Surgical Technology - Fundamentals 1 Final Exam, Exams of Nursing

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Surgical Technology- Fundamentals 1

Final Exam

The sterile is absolute; an item is either sterile or not sterile - Answer-True Only sterile items can be placed on the sterile field - Answer-True At the end of a surgical case, the inside gloves are removed before the gown - Answer-False If the surgical technologist contaminates his/her outside and inside gloves during a surgical procedure, a sterile team member should reglove him/her. - Answer-True The edges of a wrapper are considered sterile - Answer-False When performing closed gloving, you must first pull the gown cuffs over your wrists to expose your hand before donning the gloves. - Answer-False ____ perform the surgical handscrub, gown, and glove before the rest of the team members to prepare the sterile field with instruments and supplies that have been opened for the case. - Answer-Surgical technologist in the scrub role

Immediately prior to donning sterile gown and gloves, the surgical technologist must: - Answer-Perform a surgical handscrub to surgically clean his/her hands and arms Preliminary preparations must occur before the patient is brought to the room. The ____ must be checked, along with case-cart supplies, to ensure that all of the instruments, supplies, and equipment necessary for the procedure are available. - Answer-Surgeon's preference card Sterile gowns are considered sterile - Answer-only in the front, from the chest to the waist The amount of space that should be left between sterile and nonsterile surfaces is ____. - Answer-12- inches Which of the following is a correct statement? -When closed gloving, the glove is positioned palm up on forearm to facilitate pulling onto hand. -When closed gloving, the glove is positioned with fingers of glove pointed away from elbow to facilitate pulling onto hand. -When closed gloving, hand must not extend beyond cuffs. -When closed gloving, the RN circulator holds the outside of the glove cuff while the surgical technologist secures his/her second glove. - Answer-When closed gloving, hand must not extend beyond cuffs In surgical facilities that provide cloth caps for employee use, the caps are laundered by the facility. Cloth caps that are reused for several days between laundering are ____. - Answer-a source of gross contamination When employed correctly, alcohol-based brushless scrub products produce high levels of destruction of microorganisms. - Answer-True Hand washing is the simplest and most important preventive measure for reducing infection in the operating room. - Answer-True

When opening supplies for a surgical procedure it is important that blades be opened in an area where they will be completely covered by towels and/or drapes. - Answer-False Please list and describe the six links in the chain of infection. - Answer-Infectious agent reservoir, portal of exit mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host Please list 5 measures capable of breaking the chain of infection. - Answer-do not use contaminated objects, perform surgical scrub, remove PPE properly, wash hands, wear PPE A pathogen is a microorganism that has the potential to cause disease. - Answer-True Virulence is the relative power of a pathogen to cause disease. - Answer-True A fomite is an insect that transmits pathogens from infected to noninfected individuals. - Answer-False To protect the eyes from blood, body fluids, and other debris, the surgical technologist in the scrub role must wear protective eyewear. To be effective, the eyewear must cover the eye area from the brows to the top of the surgical mask and must extend over the temples. - Answer-True To be cost effective, masks may be worn as long as they do not show visible signs of contamination. - Answer-False When changing into operating room attire, the _____ must be donned first. - Answer-Hair covering The surgical mask may be worn down around the neck when the surgical technologist is in between assigned cases. - Answer-False

All are true statements regarding surgical masks except: -Mask strings should be crisscrossed behind the head when tied. -Masks should be on or off, rather than worn around the neck. -Masks should be changed between surgical procedures. -Masks should be handled only by the strings when discarded. - Answer-Mask strings should be crisscrossed behind the head when tied To prevent cross contamination during removal and disposal, masks should be handled by the _____. - Answer-Strings only Microorganisms that do not normally reside in the tissue of an individual are called _____ flora. - Answer-Transient Organisms on the surface of the skin that are easily removed by handwashing are called _____. - Answer-Transient organisms When opening sterile supplies for a case, it is recommended that the surgical technologist's gown and gloves be opened on the back table. - Answer-False The surgical handscrub is intended to render the arms and hands _____. - Answer-Surgically clean Which of the following is a nonsterile portion of the surgical gown? - Answer-Gown Cuff After the surgical handscrub is complete, it is important to _____. - Answer-Avoid touching nonsterile items Which of the following has been shown to significantly reduce the amount of blood contamination of the hands? - Answer-Double gloving

When self gowning and gloving, the surgical technologist in the scrub role should _____ following the surgical handscrub. - Answer-Don the sterile gown first The closed gloving technique is used _____. - Answer-After the sterile gown is gloved When creating the sterile field, the _____ is typically opened first. - Answer-The back table Randomly shifting items from one place to another during case set up _____. - Answer-Increases the chance of contamination and is not productive The order of technique for opening a sterile basin set is: -tear sealing tape, verify exposure to a sterilization process, open first flap, open the side flaps, and pull the flap closest to your body toward you -tear sealing tape, open first flap, open the side flaps, pull the flap closest to your body toward you, and verify exposure to a sterilization process -verify exposure to a sterilization process, tear sealing tape, open first flap, open the side flaps, and pull the flap closest to your body toward you -tear sealing tape and verify exposure to a sterilization process - Answer- Torn, perforated, or wet disposable supplies should be _____. - Answer-Thrown away Which of the following provides a large, sterile area for the initial preparation and storage of drapes, supplies, medication, and instrumentation? - Answer-Back table _____ is/are the major cause of lawsuits arising from surgery. To protect the patient from injury surgical counts are performed in a prescribed manner. - Answer-Items retained in the surgical wound

_____ have a responsibility to ensure that no item is retained in the surgical wound. - Answer-All team members _____ describes the required method for counting in the individual surgical facility. - Answer-Written hospital policy Additional suture needles distributed to the field during surgery must be added to the surgical count. - Answer-True _____ must never be removed from the room until after the final count. - Answer-Contaminated instruments, linen bags, trash bags List the flow of closing counts from first to last: ____ items on mayo stand ____ items in use at surgical field ____ kick bucket ____ back table - Answer-Items in use at surgical field, items on mayo stand, back table, kick bucket In emergency situations, initial counts may be omitted. - Answer-True Knife handles may be made of brass - Answer-True Poole suctions are designed to work in the abdominal cavity - Answer-True Rather than opening and contaminating many expensive implants during a total joint arthroplasty, a sizer allows the surgeon to test the replica for the correct size first. - Answer-True

Dilators are used to widen or stretch the inside diameter of an anatomic opening - Answer-True Sharp hook and rake retractors are specifically designed to grasp the undersurface of superficial tissue such as the adipose layer. - Answer-True A rasp is used to remodel bone. - Answer-True An osteotome has one beveled side - Answer-False The hinge a of surgical instrument may be referred to as the ____. - Answer-Box lock When the surgeon is using a rongeur, it is important to ____. - Answer--use a damp sponge to remove tissue as he or she works -save all tissue -removed as a specimen not pull it out of the surgeon's hand while cleaning it. Fibrous connective tissue requires heavy scissors such as ____ for cutting. - Answer-Curved mayo Toothed forceps, described by the number and type of teeth, are used to grasp skin or other connective tissue. Examples include ____. - Answer-Bonney forceps, cushing forceps ____ are needed when handling tissue such as blood vessels and other delicate structures which can bleed profusely. - Answer-Debakey forceps Many instruments have replaceable ____ that will increase the sharpness in scissors and the gripping ability in needle holders. - Answer-Tungsten carbide inserts

Straight hemostats are typically used for - Answer-Tagging suture Key elevator is used in orthopedic surgery to separate tissue layers - Answer-True A _____ blade has a short rounded edge and is used for shallow, short, controlled cuts. - Answer-# The surgical technologist can anticipate and assist in instrumentation by ____. - Answer--learning the names of all of the surgical instruments -learning the nicknames of instruments -becoming familiar with tissue types and learning which instruments are used on a particular tissue During suturing, the surgeon will typically hold the needle holder with suture in one hand and a(n) ____ in the other hand - Answer-Thumb forceps A(n) ____ is an orthopedic instrument that has one beveled side and is used with a mallet to slice bone. - Answer-chisel Undermining refers to the use of the outside edge of a scissors to separate tissue layers. - Answer-True Fibrous tissue is quite resilient and requires the use of smooth instruments to maintain a secure hold. - Answer-False An instrument with two hinges in the middle that provides greater leaverage and cutting strength than a regular instrument is referred to as a single-action instrument. - Answer-False An instrument that penetrates a body cavity for drainage of fluid is called a trocar. - Answer-True

When passing an instrument to the surgeon, the surgical technologist should hold the instrument by the box lock with the tip visible. - Answer-True The surgical technologist should pass all instruments to the surgeon with the ratchets open. - Answer- False The surgical technologist should pass instruments in a positive and decisive manner. - Answer-True The surgical technologist should place an instrument in the surgeon's hand so it is ready for immediate use. - Answer-True Dissector sponges are frequently used for sharp dissection. - Answer-False When the surgeon asks the surgical technologist to "sponge" a bleeding surface, he/she prefers that the technologist wipe rather than blot the area. - Answer-False Raytec 4x4 sponges ought to be mounted on a sponge holding forceps if they are going to be used in a deep incision. - Answer-True Laparotomy sponges are packaged in groups of ____. - Answer- "Round sponges" are often referred to as ____. - Answer-Tonsil sponges Raytec 4x4's are ideal for use on and around fragile brain ansd spinal cord tissue. - Answer-False A #3 scalpel handle will not accomodate a ____ blade. - Answer-#

The #4 scalpel handle will accomodate a ____ blade. - Answer-# The #3 and #7 scalpel handles are able to accommodate the same size blades. - Answer-True The area of a surgical instrument between the screw joint and the finger rings is referred to as the ____.

• Answer-Shank A(n) ____ is a hinged instrument with sharp, cup-shaped tips used to extract pieces of bone or other connective tissue. - Answer-Ronguer When performing curettage the surgeon is removing tissue through a scraping action. - Answer-True When preparing suture for use, the surgical technologist will select the appropriate needle holder by matching the needle holder's length, weight, and type of tip to the individual suture, needle, and tissue type at hand. - Answer-False An oscillating saw uses a back and forth (forward/backward) motion. - Answer-False Small notches in the jaw of an instrument intended to prevent slippage of tissue are referred to as ____.
• Answer-Serrations Which instrument finish is useful for procedures involving a laser? - Answer-Ebony finish Drapes that have an adhesive backing that can be impregnated with an antimicrobial iodine agent are called ____ drapes. - Answer-Incise Drapes that have openings for exposure of the area to be incised are called _____. - Answer- Fenestrated

Satin / dull finish instruments present minimal glare and are preferred by most surgeons. - Answer-True Passive drains create a passageway from the tissue inside the wound to outside of the body. - Answer- True A ____ is an example of a passive drain. - Answer-Penrose drain A 25 gauge hypodermic needle has a greater diameter than an 18 gauge hypodermic needle. - Answer- False The _____ is an example of a suprapubic catheter. - Answer-Pezzer A ____ catheter has a rather firm angled tip that is useful in curving around a partial obstruction such as an enlarged prostate. - Answer-Coude' catheter An 18 French catheter has a lumen that is _____ millimeters in diameter. - Answer- The type of surgical dressing that minimizes dead space, edema, and postoperative bleeding is called a _____ dressing. - Answer-Pressure Montgomery straps may be used to secure dressings that require frequent changing. - Answer-True The material frequently used for the intermediate absorbant layer of a three layer dressing is _____. - Answer-ABD pad When lifting an object, keep it as close to your body as possible. This decreases the force of exertion. - Answer-True

When personnel attempt to move a patient with insufficient help, both the patient and the team members are at risk for injury. - Answer-True Heavy items such as large instrument trays must be stored at the floor level. - Answer-False When working with any chemical in the operating room, you must know and use the appropriate concentration and proper procedure for use in order to minimize risk to yourself and the patient. - Answer-True Gloves are the only source of latex in the surgical environment. - Answer-False Red colored bags are intended to contain infectious waste material. - Answer-True To avoid back injuries always bend and twist as you lift. - Answer-False The surgical technologist can reduce muscle fatigue while standing by placing his/her feet shoulder width apart. - Answer-True Pulling rather than pushing is the preferred method of moving a heavy supply cart. - Answer-False Perforation of the bowel during surgery can create a risk for fire. - Answer-True It is very important to stay close to the floor during a fire rescue attempt in order to avoid the most intense heat and smoke. - Answer-True For optimal results, aim the fire extinguisher's nozzle directly into the largest part of the flame. - Answer-False

Unshielded high intensity light sources are able to cause ignition when directed onto woven and /or nonwoven drapes. - Answer-True An unusual odor is often the first warning of a fire in electrical equipment. - Answer-True Keeping electrical equipment and motors clean and properly maintained is important in order to prevent fires. - Answer-True Radiation exposure of the OR staff may be monitored with a dosimeter. - Answer-True Although lead aprons are uncomfortable and heavy, scrubbed team members should wear them over their sterile gowns during any procedure that requires the use of radiation. - Answer-False When discarding used smoke evacuation system filters, they are to be treated as biohazardous waste. - Answer-True Most surgeons prefer using instruments with a mirror finish during laser procedures. - Answer-False OSHA requires that your clinical facility have a written Hazard Communication Program to alert you to hazardous chemicals present in your work area. - Answer-True In the OR you are primarily at risk for chemicals entering your body through skin absorption. - Answer- False A chemical's harmful effects can accumulate slowly over time. - Answer-True The hepatitis C vaccine is very effective if the series is completed as prescribed. - Answer-False

All patients should be considered potential carriers of disease. - Answer-True Postexposure prophylaxis is the procedure that is recommended to prevent the occurrence of an exposure incident. - Answer-True Contact with body fluids through cracks, sores, or other skin lesions can transmit ____ in the health-care setting. - Answer-Blood-borne pathogens It is recommended that all workers in the health-care setting be vaccinated against ____. - Answer- hepatitis B ____ is/are implemented to reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission by large, moist, aerosol droplets. - Answer-Droplet precautions ____ used Hypodermic needles using both hands. - Answer-Never recap All hospital personnel must know ____ as well as how to turn off the electrical supply in the event of life- threatening electrical shock. - Answer-Cardiopulmonary resuscitation The hospital fire plan that elaborates the exact duties of personnel and the actions to be taken to protect patients and staff in a structural fire is based on these four immediate actions ____. - Answer- RACE ____ are the most common and frequent sources of fuel in surgical fires. - Answer-Prep solutions ____ is/are the statistical probability of a harmful event. - Answer-risk

Protective clothing or equipment that prevents the wearer from direct contact with hazardous chemicals or potentially infectious body fluids is called ____. - Answer-PPE Many tragic accidents and deaths in the surgical setting could have been avoided had the individual ____. - Answer--known the risk -accepted the real possibility of harm -taken precautions to protect himself or herself, coworkers, and the patient ____ is the primary factor that makes the operating room a high-risk environment for fire. - Answer- High concentration of oxygen ____ is created during the use of a laser or an electrosurgical unit. It contains toxic chemicals, bacteria, and viruses. - Answer-Smoke plume When lifting heavy objects, you should ____. - Answer-Lift with a slow even motion Pressurized water is most effective in containing ____. - Answer-Class A fires The class of fire extinguisher that is used for fires involving liquids and gases is a ____. - Answer-Class B All of the following are safeguards to be followed when using electronic devices except ____. - Answer- Disconnect equipment to turn it off ____ is/are source(s) of ionizing radiation. - Answer-Fluoroscopy, radioactive implants The most important factors to remember concerning the safety of the surgical technologist and ionizing radiation are ____. - Answer-Time, shielding and distance

____ will not decrease the surgical technologist's exposure to ionizing radiation. - Answer-Avoiding the use of fiberoptic light sources The risk of contracting hepatitis C after suffering a cutaneous injury from a needle that had been used in an hepatitis C infected patient is ____. - Answer-2%-10% Personnel must use these precautions when in contact with patients infected with influenza, rubella, and streptococcal pharyngitis - Answer-airborne transmission Reduces the risk of transmission of airborne agents by droplet nuclei of 5um or less - Answer-airborne transmission Behaviors and methods of working in the health-care setting that protect the health-care worker, the patient, the patient's family members, and the health-care worker's family - Answer-Standard precautions These precautions must be used with tuberculosis and measles patients - Answer-Airborne precautions Implemented to reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission by large, moist, aerosol droplets - Answer-Droplet precautions This organization regulates the use of chemicals for disinfection and sterilization as well as the disposal of medical wastes. - Answer-Environmental protection agency This organization is a group of industry experts who promote and facilitate voluntary standards in technical fields such as laser safety. - Answer-American National Standards Institute This organization is dedicated to protecting the health of workers by establishing standards that address issues related to safety in the work place. - Answer-Occupational Safety and Health Administration

This organization establishes standards that reach across the spectrum of healthcare, including sterilization, electrical safety, and the use of medical devices. - Answer-Association for the advancement of medical instrumentation This organization sets standards related to the structure, process, and outcomes of services provided by healthcare facilities. - Answer-Joint commission All fires require three essential components. They are ____, ____, and ____. - Answer-Ignition, oxygen, fuel The appropriate response to a fire to ____, ____, ____, and ____. - Answer-Remove, alert, contain, extinguish The correct operation of a fire extinguisher is to ____, ____, ____, and ____. - Answer-Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep The Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease (CJD) prion cannot be destroyed by routine sterilization and disinfection procedures. - Answer-True The more a sterile-wrapped package is handled, the greater the risk for contamination. - Answer-True Growth of bacteria in a processed biological indicator suggests that the sterilization process was ineffective. - Answer-True A chemical monitor may be placed on the outside of a package or inside a package, but never both. - Answer-False

The procedure for wrapping items for sterilization is based on the need to enhance the ease of sterilization, preserve the sterility of the item, and enable aseptic delivery. - Answer-True The best method for preventing error is education and attitude. A complete understanding of the sterilization process as well as an attitude that is always in favor of the patient provides efficient and positive results. - Answer-True Every package sterilized in the Central Service Department should be labeled with the date of sterilization, the sterilizer used, and the expected date of use. - Answer-False Bacteria are destroyed during steam sterilization through coagulation and denaturation of the protein system within the cell. - Answer-True The moisture of the steam serves to soften the outer protective layer of the microbe. - Answer-True The appropriate setting for flash sterilizing a metal, nonlumen, nonporous item in a gravity displacement autoclave is 3 minutes at 270 degrees Fahrenheit. - Answer-True EO gas is a safer and faster sterilization alternative to hydrogen peroxide plasma vapor for most heat and pressure sensitive items. - Answer-False Items that have been sterilized with peracetic acid are intended for immediate use only. - Answer-True Sterilization by ionizing radiation is commonly done in the Central Service Departments of major trauma centers. - Answer-False Items must be clean and dry prior to immersion in Cidex. - Answer-True Following immersion in Cidex all items must be soaked in saline prior to use. - Answer-False

All of the following statements regarding sterilization are true except: - Answer-All instruments must be in the closed position ____ is/are used in the operating room and elsewhere in the hospital to render objects nearly free, but not completely free, of microorganisms. - Answer-Disinfectants ____ is a process/are processes that destroy(s) all forms of microorganisms except bacterial spores. - Answer-High-level disinfection ____ items are items that must be sterile. These items enter sterile tissue or the vascular system. - Answer-Critical ____ items come into contact with mucous membranes and therefore must be free of microorganisms except for bacterial spores. - Answer-Semicritical ____ items do not penetrate the patient's intact skin or come into direct contact with his/her mucous membranes. - Answer-Noncritical Because paper products are difficult or impossible to decontaminate, patient's charts, x-rays, and lab documentation should be ____. - Answer-Keep free from contamination Personnel participating in the cleanup following a surgical procedure must ____. - Answer-Be attired in PPE At the end of each day, operating suites should undergo ____. This process involves cleaning all items within the suite, including walls, ceilings, floors, and equipment. - Answer-terminal disinfection

When instruments are received in the processing area, they are sorted and the instruments with detachable parts are disassembled. Instruments are disassembled because ____. - Answer-This exposes all areas so they can be properly cleaned Instruments may be placed in the ultrasonic cleaner to further remove particles and debris through a process called "cavitation." Because cavitation is not ____, all instruments subjected to it must also be processed in the washer-sterilizer/decontaminator prior to reassembly. - Answer-A disinfecting or sterilizing process It is critical that all personnel working in surgery or those working with surgical supplies and equipment understand the process of sterilization. Contamination of body tissue with nonsterile instruments can lead to ____. - Answer-Serious patient infection and /or death The current emphasis on cost cutting in the health-care system had led many hospitals to ____ single- use items. - Answer-Selectively reprocess A machine that cleans instruments by a process known as cavitation. - Answer-Ultrasonic cleaner An agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms on skin and mucous membranes. - Answer- Antiseptic A method of sterilization that utilizes Cobalt 60. - Answer-Ionizing radiation The process through which all microorganisms and spores are destroyed. - Answer-Sterilization The process of rendering contaminated items safe to handle. - Answer-Decontamination Another name for a steam sterilizer. - Answer-Autoclave

The length of time a wrapped package remains sterile while in storage. - Answer-Shelf life An agent that kills bacteria. - Answer-Bacteriocidal The liquid chemical sterilization system that utilizes peracetic acid. - Answer-Steris system The process that involves water, detergent, and mechanical action. - Answer-Cleaning All methods of sterilization require three basic elements to be effective. Those elements are concentration, temperature, and time. - Answer-False In facilities that utilize elevator access to transport case carts between the OR and the Central Service Department, two separate elevators must be used. One elevator is used to transport clean items and the other to transport contaminated items. - Answer-True A daily air removal test (Bowie Dick) is utilized to test the efficiency of air removal in the gravity displacement steam sterilizer. - Answer-False It is important for the surgical technologist to understand that chemical indicators do not guarantee sterility but rather suggest that certain conditions for sterility have been met. - Answer-True Instruments intended for use on tissue or with in a body cavity are considered semicitical items. - Answer-False The surgical technologist must understand that an item is either sterile or it is not sterile. - Answer-True Which of the following statements regarding the sterilization of basin sets is true? - Answer-Basins in a set must be separated by porous material if they are nested

The best assurance we have that sterilization conditions have been achieved is through ____. - Answer- Biological indicators The safest, most practical means for sterilizing heat and moisture stable items is ____. - Answer-Steam under pressure Please describe the conditions in which flash sterilization is appropriate. - Answer-you would use flash sterilization when you need to clean patient care items that cant be packaged, sterilized and stored before use. Also used when there isnt enough time to fully sterilized them using a steam sterilizer Items must be cleaned prior to disinfection because disinfectants are weakened in the presence of organic material. - Answer-True Disinfectants with a mild odor are typically less toxic and safe to use on human tissue. - Answer-False Sodium hypochlorite is another name for household bleach. - Answer-True The typical sequence for decontaminating a surgical suite is ____. - Answer-Spot lights, OR furniture, OR table, floor The number of microbes or organic debris that exist at a given time is referred to as ____. - Answer- Bioburden The primary reason saline should not be used as a preliminary soaking solution for stainless steel instruments is ____. - Answer-Saline will pit stainless steel A catalyst used to aid in the breakdown of organic material such as blood and tissue is a(n) ____. - Answer-Enzyme

Tyvek peel pouches are specifically designed for use in Sterrad sterilizers. - Answer-True The appropriate setting for flash sterilizing a stainless steel Poole suction tip in a gravity displacement autoclave is 3 minutes at 270 degrees Fahrenheit. - Answer-False Surgery breaks the body's primary barrier to infection and provides a portal of entry for microorganisms

• Answer-True Hair that is removed from the patient in preparation for a craniotomy is considered the patient's property and should be sent with the patient following surgery - Answer-True Prior to surgery, the skin must be washed or painted with a high level disinfectant to reduce the number of transient and normal microorganisms to an absolute minimum - Answer-True The most common cause of surgical site infections is the normal skin bacteria of the patient and the surgical team members - Answer-True ________must never be shaved because of the potential for abnormal regrowth and/or failure to regrow - Answer-Eyebrows The patient may choose to not remove his/her jewelry as it poses no risk if left in place - Answer-False For best postoperative results, the patient should shave the surgical site at least 12 hours before the procedure is scheduled. - Answer-False When alcohol based products are used for the surgical prep, the area msut be completely dry before the drapes are placed on the patient - Answer-True

The principles of aseptic technique do not apply to the process of surgical skin preparation - Answer- False Because the surgical skin preparation occurs in the preoperative phase of surgical patient care, the sponges used must be radiopaque - Answer-False When more than one procedure is planned during the same surgery, each site must be prepped separately, using a different preparation setup for each site - Answer-True When removing the drapes from the patient, pull them carefully away from the patient starting at the patient's head and proceeding downward - Answer-True The ________ is used for procedures of the nose and throat. It protects the eyes during surgery and provides a sterile barrier over the head - Answer-Turban drape When draping an extremity, a/an ________ would be used on the hand or foot to isolate bacteria from the nails. - Answer-Impervious stockinette When draping the patient for surgery, once a towel or drape has been placed on the patient _______ - Answer-it must remain in place When prepping the abdomen for surgery, what should you do first? - Answer-Clean the umbilicus with swabs, then begin at the incision site A/an __________ requires a surgical skin preparation boundary that extend from the nipple line to the midthigh and down the sides to table level - Answer-Appendectomy Chlorhexidine gluconate prep solutions should never be used________ - Answer-In or around the eyes and ears

Any area that is highly colonized with microorganisms, such as a colostomy area, is prepped ________. - Answer-Last and/or separately During coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the saphenous vein is often removed and used to replace the coronary vessel. How is the patient prepped for their procedure? - Answer-The leg and thorax are prepped separately, using a different setup for each site When prepping a limb during general anesthesia, _______ may result if the limb is not kept in an anatomically correct position - Answer-Fractures or dislocations ______ result/results when preparation solutions are allowed to pool underneath the patient - Answer- Chemical burns ______is the body's primary defense against infection - Answer-Unbroken skin, including mucous membranes When squaring off the surgical site with towels, the first towel should be placed on the side of the patient farthest from the person applying the drapes - Answer-False It may be necessary to carry the drape towels to the opposite side/ surgeon's die of the operating table as drapes are not to be passed over nonsterile areas - Answer-True ______ isolate and protect the operative site from contaminants - Answer-Drapes The top/superior edge of the laparotomy drape is usually secured to _______ - Answer-The anesthesia screen/ IV poles _______ drapes have openings for exposure of the area that is to be incised - Answer-Fenestrated