense; centrioles move apart and become poles of division; membrane disappears metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-chromosomes line up in middle of cells anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-chromatids start to move to opposite sides of cell and become individual chromosomes; centromeres split
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER-offspring's phenotype is in between phenotypes of its parents (snapdragons) codominance - CORRECT ANSWER-both alleles expressed in phenotype when both are present (blood type) pleiotropy - CORRECT ANSWER-single gene may affect many phenotypic characteristics (sickle-cell anemia) epistasis - CORRECT ANSWER-homozygous recessive of second gene masks the first gene continuous variation - CORRECT ANSWER-a single characteristic may be influenced by many genes phenotypic plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER-many traits are affected, in varying degrees, by both genetic and environmental factors gene - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA sequence that codes for a protein product location of chlorophyll - CORRECT ANSWER-thylakoid chlorophyll absorbs these two colors of light - CORRECT ANSWER-red and blue When does this occur during photosynthesis? Carbon fixation - CORRECT ANSWER-light-independent reactions
When does this occur during photosynthesis? photolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-light-dependent reactions When does this occur during photosynthesis? ATP production - CORRECT ANSWER-light-dependent reactions When does this occur during photosynthesis? NADPH production - CORRECT ANSWER-light-dependent reactions When does this occur during photosynthesis? glucose production - CORRECT ANSWER-light-independent reactions When does this occur during photosynthesis? ruBISCO - CORRECT ANSWER-light-independent reactions Which is first? Photosystem I or II? - CORRECT ANSWER- Photosystem II Which results in ATP production? Photosystem I or II? - CORRECT ANSWER-Photosystem II Which results in NADPH production? Photosystem I or II? - CORRECT ANSWER-Photosystem I Another name for the light-independent reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Calvin cycle
The second law of thermodynamics (entropy) - CORRECT ANSWER- systems naturally progress from order to disorder The first law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER-energy is neither created nor destroyed Everyone comes in to a discussion of evolution with a pre- formed bias. Name 3 forms of bias mentioned in class. - CORRECT ANSWER-Intelligent design Naturalism Secular humanism Microevolution is closely associated with - CORRECT ANSWER- mutations Macroevolution is closely associated with - CORRECT ANSWER- Speciation Transgenic Plants - CORRECT ANSWER-Plants that incorporate a foreign gene, can be used to make edible vaccines / contains genes from other organisms Human proteins from bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-HCG, Human Insulin, Follicle-stimulating hormone, factor VIII. Restriction Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Recombinant DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms. Two pieces of DNA cut with the same restriction enzyme will be able to re-combine with each other Transformation - CORRECT ANSWER-Introduce a gene for a desired protein product into a plasmid. Bacteria make the protein. How is a plasmid used to get a bacterium to make a human protein? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cut the plasmid,introduce a human gene. Most plasmids will close back up, but some will accept the human gene. Introduce the plasmid to the bacteria. The bacteria will now read the plasmid PCR - CORRECT ANSWER-polymerase chain reaction- DNA is copied multiple times to produce many copies of the original molecules helpful when there's only a small DNA sample. Human Genome Project - CORRECT ANSWER-An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome. Gave us more knowledge of Human genetic diseases Gene therapies,Evolutionary relationships,Cellular functions,Cancer genes. Gene Library - CORRECT ANSWER-A collection of bacterial or phage clones; each contains a portion of the genetic material of
Number of genes in the human genome. - CORRECT ANSWER- 20,000 to 30, Does most of the DNA in the human genome codes for protein?
- CORRECT ANSWER-No, most of the DNA in the human genome does NOT code for proteins. Percentage of base pairs that are the same in every person. - CORRECT ANSWER-99.9% Number of base pairs in the human genome. - CORRECT ANSWER- 3 billion The absence of a Y chromosome allows ____ to develop - CORRECT ANSWER-ovaries
