TBS Phase 3 Exam1 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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TBS Phase 3 Exam1 Questions and Answers

Five essential elements of offensive SOM - Correct Answer DDFTC -Distribution of Forces One ME/Multiple SEs -Direction of Attack Direction of movement upon crossing the line of departure (LD) -Form of Maneuver Frontal or flanking at TBS -TCMs Sequential brief of all TCMS (AA, Atk Pos, LD, RP, ORP, Aslt Pos, Obj, etc.) -Consolidation Security, resupply, CASEVAC, etc. Know methods of SBF occupation - Correct Answer Stealth Achieved when the enemy is not aware of the support by fire position until the SBF initiates fire--provides surprise and prevents early deployment of friendly forces Force Required when the enemy observes the occupation, or is currently positioned on the planned support by fire position. The SBF element will need to destroy, clear, or neutralize any enemy on that SBF location and be prepared to begin immediate suppression in the objective. The commander should not occupy the support by fire position until ready for the supporting fires in order to mitigate friendly exposure to enemy fires. Know methods of occupying PLD and advantages/disadvantages of each - Correct Answer Crow's Foot Bent L Hybrid/Combination Know how to build TTLODAC within EFST - Correct Answer -Target Consists of tgt description and tgt number (you don't pick your own) -Trigger This is the condition to fire the target. For scheduled targets, the trigger will be associated with a time. Cannot make the trigger on order or on signal. The trigger is always associated with an event (more than 'on observation,' as well) -Location Include grid zone designator and at least 6 digit grid

-Observer Must have primary and alternate -Delivery System Must be primary and alternate -Attack Guidance Type of ammo -Communication Nets Primary and alternate Define types of defensive ops - Correct Answer -Mobile Where the bulk of the force is held as a mobile striking force with strict economy applied to dedicated positional supporting efforts designed to canalize, delay, and disrupt the enemy's attack In this case, the static positions help control the depth and breadth of enemy penetrations and ensure retention of ground from which to launch counterattacks (MCDP 1-0) -Area Orients on retention of terrain by absorbing the enemy in an interlocking series of positions and destroying him largely by fires Mutual support and positions in depth force the enemy to expose his force in the attack to each position (MCWP 3-1) Dynamic elements include patrols, intelligence units, and reserve forces to cover gaps among defensive positions, reinforcing those positions as necessary and counterattacking as directed (MCDP 1-0) -Retrograde Involves organized movement away from the enemy A transitional operation, the retrograde defense occurs within a larger scheme designed to regain the initiative from the enemy Three specific defensive methods—delay, withdrawal, and retirement—are associated with the retrograde Define methods of defensive ops - Correct Answer -Battle Position Oriented on the most likely enemy avenue of approach from which a unit may defend or attack It can be used to deny or delay the enemy the use of certain terrain or an avenue of approach Because a battle position is oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach, it will generally be linear in nature so that the defender is able to mass his fires and maximize effects -Strongpoint

A fortified defensive position designed to deny the enemy certain terrain as well as the use of an avenue of approach It differs from a battle position in that it is designed to be occupied for an extended period of time It is established on critical terrain and must be held for the defense to succeed A strongpoint is organized for all-around defense and should have sufficient supplies and ammunition to continue to fight even if surrounded or cut off from resupply A strongpoint will typically contain significant combat service support assets and will generally be utilized at the battalion level and above -Perimeter A perimeter defense is oriented in all directions--A unit can use this defensive technique to accomplish a specific mission, such as defend friendly infrastructure, or to provide immediate self-protection, such as during resupply operations when all- around security is required Weapons employment considerations are similar to those used when conducting a strongpoint The commander establishes a perimeter defense when the unit must hold critical terrain, or when it must defend itself in areas where the defense is not tied in with adjacent units Within a perimeter defense, a subordinate unit may utilize another defensive technique as part of the larger unit's perimeter defense -Reverse-slope A reverse slope is any slope which descends away from the enemy--A reverse slope defense is organized so that the main defensive Know elements of defensive SOM (TDOOTS) - Correct Answer -Type/Method of Defense E.g. Area defense using Battle Position/linear/reverse slope method -Distribution of Forces Main Effort, SE1, SE2, SE3, etc. -Orientation Cardinal Direction (South) -Occupation Method Same as an ambush: (Crow's Foot, Bent L, Combination) -Tactical Control Measures The way the platoon commander will sequence and control the defense, just as the platoon commander uses them in the attack: Target Reference Points, Trigger Lines, Patrol Routes, ORP, and similar ones should be included -Security Plan

How will the platoon provide local security during all aspects of the defense: Upon Occupation, LP/OP and patrolling efforts, when 'Stand-to' will be conducted, etc. Be able to define defense in depth; explain multiple ways in which we can achieve defense in depth - Correct Answer Defense in depth is the positioning of mutually supporting defensive positions throughout the defensive battle-space to absorb and progressively weaken an enemy attack. It provides maneuver space within the defensive area for the maneuver of subordinate units against the enemy's main effort. Achieved by: Engaging the enemy at the earliest opportunity with patrols and LP/OPs. Employing weapons at maximum effective range. Using blocking positions, obstacles, and supplementary positions throughout the engagement area. Planning for decisive use of the least engaged unit and fire support units at the decisive moment in the engagement Know differences between types of BPs and how to graphically depict them - Correct Answer Primary (solid line) The best place to accomplish the assigned mission--focused on the enemy's most likely avenue of approach. Alternate (dashed line) Where a unit can still accomplish its assigned mission, occupied when the primary BP becomes either untenable or unsuitable. Supplementary (dashed line) Allow a unit to address unexpected enemy schemes of maneuver (for example, they may cover the flank of the primary positions) Subsequent A preplanned position to which a unit expects to move during the course of the defensive battle Know purpose of fire plan sketch - Correct Answer -The Fire Plan Sketch is a graphical, to scale, depiction of the battle position and engagement area -It verifies that all weapon systems were emplaced correctly so that their fires are de-conflicted with friendly positions, distributed across the width and depth of the EA, and massed appropriately

-The platoon commander creates this fire plan sketch off of the squad leader's fire plan sketch and crew served weapons range cards -The squad leader creates their fire plan sketch off of the individual fighting positions' range cards Know four methods to control fires in defense - Correct Answer -TRPs Easily recognizable points on the ground (either natural or man-made) used to initiate, distribute, and control fires. Fire team and squad leaders must all understand their respective TRPs to ensure proper distribution of fires. -Trigger Lines A designated linear feature (selected along identifiable terrain) in an engagement area used to commence massed fires at a predetermined range. Trigger lines assist in synchronizing the defensive plan to maximize weapons effects in the engagement area. Units and weapon systems should understand which trigger line is used to commence their respective fires. These tactical control measures, both the trigger lines and the target reference points, may be naturally occurring or they may be marked by the defender. What matters most is that these tactical control measures are universally understood and provide a common frame of reference for the defending unit. -Engagement Criteria Normally associated with trigger lines or specific enemy elements, engagement criteria allows Marines to engage enemy targets at the proper time in accordance with the platoon commander's overall scheme of maneuver. Simplified engagement criteria tells Marines WHEN to engage. It facilitates decentralized execution and proper synchronization to maximize weapons effects in the engagement area. This control measure also assists in concealing friendly assets, such as machine guns, until the decisive time and place in the defensive scheme of maneuver despite enemy reconnaissance techniques -Target Precedence When engagement criteria is met by multiple targets simultaneously, target precedence determines the order in which targets should be engaged. Each weapon system is given target precedence in accordance with its capabilities. Another control measure facilitating decentralized execution, the platoon co Know types of permissive fire support control measures - Correct Answer Permissive: facilitate the attack of targets, allow for execution of fires with no further coordination when engaging targets across unit boundaries. -Free Fire Area (FFA): designated area where any weapon system may fire or have effects without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters.

-Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL): Joint imaginary line that expedites surface- to-surface (arty, mortars, NSGF) and air-to-surface attack beyond the FSCL without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. -Battlefield Coordination Line (BCL): A USMC imaginary line that expedites surface- to-surface and air-to-surface attacks beneath the FSCL but beyond the CFL without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. This FSCM is used exclusively by MAGTF fire support assets Coordinated Firing Line (CFL): joint imaginary line that expedites surface-to-surface attack beyond the CFL without coordination with ground commander in whose area the targets are located Know types of restrictive fire support control measures - Correct Answer Restrictive: impose certain requirements for specific coordination prior to the engagement of those targets affected by the measure. Provides safeguards for friendly forces. -Restrictive Firing Line (RFL): Line established between converging friendly forces (one or both may be moving) that prohibits fires, or effects of fires, across the line without coordination with the affected force. The purpose of the RFL is to regulate all fires occurring between converging forces. -Restrictive Firing Area (RFA): An RFA is an area in which specific firing or coordination restrictions are imposed and any fires in excess that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters. The purpose of the RFA is to regulate fires into an area according to the stated restrictions. This means that fires or certain types of ordnance (e.g., limitations on improved conventional munitions (ICM / DPICM) or family of scatter- able mines (FASCAM) can be controlled in an area where friendly forces are or will be located -No Fire Area (NFA): An NFA is an area into which no fires or effects of fire are allowed. The two exceptions to an NFA are: The establishing headquarters may approve fires temporarily within the NFA on a mission-by-mission basis or if any enemy force within the NFA engages a friendly force and the engaged unit leader determines there is no time for coordination, he may "respond in kind" with fires into the NFA. The purpose of the NFA is to prohibit fires or their effects in the area, normally to protect civilians. Know definition of restrictive firing area - Correct Answer Restrictive: impose certain requirements for specific coordination prior to the engagement of those targets affected by the measure. Provides safeguards for friendly forces. Review adjustments of fire--know how to make deviation/correction spottings and corrections - Correct Answer -Give Position Report

-Get Observer to Target (OT) Direction (in mils, remember to factor in GM angle) -Get OT Distance (can use terrain/map association, distance estimation, or range finding device) -Determine OT Factor (divide distance by 1000, round to nearest whole number, ENDS IN 5 IT APPLIES (down)) -Plot the Target Use binos to determine if far/short and how many mils left or right. Multiply mils left or right by OT Factor and make sure to bracket based on long/short. Know four battlefield functions of engineering; DEFENSE - Correct Answer Mobility Counter Mobility Survivability General Engineering Know four battlefield functions of engineering; DEFENSE - Correct Answer - Mobility: quality or capacity of military forces which permits them to move from place to place while retaining their primary mission. Mobility support assists forces to move rapidly, mass, disperse, and be resupplied. Tasks: Prepare counterattack routes clear of obstacles and/or have prepared breaches. Prepare combat trails for counterattacks and lateral movement between battle positions. Prepare lanes and gaps through obstacle zones and belts. Reduce obstacles created by enemy fires and sabotage. Clear landing zones for resupply and medical evacuations (MEDEVACs) -Counter-mobility: to delay, channel, or stop movement by the enemy in order to destroy its forces directly or indirectly by enhancing the effectiveness of friendly weapon systems .Deny ability to execute plan: Dirupting combat formations Interfering with command and control Creating a vulnerability that friendly forces can exploit Destroy or disable vehicles Development of obstacles plan to support maneuver commander's concept of operations Assist in the installation and recording of minefields. Provide technical assistance and supervise the construction of specific obstacles. -Survivability: includes all aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies. The objective of survivability is to reduce exposure to threat acquisition, targeting and engagement, and the effects of weather and thereby contribute to a successful

defense. Depending on the priority of work and engineer assets available, engineers will provide technical assistance or assist in constructing: Fortifications Anti-armor and crew-served weapons positions (hot and cold positions). Armored vehicle positions (hull defilade vs. turret defilade). Hardened command posts and combat support positions. Protective Obstacles Strong-points Camouflage Development of deception plan -General eng Know four battlefield functions of engineering OFFENSE - Correct Answer - Mobility: key to successful offensive operations. Its major focus is to enable friendly forces to maneuver freely on the battlefield. Mobility missions in the offense are: Engineer reconnaissance. Often necessary for reliable mobility information about the area over which the force is planning to advance. This reconnaissance must be made prior to friendly movement, since the information gained provides a basis for the estimate of engineer personnel, supplies, and equipment necessary to support the operation as well as the ability of the force to move in a certain area. Expedient/hasty road repair. Repair of minor combat damage to existing combat roads and trails. Follow-on forces in a general engineering role would handle extensive damage. River crossings. River crossings are among the most critical, complex, and vulnerable combined arms operations. River crossings will be conducted using assault or standard bridging equipment. Construction of landing zones (LZs)/forward arming and refueling points (FARPS). Helicopter-borne operations will require combat engineer support to clear landing zones and to construct FARPs. Construction and maintenance of expeditionary airfields. Engineers are organized and equipped to construct, repair, and maintain expeditionary airfields. They are equipped to construct these airfields in locations such as abandoned or existing airfields, highways, or reasonably level terrain with suitable soil conditions that require a minimum of construction effort. Obstacle breaching. The most recognized mission of engineers in the mobility functional role. Engineer support is needed to breach an obstacle any time a maneuver unit cannot by itself overcome an obstacle without affecting forward momentum -Counter-mobility: vital to help isolate the battlefield and protect the attacking force from enemy c

Know breaching fundamentals [24] - Correct Answer -Suppress: Suppression is the focus of all available direct and indirect fires on enemy personnel, weapons, or equipment to prevent effective fires on friendly forces. The purpose of suppression is to protect forces reducing and maneuvering through the obstacle and to soften the initial foothold. Suppressive fires in sufficient volume, a 3:1 minimum ratio, serve to isolate the breach site -Obscure: Obscuration hampers enemy observation and target acquisition and conceals friendly activities and movement. It may be employed to protect obstacle reduction, passage of assault forces and deployment of forces in assault formations. -Secure: The force secures the breaching site to prevent the enemy from interfering with obstacle reduction and passage of the assault force through the lanes created. Identifying the extent of enemy defenses is critical before selecting the appropriate technique to secure the breach. In general, enemy tactical obstacles are secured by fire and protective obstacles are secured by force -Reduce: Once the other breaching fundamentals have been applied and become effective, obstacle reduction to create lanes through or over the obstacle begin. The number and width of lanes varies with the situation and type of breaching operation. The lanes must be sufficient to allow the force to cross and accomplish the mission. -Assault: A breaching operation is complete when the attacking force has assaulted through the obstacle and seized the far side objective, and eliminated enemy direct and indirect fires on the reduction area; and battle handover (if planned) with follow on forces has occurred. Know task organization of breach force [25] - Correct Answer -Support force: T -Breach force: -Assault force: Know support relationship for MGs [MGE p13] - Correct Answer General support- support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any particular subdivision Direct- is assigned fires directly supporting the platoon (ME) Attachments- placement of a unit in an org. Where such placement is relatively temporary Know 8 principles of MG employment (PICMDEEP) [8-9] - Correct Answer Pairs- employ in pairs at all times

Interlocking fires- double firepower employed across the units frontage Coordination of fires- maximum effectiveness of all weapons, conserve ammo, and mask the mg positions Mutual support- if one fails or is overrun, the other needs to accomplish the mission Defilade- fire the gun behind the mask of terrain outside the effects and observation of the enemy. Enfilade- the long axis of the beaten zone coincides with the long axis of the target Economy- utilize the appropriate weapons in accordance with the threat. Protection- ensure maximum survivability Know two** types of missions assigned to MGs in the defense [6] - Correct Answer Principal direction of fire- covers the most dangerous avenue of approach to a defensive position. Final protective line- predetermined line of grazing fire designed to stop an enemy assault Know offensive fire control measures for machine guns [20] - Correct Answer - Target Precedence: What do I shoot? When presented with multiple targets, what takes priority? M16 key leaders, radio operators... -Engagement Criteria: When do I shoot? In regards to friendly sequencing/enemy actions/terrain -MSLs/Coordination Lines- When are these established and how are they communicated -Rates of fire: When do i need additional effects on target? Displacement criteria (MORT) Know defensive FCMs for MGs [20] - Correct Answer -Target Precedence: What do I shoot? When presented with multiple targets, what takes priority? M16 key leaders, radio operators... -Engagement Criteria: When do I shoot? In regards to friendly sequencing/enemy actions/terrain -Triggerlines- When are these established and how are they communicated Incorporated with target precedence and engagement criteria -FPL/PDF: When do they fire? Displacement criteria (MORT) Know how target reference points aid MG units - Correct Answer "Allows platoon commanders and squad leaders to fight their MGs with more efficiency and

effectiveness. TRPs allow subordinates to acquire targets faster in places otherwise hard to describe. Know how to construct proper MG tasking statements [21/23] - Correct Answer Offensive: "Machinegun Squad - upon effective suppression from 60mm mortars, suppress from TRP 1 through TRP 3 IOT allow maneuver to destroy platoon objective 1." Defensive: "Machinegun Squad 1 - upon enemy crossing TL White, fix the enemy in Engagement Area Havoc IOT prevent the enemy from crossing Hidalgo Bridge. Upon occupation establish a PDF. O/S fire the PDF." Know components of MORT statement for MG displacement and two methods of displacement [15] - Correct Answer -Method Echelon: "leap frogging"- one element displacing while the adjacent two elements provide security: ( More security/ Slower) Unit: One bound- where en-route security to the objective is not a major factor. Units can displace from SBF by unit. (Less Security/ Faster) -Objective: Unit be forced or directed to move to one of two types of locations: Move to objective Move to secondary SBF position in order to continue support of an attack after the initial position has become untenable -Route How are they going to get to the desired location -Time- Conditions based, signal based, and consider if fires are needed again and not exposing SBF to quickly Method of MORT Stmt - Correct Answer Echelon: "leap frogging"- one element displacing while the adjacent two elements provide security: ( More security/ Slower) Unit: One bound- where en-route security to the objective is not a major factor. Units can displace from SBF by unit. (Less Security/ Faster) Objective Mort Statment - Correct Answer Objective: Unit be forced or directed to move to one of two types of locations: Move to objective Move to secondary SBF position in order to continue support of an attack after the initial position has become untenable Route Mort Statment - Correct Answer -Route How are they going to get to the desired location

Time MORT Stmt - Correct Answer Time- Conditions based, signal based, and consider if fires are needed again and not exposing SBF to quickly Offensive MG tasking Stmt - Correct Answer Offensive: "Machinegun Squad - upon effective suppression from 60mm mortars, suppress from TRP 1 through TRP 3 IOT allow maneuver to destroy platoon objective 1." Defensive MG Tsk Statment - Correct Answer Defensive: "Machinegun Squad 1 - upon enemy crossing TL White, fix the enemy in Engagement Area Havoc IOT prevent the enemy from crossing Hidalgo Bridge. Upon occupation establish a PDF. O/S fire the PDF. Principal Direction of Fire (PDF) - Correct Answer covers the most dangerous avenue of approach to a defensive position Final Protective Line - Correct Answer An FPL is a predetermined line along which grazing fire is placed to stop an enemy assault. When not firing at other targets, you will lay your gun on the FPL or PDF. Task Org Breach Force - Correct Answer Support force: The support force's primary responsibility is to eliminate the enemy's ability to interfere with the breaching operation. Suppression is critical for a successful breach; therefore, the first priority of force allocation is the support force. A ratio of 3:1 against the enemy in direct and indirect weapons is generally required for a deliberate breach. For a hasty breach, a ratio of 2.5:1 is required. The support force is responsible for: -Isolating the battlefield with fires and suppressing enemy fires covering the obstacle. -Massing direct and indirect fires to fix the enemy in position and to destroy any weapons that are able to bring fires on the breaching force. -Control obscuring smoke to prevent enemy-observed direct and indirect fires. The breach force's primary mission is to - Correct Answer primary mission is to reduce the obstacle and facilitate the passage of the assault force by creating, proofing, and marking lanes. The breach force is a combined arms force of engineers, breaching assets, and enough maneuver force to provide local security. It is broken down into two elements; Security and Reduction. The security element is primarily maneuver forces and is normally responsible for providing additional suppression, obscuration, and local security. The reduction element is comprised of the reduction assets. The breach force must be capable of creating a minimum of one lane for each assault company or two lanes for a mechanized task force. Ideally, the breach force wants a minimum 50 percent redundancy in its equipment and organization to account for the heavy casualties that are usually expected in breaching operations. After reducing the obstacle, the breach force may be required to secure a lodgment on the far side for deployment of the assault force into an assault formation.

Assault Force Breach Mission - Correct Answer primary mission is to destroy or dislodge the enemy from the far side of the obstacle; it secures the far side of the obstacle by physical occupation. The assault force must be sufficient in size to seize objectives that eliminate fires on the breaching site. Combat power is allocated to the assault force to achieve a 3:1 ratio on the assault objective. Breach Fundamentals: Supress - Correct Answer Suppression is the focus of all available direct and indirect fires on enemy personnel, weapons, or equipment to prevent effective fires on friendly forces. The purpose of suppression is to protect forces reducing and maneuvering through the obstacle and to soften the initial foothold. Suppressive fires in sufficient volume, a 3:1 minimum ratio, serve to isolate the breach site Breach Fundamentals: Obscure - Correct Answer Obscuration hampers enemy observation and target acquisition and conceals friendly activities and movement. It may be employed to protect obstacle reduction, passage of assault forces and deployment of forces in assault formations. Breaching fundamentals Secure - Correct Answer The force secures the breaching site to prevent the enemy from interfering with obstacle reduction and passage of the assault force through the lanes created. Identifying the extent of enemy defenses is critical before selecting the appropriate technique to secure the breach. In general, enemy tactical obstacles are secured by fire and protective obstacles are secured by force Breaching Fundamentals: Reduce - Correct Answer Once the other breaching fundamentals have been applied and become effective, obstacle reduction to create lanes through or over the obstacle begin. The number and width of lanes varies with the situation and type of breaching operation. The lanes must be sufficient to allow the force to cross and accomplish the mission. Breaching fundamentals Assault - Correct Answer Assault: A breaching operation is complete when the attacking force has assaulted through the obstacle and seized the far side objective, and eliminated enemy direct and indirect fires on the reduction area; and battle handover (if planned) with follow on forces has occurred. Breaching Fundamentals (SOSRA) - Correct Answer Suppress Obscure Secure Reduce Assault Four battle field functions of engineering - Correct Answer Mobility Counter Mobility Survivability General Engineering

Mobility in the Defense - Correct Answer Mobility: quality or capacity of military forces which permits them to move from place to place while retaining their primary mission. Mobility support assists forces to move rapidly, mass, disperse, and be resupplied. Tasks: -Prepare counterattack routes clear of obstacles and/or have prepared breaches. -Prepare combat trails for counterattacks and lateral movement between battle positions. -Prepare lanes and gaps through obstacle zones and belts. -Reduce obstacles created by enemy fires and sabotage. -Clear landing zones for resupply and medical evacuations (MEDEVACs) Counter Mobility in the defense - Correct Answer to delay, channel, or stop movement by the enemy in order to destroy its forces directly or indirectly by enhancing the effectiveness of friendly weapon systems .-Deny ability to execute plan: Disrupting combat formations Interfering with command and control Creating a vulnerability that friendly forces can exploit Destroy or disable vehicles Development of obstacles plan to support maneuver commander's concept of operations Assist in the installation and recording of minefields. Provide technical assistance and supervise the construction of specific obstacles. Survivability in the defense - Correct Answer includes all aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies. The objective of survivability is to reduce exposure to threat acquisition, targeting and engagement, and the effects of weather and thereby contribute to a successful defense. Depending on the priority of work and engineer assets available, engineers will provide technical assistance or assist in constructing: Fortifications Anti-armor and crew-served weapons positions (hot and cold positions). Armored vehicle positions (hull defilade vs. turret defilade). Hardened command posts and combat support positions.

Protective Obstacles Strong-points Camouflage Development of deception plan General Engineering in the Defense - Correct Answer General engineering encompasses those engineer tasks that establish and maintain the infrastructure required to conduct and sustain military operations Maintain and improve lines of communication and main supply routes. Construct and repair support facilities. Store and dispense fuel and water. Construct airfields and aircraft support facilities. Mobility in the Offense - Correct Answer key to successful offensive operations. Its major focus is to enable friendly forces to maneuver freely on the battlefield. Mobility missions in the offense are: Engineer reconnaissance. Expedient/hasty road repair. River crossings. Construction of landing zones (LZs)/forward arming and refueling points (FARPS). Construction and maintenance of expeditionary airfields. Obstacle breaching. The most recognized mission of engineers in the mobility functional role. Counter-mobility in the Offense - Correct Answer vital to help isolate the battlefield and protect the attacking force from enemy counterattacks. Obstacles will be used in offensive operations to: Block or inhibit enemy movement. -Help secure flanks -impede enemy counter attack Concentrate combat power. Survivability in the Offense - Correct Answer 1. Engineer expertise, manpower, material, and equipment assist units to improve survivability through: Construction of fighting and protective positions. Assistance in camouflage and deception.

General Engineering in the Offense - Correct Answer 1. the sustainability of the force, ensuring that combat support and combat service support functions are able to remain as close as possible to maneuver units by: •Replacing assault and tactical bridging with semi permanent fixed bridging. •Improving and maintaining lines of communication (LOC) and main supply routes (MSRs). •Constructing support facilities. •Constructing forward airfields and airfield support facilities. •Clearing minefields and other obstacles. No Fire Area (NFA) - Correct Answer An area into which no fires or effects of fire are allowed The two exceptions to an NFA are: -The establishing headquarters may approve fires temporarily within the NFA on a mission-by-mission basis -Or if any enemy force within the NFA engages a friendly force and the engaged unit leader determines there is no time for coordination, he may "respond in kind" with fires into the NFA. The purpose of the NFA is to prohibit fires or their effects in the area, normally to protect civilians. Restrictive Fire Area (RFA) - Correct Answer An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters. Restrictive Fire Line (RFL) - Correct Answer A line established between converging friendly forces (one or both may be moving) that prohibits fires, or effects of fires, across the line without coordination with the affected force. Restrictive - Correct Answer (impose certain requirements for specific coordination prior to the engagement of those targets affected by the measure--provides safeguards for friendly forces) Free Fire Area (FFA) - Correct Answer Specific designated area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters.

Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL) - Correct Answer Expedite surface-to- surface AND air-to-surface attack beyond FSCL without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. Battlefield Coordination Line (BCL) - Correct Answer Expedite surface-to-surface AND air-to-surface attack beyond FSCL without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located EXCLUSIVELY BY MAGTF FIRE SUPPORT ASSETS. Coordinated Fire Line (CFL) - Correct Answer expedites surface-to-surface attack beyond the CFL without coordination with ground commander in whose area the targets are located Target Precedence - Correct Answer : When engagement criteria is met by multiple targets simultaneously, target precedence determines the order in which targets should be engaged. Each weapon system is given target precedence in accordance with its capabilities. Another control measure facilitating decentralized execution, the platoon commander should develop target precedence which maximizes weapons effects and which will most quickly disrupt the enemy's scheme of maneuver. While engagement criteria tells Marines WHEN to engage, target precedence tells Marines WHAT to engage. Engagement Criteria - Correct Answer Normally associated with trigger lines or specific enemy elements, engagement criteria allows Marines to engage enemy targets at the proper time in accordance with the platoon commander's overall scheme of maneuver. Simplified engagement criteria tells Marines WHEN to engage. It facilitates decentralized execution and proper synchronization to maximize weapons effects in the engagement area. This control measure also assists in concealing friendly assets, such as machine guns, until the decisive time and place in the defensive scheme of maneuver despite enemy reconnaissance techniques Trigger Lines - Correct Answer A designated linear feature (selected along identifiable terrain) in an engagement area used to commence massed fires at a predetermined range Target Reference Point (TRP) - Correct Answer An easily identifiable point on the ground (either natural or man-made) used to initiate, distribute, and control fires Purpose of a fire plan sketch - Correct Answer The Fire Plan Sketch is a graphical, to scale, depiction of the battle position and engagement area

It verifies that all weapon systems were emplaced correctly so that their fires are deconflicted with friendly positions, distributed across the width and depth of the EA, and massed appropriately The platoon commander creates this fire plan sketch off of the squad leader's fire plan sketch and crew served weapons range cards The squad leader creates their fire plan sketch off of the individual fighting positions' range cards Defense in Depth - Correct Answer Defense in depth is the positioning of mutually supporting defensive positions throughout the defensive battlespace to absorb and progressively weaken an enemy attack. It provides maneuver space within the defensive area for the maneuver of subordinate units against the enemy's main effort. How is a Defense in Depth Achieved - Correct Answer Engaging the enemy at the earliest opportunity with patrols and LP/OPs. Employing weapons at maximum effective range. Using blocking positions, obstacles, and supplementary positions throughout the engagement area. Planning for decisive use of the least engaged unit and fire support units at the decisive moment in the engagement Defensive SOM - Correct Answer TDOOTS Type/Method of Defense - The type and method to be used: (Area defense using Battle Position/linear/reverse slope method) Distribution of Forces - (Main Effort, SE1, SE2, SE3, etc.) Orientation - Cardinal Direction Occupation Method - Same as an ambush: (Crow's Foot, Bent L, Combination) Tactical Control Measures - The way the platoon commander will sequence and control the defense, just as the platoon commander uses them in the attack: Target Reference Points, Trigger Lines, Patrol Routes, ORP, and similar ones should be included.

Security Plan - How will the platoon provide local security during all aspects of the defense: Upon Occupation, LP/OP and patrolling efforts, when 'Stand-to' will be conducted, etc. Reverse Slope Defense - Correct Answer A reverse slope is any slope which descends away from the enemy--A reverse slope defense is organized so that the main defensive positions are masked from enemy observation and direct fire by a topographical crest Units deployed on terrain that is masked from enemy direct fires. Key to this defense is control of the crest of the hill with direct fires. Perimeter Defense - Correct Answer oriented in all directions--A unit can use this defensive technique to accomplish a specific mission, such as defend friendly infrastructure, or to provide immediate self-protection, such as during resupply operations when all-around security is required Strong Point Defense - Correct Answer A fortified defensive position designed to deny the enemy certain terrain as well as the use of an avenue of approach It differs from a battle position in that it is designed to be occupied for an extended period of time A strongpoint is organized for all-around defense and should have sufficient supplies and ammunition to continue to fight even if surrounded or cut off from resupply Battle Position (BP) - Correct Answer A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. it can be used to deny or delay the enemy the use of certain terrain or an avenue of approach Because a battle position is oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach, it will generally be linear in nature so that the defender is able to mass his fires and maximize effects mobile defense - Correct Answer Where the bulk of the force is held as a mobile striking force with strict economy applied to dedicated positional supporting efforts designed to canalize, delay, and disrupt the enemy's attack Area Defense - Correct Answer Orients on retention of terrain by absorbing the enemy in an interlocking series of positions and destroying him largely by fires Dynamic elements include patrols, intelligence units, and reserve forces to cover gaps among defensive positions, reinforcing those positions as necessary and counterattacking as directed (MCDP 1-0) Retrograde Defense - Correct Answer Involves organized movement away from the enemy

A transitional operation, the retrograde defense occurs within a larger scheme designed to regain the initiative from the enemy Three specific defensive methods—delay, withdrawal, and retirement—are associated with the retrograde