Surgical Instruments, Procedures, and Terminology, Exams of Banking Law and Practice

Download Surgical Instruments, Procedures, and Terminology and more Exams Banking Law and Practice in PDF only on Docsity! CST Practice, CST Exam, CST EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025 (FULLY SOLVED A+) The plicae circulares, microvilli and villi: Produce bacteria Secrete digestive enzymes • D. Initiate peristalsis Increase absorption area - correct answer -Increase absorption area Which of the following come as numbered sets frequently used in neurosurgical procedures? Penfield dissectors Lacrimal probes Van Buren sounds Hegar dilators - correct answer -Penfield dissectors What pathogen is most commonly associated with surgical wound infections? Klebsiella pneumonia Staphylococcus aureus Bacteroides fragilis Clostridium tetani - correct answer -Staphylococcus aureus Padgett and Reese are types of: Implants Dermatomes Retractors Catheters - correct answer -Dermatomes Which burn degree classification involves erythema without blisters? Third Fourth First Second - correct answer -First What instrument is used to remove plaque during a carotid endarterectomy? Freer Ferris-Smith Potts-Smith Allis - correct answer -Freer Which of the following neuroglia are star-shaped? Dermoid Astrocytes Oligodendroglia Ependyma - correct answer -Astrocytes Which device could be used when placing a patient in the operative position for a thyroidectomy? Shoulder roll Bean bag Axillary roll Chest roll - correct answer -Shoulder roll Which of the following non-invasive diagnostic techniques provides the best imaging of soft tissues? Computed axial tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Isotope scanning Doppler ultrasonography - correct answer -Magnetic resonance imaging Which of the following defines cryptorchidism? Stones Undeveloped testes Impotence Undescended testes - correct answer -Undescended testes What type of procedure is performed to correct panfacial fractures? Palatoplasty Odontectomy Le Fort II Dental implants - correct answer -Le Fort II Which retractor is used to provide exposure for a femoropopliteal bypass? Meyerding Weitlaner Bookwalter Alm - correct answer -Weitlaner Which of the following is a nonadherent, nonpermeable, occlusive surgical dressing? Tegaderm Xeroform Tegasorb Telfa - correct answer -Xeroform A colposcopy may be performed for which of the following conditions? Cervical carcinoma Endometriosis Ectopic pregnancy Menorrhagia - correct answer -Cervical carcinoma The only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood is the: Thoracic aorta Vena cava Pulmonary Coronary - correct answer -Pulmonary Which intravenous drug would be used to reduce intracranial pressure during a craniotomy? Papaverine Mannitol Sorbitol Epinephrine - correct answer -Mannitol Sterile water is used for irrigation during a mastectomy, because it is categorized as which of the following? Isometric Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic - correct answer -Hypotonic Which of the following types of needles would be used for repair of the liver? Blunt Taper Side cutting Reverse cutting - correct answer -Blunt What is the main element of hemoglobin? Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Iron - correct answer -Iron What should be done with a perforating towel clip that has been applied and removed from a sterile drape? Place on sterile backtable Hand off the field to the circulator Place back on drape in another area Discard in sharps container - correct answer -Hand off the field to the circulator In which structure of a eukaryotic cell is DNA contained? thyroidectomy is the: Vagus Trigeminal maxillary Facial Recurrent laryngeal - correct answer -Recurrent laryngeal Which of the following diseases is caused by a pathogen? Scurvy Diabetes Pneumonia Rickets - correct answer -Pneumonia When are sponge and sharp counts performed in the OR? -Before the incision, closure of cavity and skin closure -Before establishing the sterile field and the application of dressings -As soon as the procedure begins and throughout the case -At the beginning and end of the surgical procedure - correct answer -Before the incision, closure of cavity and skin closure Coagulation with the harmonic scalpel is accomplished by the use of: Electrical energy Solar power Argon gas Ultrasonic energy - correct answer -Ultrasonic energy In which surgical procedure would Glisson's capsule be encountered? Subtotal thyroidectomy Partial gastrectomy Hepatic lobectomy Total splenectomy - correct answer -Hepatic lobectomy What is another term for intractable pain due to irritation of the fifth cranial nerve? Bell's palsy Trigeminal neuralgia Craniosynostosis Encephalitis - correct answer -Trigeminal neuralgia Which instrument would be used during a dacryocystorhinostomy? Buckle Keratome Oscillating saw Scleral hooks - correct answer -Oscillating saw Which of the procedures involves moving the ulnar nerve from one location to another? Neurectomy Transfixion Transposition Neurolysis - correct answer -Transposition What is the name of the elastic rolled bandage designed to exsanguinate an extremity before a tourniquet cuff is inflated? Esmarch Ace Kerlix Kling - correct answer -Esmarch Where are carpal bones found? Shoulder Wrist Ankle Knee - correct answer -Wrist Cephalosporins are what classification of drug? Amnesiacs Antagonists Antibiotics Analgesics - correct answer -Antibiotics What is the passive process when there is a greater movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? Filtration Perfusion Diffusion Isotonic - correct answer -Diffusion When two chest tubes are inserted into the pleural cavity after an open cardiovascular procedure, what does the superior tube evacuate? Which positioning device must be attached to the table when the procedure is performed in reverse Trendelenburg? Footboard Wilson frame Stirrup Kidney braces - correct answer -Footboard The organ that is divided into head, neck, body and tail which lies posterior to the stomach is the: Kidney Liver Pancreas Spleen - correct answer -Pancreas What drug may be used to treat an anaphylactic reaction? Antihistamine Antibiotic Anticoagulant Antiarrhythmic - correct answer -Antihistamine Third-degree burn tissue with a charred and pearlywhite appearance is called Necrotic Ischemic Denuded Eschar - correct answer -Eschar Insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump is done to treat patients with a/an: Atrial valve defect Right ventricular failure Left ventricular failure Mitral valve defect - correct answer -Left ventricular failure Which procedure involves the excision of lymphoid tissue superior to the soft palate to facilitate breathing? Adenoidectomy Mastoidectomy Parotidectomy Tonsillectomy - correct answer -Adenoidectomy Which of the following is an indication for a total hip arthroplasty? Femoral fracture Pelvic fracture Effusion Osteoarthritis - correct answer -Osteoarthritis For which of the following do burr holes provide adequate exposure? Meningocele Encephalocele Subdural hematoma Cranialdysraphism - correct answer -Subdural hematoma The venous sinus at the junction of the sclera and cornea is the: Uvea Fovea centralis Macula Canal of Schlemm - correct answer -Canal of Schlemm The principle of personal liability is a legal rule that: -Maintains the hospital is responsible for negligence -Applies only to someone employed outside of a hospital -Prevents malpractice suits against hospital employees -Holds everyone legally responsible for their own negligent acts - correct answer -Holds everyone legally responsible for their own negligent acts The area of the bladder that is formed by the two ureteral orifices and the urethral orifice is known as the: Apex Detrusor Rugae Trigone - correct answer -Trigone Which of the following defines enuresis? Infection Incontinence Pain Toxicity - correct answer -Incontinence Dorsal tendon Palmar fascia Median nerve - correct answer -Palmar fascia The structure anterior to the esophagus and extending from the larynx to T-5 is the Epiglottis Bronchus Pharynx Trachea - correct answer -Trachea Which preoperative drug is delivered transdermally to prevent postoperative nausea? Scopolamine lidocaine Fentanyl Bupivicaine - correct answer -Scopolamine To prevent cross-contamination, masks should only be removed by the: Sides Strings Front Nose piece - correct answer -Strings Which of the following is one of four defects involved in tetralogy of Fallot? Tricuspid atresia Coarctation of the aorta Atrial septal defect Right ventricular hypertrophy - correct answer -Right ventricular hypertrophy Which of the following is used to instill contrast media into the biliary system intraoperatively Tenckhoff Fogarty Angiocath Cholangiocath - correct answer -Cholangiocath Where is central venous pressure measured Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle - correct answer -Right atrium Salping/o is the root word for which anatomical structure? Fallopian tube Cervical os Uterus Ovary - correct answer -Fallopian tube The funnel-shaped distal opening of a fallopian tube is the: Fimbriae Isthmus Infundibulum Cervical os - correct answer -Infundibulum Which part of the microscope is most proximal to the patient? Fiberoptics Beam splitter Objective lens Binoculars - correct answer -Objective lens Which organ is responsible for the synthesis of many of the coagulation factors? Spleen Liver Pancreas Heart - correct answer -Liver The acronym "MAC" denotes what type of anesthesia care? Mixed Monitored Manipulated Managed - correct answer -Monitored Sterile dressing materials should be opened onto the sterile backtable by the: Surgical first assistant Surgical technologist Surgeon Circulator - correct answer -Circulator CO2 Argon Helium - correct answer -CO2 If a sterile package wrapped in pervious woven material drops to the OR floor, the surgical technologist should: -Check the integrity of the package and place back in case cart -Leave it on the floor until the procedure is completed -Examine the package for tears and open onto back table -Break the integrity of the package and discard the item - correct answer -Break the integrity of the package and discard the item The amount of applied tension necessary to break a suture is known as: Knot strength Memory Elasticity Tensile strength - correct answer -Tensile strength Which of the following types of dressings is used when frequent wound inspections are necessary? Pressure Montgomery straps Ostomy bags Stent - correct answer -Montgomery straps In the presence of infection, the absorption rate of plain gut suture is: Increased Not affected Terminated Decreased - correct answer -Increased The outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord is the: Dura mater Pia mater Galea Arachnoid - correct answer -Dura mater What monitoring device is used to obtain indirect arterial blood pressure? Swan Ganz Pulse oximeter Sphygmomanometer ECG lead - correct answer -Sphygmomanometer The internal mammary artery retractor would be used in which of the following procedures Femorofemoral bypass Coronary artery bypass with graft Abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy Carotid endarterectomy - correct answer -Coronary artery bypass with graft Which of the following anatomical structures is involved in a hiatal hernia? Stomach Intestine Rectum Bladder - correct answer -Stomach What is the procedure for surgical repair of a cranial defect? Craniectomy Craniotomy Craniotonoscopy Cranioplasty - correct answer -Cranioplasty Aqueous humor of the eye is found within the: Macula Cornea Posterior cavity Anterior chamber - correct answer -Anterior chamber Which of the following congenital conditions is an atypical communication of intracranial vessels? Arteriovenous malformation Myelomeningocele Patent ductus arteriosus Craniosynostosis - correct answer -Arteriovenous malformation A triangular muscle that abducts the arm and covers the shoulder is the: Deltoid Latissimus Trapezius Isoflurane Ketamine Diazepam - correct answer -Thiopental sodium Which drug is not an antimuscarinic (anticholiniergic)? Scopolamine Atropine sulfate Midazolam (Versed) Glycopyrrolate (Robinu) - correct answer -Midazolam (Versed) Which agent is a radiopaque contrast medium used during operative cholangiograms? Methylene blue Omnipaque Acetic acid Hypaque - correct answer -Hypaque Steroids are used for reduction of: Fuid in the body Tissue inflammation and swelling Uterine contraction Body's need for oxygen - correct answer -Tissue inflammation and swelling Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan) is a/an: Narcotic antagonist Vasoconstrictor Anticholinergic Narcotic - correct answer -Narcotic antagonist Which drug counteracts metabolic acidosis? Meperidine Atropine Lidocaine Sodium bicarbonate - correct answer -Sodium bicarbonate Dilating drops are called: Miotics Myopics Topical drops Mydriatics - correct answer -Mydriatics The most widely used local anesthetic is: Procaine hydrochloride Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Bupivicaine hydrochloride (Marcaine) Cocaine - correct answer -Lidocaine (Xylocaine) A drug used to reverse hypotension is: Levarterenol (Levophed) Dantrolene Procainamide hydrochloride (Pronestyl) Propanolol hydrochloride (Inderal) - correct answer -Levarterenol (Levophed) An anticholinergic drug given preoperatively to inhibit mucous secretion is: Diphenhydramine Metoclopramide Atropine Pentazocaine lactate (Talwin) - correct answer -Atropine An emergency drug useful in stabilizing ventricular fibrillation is: Propanolol hydrochloride (Inderal) Nitroglycerin Vasopressin Metaraminol bitartate (Aramine) - correct answer -Propanolol hydrochloride (Inderal) Accountability is defined as a(n) ____. - correct answer -Obligation A circulator may be a/an: Certified surgical technologist (CST) only Registered nurse (RN) only All of these choices are correct. Licensed practical nurse (LPN) only - correct answer -All of these choices are correct. A gastrectomy is the removal of part of the stomach. True False - correct answer -True A _____ is an inanimate object upon which pathogens may be conveyed. Sterile field Vector Spore Fomite - correct answer -Fomite A Kocher incision is used in the removal of the appendix. True False - correct answer -False A living carrier that transmits disease is called a: A splenectomy is the removal of the liver. True False - correct answer -False Assault is an intentional tort. True False - correct answer -True A sterile field is created: At the beginning of each day During lunch At the end of each day For each surgical procedure - correct answer -For each surgical procedure A stoma created from the ileum is called a colostomy. False True - correct answer -False A substance that is commonly used on living tissue to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microbes to prevent infection is called a/an: Disinfectant Antiseptic Sporicidal Asepsis - correct answer -Antiseptic A surgeon may never go beyond the conditions of an informed consent, even if unexpected conditions present themselves. True False - correct answer -False A surgical intervention that does not have to be performed immediately or within a short period of time is called: Urgent Elective Emergent Optional - correct answer -Elective A surgical intervention that does not have to be performed to preserve life or function is called: Emergent Urgent Elective Optional - correct answer -Optional A thyroidectomy is the removal of the thymus gland. True False - correct answer -False A vaginal hysterectomy is a general surgery procedure. True False - correct answer -False Bacteria that require an oxygen level that is lower than normal air but still require oxygen are called: Thermophilic Anaerobic Aerobic Microaerophilic - correct answer -Microaerophilic Battery is a/an: -Injury resulting from the activity of a health care professional -Intentional nonconsensual touching -Intentional act intended to make another person fearful -Statement one expects to prove true - correct answer -Intentional nonconsensual touching Breast cancer can be staged. False True - correct answer -True A cicatrix is a normal scar formation. False True - correct answer -True A discetomy involves the removal of a disk. True False - correct answer -True A fistula is a tract between two epithelium-lined surfaces that is open at both ends. False True - correct answer -True Age can affect wound healing. False True - correct answer -True A hernia can be a result of wound dehiscence. False True - correct answer -True False - correct answer -True Nylon is nonabsorbable. False True - correct answer -True One of the classic local signs of inflammation is pain. False True - correct answer -True Phase 1 of wound healing by first intention is the lag phase. False True - correct answer -True Phase 2 of wound healing by first intention is the proliferation phase. True False - correct answer -True Polyglactin 910 is absorbable. True False - correct answer -True The portion of the stomach surrounding the lower esophageal shincter is called the: Cardia Pylorus Fundus Antrum - correct answer -Cardia The islets of Langerhans secrete: Insulin Pancreatic juice Inhibiting hormones Intrinsic factor - correct answer -Insulin The double-layered, apron-like structure that hangs from the lower border of the stomache is the: Mesentery Greater omentum Peritoneum Ligamentum - correct answer -Greater omentum The first part of the small intestine is the: Duodenum Jejunem Cecum Ileum - correct answer -Duodenum The plicae circulares, microvilli, and villi are: -Structures that give the intestine its puckered appearance -Glands that secrete digestive enzymes -Structures that increase surface absorption area in the small intestine -All found in the small intestine - correct answer -Structures that increase surface absorption area in the small intestine The main function of the large intestine is to: Digest food Absorb food nutrients Reabsorb water and electrolytes Digest carbohydrates - correct answer -Reabsorb water and electrolytes The appendix is attached to the: Ascending colon Transverse colon Cecum Descending colon - correct answer -Cecum The primary function of the gallbladder is to: Store bile Produce bile Digest fats Store fats - correct answer -Store bile is called the: Islets of Langerhans Wirsung's duct Ampulla of Vater Duct of Santorini - correct answer -Ampulla of Vater Sensory nerves tell the muscles to move. False True - correct answer -False Six bones form the orbit of the eye. False True - correct answer -False Smoking can affect wound healing. True Which retractor is used to provide exposure for a femoropopliteal bypass? Alm Atraumatic Weitlaner Meyerding Bookwalter - correct answer -Atraumatic Weitlaner Which of the following is a nonadherent, nonpermeable, occlusive surgical dressing? Telfa Tegasorb Xeroform Tegaderm - correct answer -Xeroform The acronym "MAC" denotes what type of anesthesia care? Managed Monitored Manipulated Mixed - correct answer -Monitored Sterile dressing materials should be opened onto the sterile backtable by the: Surgical first assistant Circulator Surgeon Surgical technologist - correct answer -Circulator Which ligament stabilizes the duodenojejunal angle? Retzius Round Poupart Treitz - correct answer -Treitz What disease causes the overproduction of adrenaline? Addison's Hashimotos' Marfan's Meniere's - correct answer -Addison's Which member of the surgical team is responsible for supporting the head and neck of the patient during positioning? Anesthesia provider Surgeon Surgical assistant Circulating person - correct answer -Anesthesia provider Which of the following conditions results from an uneven curvature of the cornea? Presbyopia Strabismus Astigmatism Myopia - correct answer -Myopia What is the purpose of applying cricoid pressure? Prevent distension Paralyze the patient Occlude the esophagus Open the airway - correct answer -Occlude the esophagus The purpose of the anesthesia machine soda lime canister is to absorb: Carbon monoxide Nitrogen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide - correct answer -Carbon dioxide For which of the following conditions would a posterior repair be performed? Cystocele Varicocele Rectocele Hydrocele - correct answer -Rectocele What term is used to describe the back-and-forth action of a power saw blade? Reciprocating Rotary Sagittal Oscillating - correct answer -Reciprocating If a sterile package wrapped in pervious woven material drops to the OR floor, the surgical technologist should: -Leave it on the floor until the procedure is completed Craniectomy Craniotonoscopy - correct answer -Cranioplasty Aqueous humor of the eye is found within the Anterior chamber Posterior cavity Cornea Macula - correct answer -Anterior chamber Which of the following congenital conditions is an atypical communication of intracranial vessels? Arteriovenous malformation Patent ductus arteriosus Myelomeningocele Craniosynostosis - correct answer -Arteriovenous malformation A triangular muscle that abducts the arm and covers the shoulder is the: Trapezius Latissimus Deltoid Rhomboideus - correct answer -Deltoid Which of the following hemostatic agents is contraindicated for use on bone? Bone wax Topical thrombin Oxidized cellulose Absorbable collagen - correct answer -Oxidized cellulose What is the congenital abnormality that is characterized by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid and spinal nerves in a sac, protruding dorsally? Omphalocele Hydrocele Myelomeningocele Meningocele - correct answer -Meningocele Glaucoma results from blockage of the: Retinal artery Canal of Schlemm Optic chiasma Hyaloid canal - correct answer -Canal of Schlemm Which surgical procedure is performed to fuse a joint? Arthroscopy Arthrodesis Arthroplasty Arthropexy - correct answer -Arthrodesis Which of the following is a non-crushing vascular clamp? Kocher Mixter Satinsky Pean - correct answer -Satinsky Which of the following is used for bladder retraction during a cesarean section? Graves Heaney Auvard De Lee - correct answer -De Lee A Bulldog is used in vascular surgery to ____. clamp a blood vessel apply the Rummel tourniquet retract a blood vessel apply rubber shods - correct answer -clamp a blood vessel A bulldog must always be counted. True False - correct answer -True A Castroviejo is a type of clamp. True False - correct answer -False A discectomy involves the removal of a disk. True False - correct answer -True A Fogarty catheter balloon should be filled with air. True False - correct answer -False False - correct answer -False A treatment option given to patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease is ____. antegrade arterial exploration lithotripsy CT scan percutaneous transluminal angioplasty - correct answer -percutaneous transluminal angioplasty Blood from the vena cava enters the heart at the: Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle - correct answer -Right atrium Blood pressure is always measured using the arteries. False True - correct answer -True Bradycardia is a slow heart rate. False True - correct answer -True Brain injuries only occur with rapid deceleration. True False - correct answer -False Broca's area deals with: Body temperature Hearing Vision Speech - correct answer -Speech _____, characterized by a depressed chest, is the most common congenital deformity of the chest. Pectus carinatum Pigeon chest None of these choices is correct Pectus excavatum - correct answer -Pectus excavatum _____ clips are used on the scalp. Randell Raney Rogers Hemi - correct answer -Raney Cranial nerve II is a sensory nerve. False True - correct answer -True Cranial nerve I is the _____ nerve. Olfactory Oculomotor Optic Facial - correct answer -Olfactory Cranial nerve IV is the vagus nerve. False True - correct answer -False Cranial nerve X is the trigeminal nerve. False True - correct answer -False CSF flows around the: CNS Thoracic vertebrae PNS CPM - correct answer -CNS CSF is produced from the medial walls of the: Fourth ventricle Third ventricle Lateral ventricles None of these choices is correct. - correct answer -Lateral ventricles Delicate polypropylene sutures can be tagged with a ____. mosquito clamp hemostat clamp needle holder rubber shod - correct answer -rubber shod During vascular surgery, pledgets are used to ____. reinforce the graft exsanguinate preclot the graft retract - correct answer -reinforce the graft How many layers does the heart have? Sensory nerves tell the muscles to move. False True - correct answer -False Streptokinase can break down thrombi. False True - correct answer -True Superficial blood supply to the head and neck is supplied from which artery? external carotid external jugular brachiocephalic internal carotid - correct answer -external carotid Tachycardia is a generic term for diseases of the myocardium. True False - correct answer -False The _____ artery provides the brain with most of its blood. External carotid Basilar Splenic Internal carotid - correct answer -Internal carotid The average adult male has approximately _____ liters of blood. 3 5 6 4 - correct answer -5 The brachial plexus is on level with the lumbar vertebrae. False True - correct answer -False The brain stem contains the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. False True - correct answer -False The cauda equina starts at about the first lumbar vertebra. False True - correct answer -True The chambers of the heart are divided into right and left portions by the: Atriventricular (AV) fistula Pericardium Septum Atria - correct answer -Septum The convolutions of the brain are called gyri. True False - correct answer -True The dorsal root of a spinal nerve is a sensory nerve. True False - correct answer -True The ductus venosus is a continuation of the umbilical vein. True False - correct answer -True The failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close after birth is called: Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Atrial septal defect (ASD) Atrioventricular malformation (AVM) - correct answer -Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) The first cervical vertebra (C1) is called the axis. True False - correct answer -False The Greek scleros means hard. True False - correct answer -True The heart has five chambers. False True - correct answer -False The heart is enclosed in the: Pericardium Periosteum Pleural mambrane Peritoneum - correct answer -Pericardium The heart is the first organ to receive oxygenated blood. False There are _____ meninges. Two Five Three Four - correct answer -Three There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves. 12 31 32 30 - correct answer -12 There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves. 30 32 12 31 - correct answer -31 There are two parietal lobes. False True - correct answer -True The renal arteries feed the: Liver Stomach Spleen Kidneys - correct answer -Kidneys The right lung has three lobes. True False - correct answer -True The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the left atrial wall. False True - correct answer -False The spinal cord terminates at the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae. False True - correct answer -True The thoracic cavity has _____ divisions. Four Five Two Three - correct answer -Three The tunica media is composed of: Myocardium Endothelium Muscle tissue Cytoplasts - correct answer -Muscle tissue What is the most common congenital chest deformity? sternal fissures pectus excavatum cardiomyopathy pectus carinatum - correct answer -pectus excavatum When does the foramen ovale close? At birth In the 14th week after conception 1 year after birth In the seventh week after conception - correct answer -At birth Which is the longest vein in the body? superior vena cava cephalic jugular greater saphenous - correct answer -greater saphenous Which scapel blade is used to open a blood vessel during vascular surgery? #15 #20 #11 #10 - correct answer -#11 Which statement concerning abdominal aneurysms is correct? -Aneurysms occur only in the larger vessels. -Most abdominal aneurysms arise below the level of the renal arteries. -Most commonly, abdominal aneurysms rupture directly into the peritoneal space. -Ultrasound can be used to detect involvement of the renal arteries, stenosis, and additional aneurysms. - correct answer -Most abdominal aneurysms arise below the level of the renal arteries. Which statement is correct regarding the suture for peripheral vascular surgery? -Patch sutures are typically double-armed sutures. -Single-armed sutures are used for anastomoses. -Control-release needles are used for vessel anastomoses. The largest artery in the body is the - correct answer -aorta The membrane that lines the chest cavity and reflects back to cover the lungs is the - correct answer - pleura The amount of air taken in with a normal breath is about 500 cc and is referred to as - correct answer - tidal volume The auditory nerve receives sound waves from a shell-like structure called the: - correct answer -cochlea An inflammation of the conjunctiva involves the: - correct answer -delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front of the eyeball One of the most important glands in the body, often referred to as the "master gland," is the: - correct answer -pituitary Within the kidneys, there are millions of microscopic units that carry out the functions of producing urine. These functional units are called: - correct answer -nephrons The long narrow tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder are called: - correct answer - ureters Water is absorbed mostly in the - correct answer -colon The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The hormone secreted by the pancreas directly into the blood is: - correct answer -insulin The male reproductive organ(s) that manufactures the male sex cells is (are) called the: - correct answer -testes he nerves that control the release of epinephrine during "fight or flight" are the: - correct answer - sympathetic nerves An example of reticular tissue is: - correct answer -blood The muscle that flexes the head is the: - correct answer -sternocleidomastoid The middle layer of the meninges is the: - correct answer -arachnoid The section of the brain that controls temperature and thirst is the: - correct answer -hypothalamus How many pairs of extrinsic eye muscles are there: - correct answer -6 The jelly-like substance that maintains the shape of the globe is: - correct answer -vitreous humor The descending colon is attached at this anatomical feature: - correct answer -splenic flexure The function of the liver include all of the following except - correct answer -storage of bile The normal range for lymphocytes is between - correct answer -5000 and 10,000 The valve to the right ventricle is the: - correct answer -tricuspid A superficial vein of the leg is the: - correct answer -saphenous The first ring of tracheal cartilage, utilized during Sellick's maneuver is the: - correct answer -cricoid cartilage The most likely tough capsule that protects the kidney is: - correct answer -Gerota's fascia Fertilization occurs in the: - correct answer -oviduct The part of a word that comes after the root word and changes its meaning is the: - correct answer - suffix An agent used against fever is: - correct answer -antipyretic A slow pulse rate is: - correct answer -bradycardia An incision made below the breast is: - correct answer -inframammary A congenital anomaly is a/an - correct answer -abnormal condition existing at birth An instrument used to view the large intestine is a/an - correct answer -colonoscope Surgical removal of half the stomach is: - correct answer -hemigastrectomy You are scheduled to scrub on a cheiloplasty. The anatomical part to be revised is the: - correct answer - lip A record made of a joint is: - correct answer -arthrogram A preoperative diagnosis of cholelithiasis indicates a/an: - correct answer -condition of gallstones Hepatomegaly is - correct answer -an enlarged liver Inflammation of the brain is: - correct answer -encephalitis A laparoscope would be used to visualize the: - correct answer -abdominal cavity Which of the following factors would have the least effect in determining whether or not one exposed to a disease would contract it? - correct answer -weight of host Host resistance to infection may be lowered by all of the following except: - correct answer -proper nutritional state When a patient has a generalized (systemic) infection, the white blood cell (WBC) count would: - correct answer -increase The type of isolation recommended for the immunocompromised, burn, or organ transplant patient is: - correct answer -protective Pathogens that get past the first line of defense are engulfed by white blood cells, a process known as: - correct answer -phagocytosis The immunity received by having had a disease (i.e., measles) is known as: - correct answer -naturally acquired active immunity When a person forms antibodies against his or her own tissues, it is known as: - correct answer - autoimmunity An infection acquired while one is being treated in a health care facility is known as: - correct answer - nosocomial infection When an infection is caused by a patient's own normal flora, the source would be referred to as: - correct answer -endogenous Airborne contamination in the operating room can be reduced by: - correct answer -filtering out particles with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters Standard Precautions are to be implemented: - correct answer -when blood or body fluids may be encountered The prefix that designates 1000 times the basic unit in the metric system is: - correct answer -kilo The basic unit of measurement for weight in the metric system is the: - correct answer -gram The number of milliliters in an ounce is: - correct answer -30 The number of milliliters in a cup is: - correct answer -240 Medication used to relieve pain is a/an: - correct answer -analgesic A drug with a high potential for addiction and abuse is a/an: - correct answer -controlled substance Anesthesia produced by marked cooling is: - correct answer -cryoanesthesia An example of a type of drug used to prevent disease is a/an: - correct answer -vaccine The route of administration which produces the most immediate action is: - correct answer -IV Saying that a drug is to be given hs means that: - correct answer -it should be taken at bedtime The needle gauge most appropriate for local infiltration is: - correct answer -25 g The surgeon's preference card calls for 250 mg of Ancef. The vial you have is labeled "1 g/2 cc." You would draw up: - correct answer -0.5 cc For a vein graft procedure, you are instructed to draw up 0.3 ml of a drug. The syringe you will use is: - correct answer -tuberculin The physician asks for 30 mg of papaverine and the label on the bottle reads "60 mg/2 ml." How much would you draw up? - correct answer -1 ml After following instructions on the penicillin label for reconstitution, you note that the concentration is "250,000 U/ml." The preference card calls for 500,000 U of penicillin to be added to 500 ml of NS. How many milliliters of penicillin would you draw up? - correct answer -2 ml A 50% solution of dextrose in water means that: - correct answer -there are 50 g of dextrose in 100 ml of water When receiving drugs from the circulator, the scrub should: - correct answer -read aloud the name of the drug, strength and/or amount of the drug, and the expiration date When passing a prepared drug to the surgeon, the scrub would: - correct answer -recite the name, amount, and/or strength of the drug Anticholinergic medications such as atropine or glycopyrrolate (Robinul) are given preoperatively to: - correct answer -block secretions and prevent reflex bradycardia Which of the following drugs is a narcotic analgesic? - correct answer -meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) A drug commonly used to reduce vascular spasms during vascular surgery is: - correct answer - papaverine A local anesthetic that is only used topically is: - correct answer -cocaine hydrochloride A local anesthetic drug that may also be used to treat ventricular arrhythmias is: - correct answer - lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine) An adrenergic drug that increases blood pressure, dilates bronchioles, constricts blood vessels, and may be added to local anesthetics is: - correct answer -epinephrine (adrenalin) Which of the concepts of electrosurgical unit (ESU) electrical energy flow is correct? During the use of monopolar electrical energy, the energy passes through the tissue and returns through the same instrument used to deliver the energy. Use of bipolar energy flow may result in alternate site burns. Use of monopolar energy flow may result in alternate site burns. Use of bipolar energy flow requires the use of a return electrode pad. - correct answer -Use of monopolar energy flow may result in alternate site burns. The electrical energy device that causes the collagen matrix in vessel walls and connective tissue to reform into a permanently fused tissue matrix is the: - correct answer -LigaSure™ The mechanical energy device that uses a peizoelectric transducer to create mechanical friction energy is called the: - correct answer -Harmonic Scalpel Which aspect of Newton's Law of Inertia is incorrect? For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. An object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables: speed and velocity. - correct answer - The acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables: speed and velocity. The characteristics of light energy include all of the following except: refraction reflection color radiation - correct answer -radiation The characteristics of LASER light include all of the following except: collimation monochromatic coherence divergence - correct answer -divergence Solid medium LASERs include which of the following? carbon dioxide and KTP KTP and Nd:YAG tunable dye and Nd:YAG argon and carbon dioxide - correct answer -KTP and Nd:YAG Which of the following is not a property of solids? are found in crystal arrangements take the shape of the container have a fixed volume are found in amorphous arrangements - correct answer -take the shape of the container The state of matter that has no fixed volume or shape and is affected by magnetic and electrical fields is: - correct answer -plasma The method of heat transfer used in a neonatal warmer is: - correct answer -radiation The heat transference that results from contact of internal organs with a cool irrigation solution is: - correct answer -conduction Computer input devices include a: printer monitor scanner modem - correct answer -scanner The single robotic arm: controls the room functions in an integrated suite attaches to the bedrail of the OR table translates actions of the surgeon's hand movements is guided by the surgeon seated at a remote console - correct answer -attaches to the bedrail of the OR table The mechanical energy device that uses an ultrasonic vibrating tip to "break up" and vacuum away tissue is the: - correct answer -Cavitational Ultrasonic Suction Aspirator A particle of LASER light energy is called a/an: - correct answer -photon The proper attire for the semirestricted area in the operating room suite, such as a conference room, is: - correct answer -scrub suit, cap, shoe covers To decrease airborne contamination and static electricity, the relative humidity of the operating room is maintained at: - correct answer -50% to 55% The operating room temperature should be raised from the normal 68°F to 75°F for which of the following patient populations? - correct answer -the infant Patient safety in the operating room is the responsibility of the: - correct answer -entire surgical team All of the following actions will decrease exposure to ionizing radiation except: using a smoke evacuator and high filtration mask Time (decrease time in beam) Distance (radiation received is decreased by the square of the distance from source) Shielding (lead blocks radiation) - correct answer -using a smoke evacuator and high filtration mask A moist sponge is placed in the rectum during a LASER procedure of the perineum or anus to: - correct answer -prevent the escape of methane gas use of reflective metal instruments - correct answer -use of reflective metal instruments Which of the following is not a requirement for an individual operating room? nonporous floors, walls, and ceilings outlets for vacuum, oxygen, and nitrous oxide grounded wall outlets 2 feet above the floor x-ray view boxes - correct answer -grounded wall outlets 2 feet above the floor A chemical agent used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin and mucous membranes is a/an: - correct answer -antiseptic The process of destroying microorganisms on inanimate (nonliving) objects is: - correct answer - disinfection The procedure for destroying pathogens at the end of the procedure is: - correct answer -terminal sterilization The safest, most practical means for sterilizing heat- and moisture-stable items is: - correct answer - saturated steam under pressure The minimal temperature required to kill bacterial spores is: - correct answer -250°F (121°C) The Bowie-Dick test must be run daily in which of the following types of sterilizers? - correct answer - Prevacuum Which of the following types of sterilizers would require a drying cycle? gravity displacement ethylene oxide gas peracetic acid ionizing radiation - correct answer -gravity displacement Aeration is essential following sterilization by: - correct answer -ethylene oxide gas In the middle of the surgical procedure, a critical stainless steel instrument is contaminated and there is no sterile replacement. Which time setting would be selected for the flash autoclave? - correct answer - 3 minutes The most reliable means of monitoring the effectiveness of the sterilizer that ensures sterilization parameters have been met is: - correct answer -biological When packaging instruments for sterilization, instruments should be: - correct answer -left open and placed on a rack When storing sterile packs, you should place them: - correct answer -behind packs with older dates Items that contact sterile tissue and must be sterilized are considered: - correct answer -critical When disinfecting instruments for use, you would do all of the following except: clean to reduce the bioburden rinse immediately before putting in the germicide rinse thoroughly with sterile distilled water following contact with the germicide ensure that all surfaces are exposed to the germicidal agent - correct answer -rinse immediately before putting in the germicide The disinfectant that should not be used on lensed instruments due to the potential for loosening the "cement" around the lens is: - correct answer -isopropyl alcohol Spillage of blood that occurs during surgery should be: - correct answer -cleaned up immediately The purpose of keeping doors to the operating room closed is to: - correct answer -maintain positive pressure The purpose of washing the hands prior to the surgical scrub is to: - correct answer -remove gross soil and transient microorganisms When draping a sterile field, the scrubbed person would do all of the following except: hold drapes in a compact position above the waist level drape from the periphery to the operative site drape the patient and all furniture and equipment to be included in the sterile field protect the gloved hand with a cuff - correct answer -drape from the periphery to the operative site When dispensing sterile items to a sterile field, the circulator would: open the far side of the package last stand as close to the sterile recap the remaining portion of the sterile saline for dispensing later during the procedure ensure that wrapper tails are properly secured - correct answer -ensure that wrapper tails are properly secured The scrub has completed the sterile setup when notified that the surgeon will be 30 minutes late. He or she would - correct answer -remain with the sterile field until further notified Bioburden refers to: - correct answer -the degree of microbial contamination Procedures performed at the end of a surgical case to protect the health care worker who will be handling the surgical instruments in the sterile processing department are known as: - correct answer - terminal disinfection and sterilization Which of the following is not an acceptable method of transporting contaminated instruments down the hall following a surgical procedure? covered in a plastic bag in an open-mesh bottom tray in a closed case cart For a Right Nephrectomy, the patient would be placed in the ______ position. - correct answer -left lateral kidney The surgical specimen which is examined immediately by the pathologist is a/an: - correct answer - frozen section Which of the following lab values falls within the normal range? hematocrit of 45% specific gravity of urine 1.055 white blood cell count of 15,000 hemoglobin of 6-8 grams - correct answer -hematocrit of 45% You are assigned to scrub on a gunshot wound of the abdomen with a perforated bowel and will expect the surgeon to: suture individual layers of tissue after debridement of the wound clean up the wound, pack the wound to keep wound edges apart, and bring the patient back at a later date for delayed closure irrigate and suction in preparation for second intention healing clean up the wound and approximate wound edges for primary intention healing - correct answer - clean up the wound, pack the wound to keep wound edges apart, and bring the patient back at a later date for delayed closure During which phase of wound healing is the strength of the wound limited to the suture holding it together? - correct answer -lag phase (inflammatory) Based on the potential for infection, which one of the following described wounds would be classified as a class I? gunshot wound to the abdomen removal of the appendix with no major spill inguinal hernia repair without break in technique compound fracture - correct answer -inguinal hernia repair without break in technique Suturing a patch to a bifurcation of an artery to increase the blood flow is called AV fistula Profundoplasty Endarterectomy Arterial bypass - correct answer -Profundoplasty Arteriotomy is extended with Potts-Smith scissors Jamison scissors Tenotomy scissors Metzenbaum scissors - correct answer -Potts-Smith scissors When burr holes are being drilled, it is important to Keep site irrigated to reduce heat Surround area with cottonoids Clip vessels as needed Hold periosteal elevator for quick utilization - correct answer -Keep site irrigated to reduce heat Coaxial illuminators are Fiber optic Halogen Light tubes LASERs - correct answer -Fiber optic A J stent is a(n) Self-retaining cardiac stent Self-retaining urethral catheter Self-retaining cardiac catheter Self-retaining urethral stent - correct answer -Self-retaining urethral stent A common IV-administered anesthetic agent is Phenobarbital Diprivan Anectine Forane - correct answer -Phenobarbital Where is blood pressure commonly measured when a patient is laterally positioned with a double armboard Lower arm Upper arm Carotid artery Lower ankle - correct answer -Lower arm An example of a rolled gauze dressing is Ace Kerlix Coban Fluffs - correct answer -Kerlix Hallux valgus is also called Syndactyly Club foot Bunion Hammer toe - correct answer -Bunion Ethmoidectomy may be achieved through a(n) Lidocaine hydrochloride - correct answer -Lidocaine hydrochloride Nd:YAG is also called Holmium Erbium Neodymium Yttrium - correct answer -Neodymium Intraabdominal pressure during insufflation should remain at 20-25 mmHg 12-15 mmHg 55-60 mmHg 5-10 mmHg - correct answer -12-15 mmHg The type of access port used for peritoneal dialysis is a(n) Swan-Ganz Port-a-cath Levin Tenkhoff - correct answer -Tenkhoff The plane that divides the body into right and left sides is the Frontal plane Transverse plane Sagittal plane Dorsal plane - correct answer -Sagittal plane A stick tie is a Free tie Suture on a noncutting needle Free tie loaded on an instrument Silk suture on a Mayo needle - correct answer -Suture on a noncutting needle The microadapter of a microscope is used to Direct LASER beams through the microscope Direct a coagulation device to small capillary bleeders Direct visualization Direct light onto the operative field - correct answer -Direct LASER beams through the microscope Which of the following is an orthopedic instrument Chandler elevator Goodell Duvall Castroviejo forcep - correct answer -Chandler elevator Which structure carries oxygen and nutrients to a developing fetus Placenta Ductus venosus Umbilical artery Umbilical vein - correct answer -Umbilical artery The medication that dilates the eye is Corticosteroid Miotic Hyperosmotic Mydriatic - correct answer -Mydriatic An antrostomy is a FESS Roux-en-Y Le Fort I Caldwell-Luc - correct answer -Caldwell-Luc The optical portion of the microscope is the Optiscope Trocar/cannula combination Fiber optic lens Telescope - correct answer -Telescope Synthetic absorbable suture is absorbed by a process called Hemolysis Encapsulation Catalytic action Hydrolysis - correct answer -Hydrolysis A hernia presenting at a surgical site is classified as Spigelian Umbilical Poupart's Incisional - correct answer -Incisional A bruise that has not torn skin is a(n) Abrasion Contusion Laceration Avulsion - correct answer -Contusion Irrigation fluid should be