TCEQ CLASS D WATER OPERATOR LICENSE EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 180 QUESTIONS/ANSWERS, Exams of Water Resources Planning and Management

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TCEQ CLASS D WATER OPERATOR LICENSE EXAM

NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 180 QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED

ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

What are some physical characteristics of water? Temperature, turbidity, color, taste, odor What are some chemical characteristics of water? Hardness, pH, solids, and gases What is turbidity? the amount of suspended matter, such as clay, silt, organic matter, and microorganisms in water T/F Water is never found pure in nature. True Is turbidity more of a problem in groundwater or surface water? Surface water A system's filtered water must be _______ Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or less in at least 95% of the measurements taken each month, and no sample can exceed _____ NTU.

1 T/F True color is dissolved in water (in solution) and cannot be removed by filtering. True. Tea in water is an example of true color. Suspended color is called _______ color. apparent Color above ______ units is objectionable in a public water supply. 15 units A scale called the ________ measures odor. Threshold Odor Number (TON)

Odor greater than a scale of _______ is undesirable. 3 Taste and odors in water result from _______, bacteria, decaying organic matter, gases, and chemicals such as manganese, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. algae Chemical characteristics of water generally cannot be detected by sight, smell, or taste and must be determined by __________. laboratory analysis Chemical laboratory analysis must be sampled _______ per year for surface water and normally _______ for groundwater. once/year for surface water once every three years for groundwater Water weighs ______ lbs/gal. 8.34 lbs/gal T/F For water, 1 mg/L is equal to 1 part per million (ppm) by weight. True Which two minerals mainly cause hardness in water? Calcium and magnesium Is hardness more of a problem in groundwater or surface water? Groundwater Water is considered hard when it exceeds _______. 100 mg/L of calcium carbonate The pH scale ranges from _____ to _____. 0 to 14 On the pH scale: 0 to <7 is ______. 7 is _______.

7 to 14 is ______.

Acidic Neutral Basic or alkaline Sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids can be used to ______ pH. Caustic, lime, or soda ash can be used to ______ pH. Lower Raise Suspended solids can be removed by ________. Filtration Can dissolved solids be removed by filtration? No Total dissolved solids should not exceed________. 1000 mg/L What are three common gasses found in water? Hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and methane Excess ________ can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrogen or Nitrates What is the major source of nitrogen into drinking water? Fertilizer and animal waste carried by rainwater runoff What is the EPA primary MCL (maximum contaminant level) for fluoride? 4.0 mg/L At what level will fluoride cause mottling of teeth, a condition known as fluorosis? 4.0 mg/L What is the state of Texas secondary standard for fluoride? 2.0 mg/L Trihalomethanes (THM) and Haloacetic Acids (HAA) are byproducts of drinking water ________. chlorination THM's and HAA's are byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with dissolved _________.

natural organic matter, mostly plant life Combining chlorine with _______ greatly reduces THM and HAA formation. ammonia Is surface water or groundwater more likely to contain natural organic matter? surface water What is chloramine? Chlorine combined with ammonia What is free chlorine? Chlorine not combined with ammonia. Most groundwater systems do not have organic matter (which could cause THM and HAA byproducts) and therefore are allowed to use uncombined chlorine, called free chlorine. Why are most surface water treatment plants required to combine chlorine with ammonia (chloramine) before disinfecting the treated water? Surface water usually contains natural organics, and combining chlorine with ammonia greatly reduces THM and HAA formation. What is the MCL (maximum contaminant level) for THMs? 0.08 mg/L What is the MCL (maximum contaminant level) for HAAs? 0.06 mg/L The MCLG (maximum contaminant level goal) for lead is zero. What is the action level for lead? (in 10% or more of the samples) 0.015 mg/L The MCLG (maximum contaminant level goal) for copper is 1.3 mg/L. What is the action level for copper? (in 10% or more of the samples) 1.3 mg/L For lead and copper samples, how long must water be in the pipe with no flow before the sample is taken? 6 - 18 hours

What type of sample requires a one-liter, first-draw sample taken from the cold water kitchen or bathroom tap? Lead and Copper Who may take a lead and copper sample? Utility personnel or trained residents may take samples, and utility personnel will take the samples to an approved lab. T/F Larger population sizes require more sampling sites for the lead and copper rule. True T/F Lead and copper initial sampling is required, and then if requirements are met for consecutive periods, sampling schedule can be reduced to reduced monitoring. True Well casing must extend ______ inches above the pump room floor or natural ground elevation. 18 inches What is the purpose of a well screen? Keeps sand out What is the most important feature of a well screen? Size. The size depends on the aquifer, gravel pack, and type of well. What is the purpose of a well vent? Allows the casing to breathe, and prevents vacuum Water well sealing block must be made of _____. concrete To place a well in service, the well must have _____ consecutive days of bacteriological samples free of coliforms. 3 What is a sanitary control easement?

Area free from pollution hazards, within 150' of a well, must be recorded in the courthouse deed records, is legally binding. Within how many feet of a well is a sanitary control easement required? 150 ft. T/F When drilling a new well, a separate pump is required for development. True To disinfect a new well, how much chlorine must be used? At least 50 mg/L and let stand for 6 hours or more What is a well chemical interim analysis? Sample taken from a new well after 36 hours, check for physical and chemical properties like arsenic, iron, mg, etc What are the most common types of deep well pumps? submersible and vertical turbine Sand pumping can be reduced by______ the gpm pump rate. lowering Sand pumping can be reduced by correcting problems such as loss of ________. gravel pack What is the maximum contaminant level for THM's (Trihalomethanes)? .08 mg/L What is the maximum contaminant level for HAA's (Haloacetic Acids)? .06 mg/L What is the action level for lead? .015 mg/L What is the action level for copper? 1.3 mg/L The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) is to determine possible direct influence of surface water on a well. This is not required as long as the well is more than _____ feet deep

and more than ______ feet away from surface water sources, constructed properly, screened or perforated below a confining bed, and has had no quality shifts or coliform issues. 50 200 No boat ramps, marinas, docks, or fishing piers can be within _____ feet of a surface water treatment plant intake. 1, All activities shall be restricted within _____ feet of a surface water treatment plant intake. 200 What is the most effective treatment for bacteria or algae in a surface water treatment plant? Activated carbon adsorption What are three common coagulating chemicals? alum, ferrous sulfate, and ferric chloride In a surface water treatment plant, a ____ test assists the operator in determining which chemical and how much to apply. jar Using jar tests to determine chemical dosages, the operator should ensure that no concentrations of turbidity greater than ____ NTU, preferably as low as ____ NTU, shall go to the filter for the filtration process. 10 5 After the floc forms, the water flows into a sedimentation basin. A detention time of at least ____ hours is required to allow the floc to settle. 6 T/F Pathogens such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium are resistant to chlorine, but filtration works. True

_______ is the final step in removing suspended matter and chlorine resistant microorganisms. Filtration A sand filter has _____ to ____ inches of porous material such as sand or anthracite coal, called filter media. 24" to 30" A common filter is the rapid sand filter, which filters ____ gpm/ft2 of filter media. 2 As the solids increase, there will be a loss of head pressure through the filter due to increased friction. When this head loss is about ____ to _____ feet, the filter must be backwashed. 6 - 10 feet While the backwashing is taking place, the filter bed should expand ____ % to _____ % to ensure good scouring action. 30 to 50 % Disinfection capacity for drinking water must be at least ______% greater than the highest expected dosage. 50 What is the purpose of a clear well? The clear well provides detention time for disinfection and extra storage. T/F Most microorganisms are not pathogens. True When collecting a bacteriological sample, why does the container need sodium thiosulfate in it? to neutralize the chlorine residual Bacteriological samples must be recieved by the lab within _____ hours or they are rejected. Cool the samples on ice prior to and during transport. Keep samples off dashboards. Heat stimulates biological growth! 30

DOSAGE = _________ + __________

DEMAND + RESIDUAL

TCEQ rules and regulations require a free chlorine residual of _____ mg/L or a total (chloramine) residual of ______ mg/L.

What is the maximum gas withdrawal rate (vacuum transmission) for a 150 lb cylinder? 1 lb/day/F What is the maximum gas withdrawal rate (vacuum transmission) for a ton container? 8 lb/day/F All community and non-transient, non-community water systems must not exceed a maximum free chlorine or chloramine residual of ______ mg/L based on the running annual average of all distribution samples. 4 mg/L The TCEQ requires that evacuation procedures be established where one-ton or more chlorine or ammonia container is within _____ of a residential or other high-density development. 1/4 mile Heat sensitive pressure relief plugs on chlorine storage containers melt at about what temperature? 160 *F EPA requires any private, municipal, or industrial entity storing or using _______ lbs. or more of chlorine to have a chemical risk management program. 2,500 lbs. Detect chlorine leaks by holding an open bottle of _______ % ammonium hydroxide under the suspected point. 10% Total storage capacity of a water supply must be at least ______ gallons per connection. 200 gallons

Storage tanks must be painted, disinfected, and maintained according to _______ standards. AWWA The rim of an entry port on a storage tank must extend at least _____ inches above the top of the tank and have a lid with a _______ inch overlap to prevent rain from entering. 4 2 All ground storage tanks must have an access opening at least _______ inch diameter. 30" Each foot of water column produces ______ psi.

The TCEQ considers elevated storage as water stored at least _______ feet above the highest service connection. 80 ft. Elevated storage is required for systems with more than _______ connections. 2, Elevated storage capacity must be at least _______ gallons per connection. 100 A tank resting on the ground that is greater in height than diameter is called a _________. standpipe A standpipe is considered ground storage unless it exceeds _____ft above the highest service connection. 80 When a water system has less than ______ connections, a pressure tank can maintain pressure in the distribution without requiring ground or elevated storage. 50 connections A water system without ground storage must have pressure tank capacity of _____ gallons per connection. 50 gallons per connection

A water system with ground storage is allowed pressure tank capacity of ______ gallons per connection. 20 gallons per connection An exterior and interior inspection of all tanks must be conducted how often? How long must the documented inspection results be kept? Yearly inspection required, keep results 5 years The TCEQ requires distribution pressure to never fall below ______ psi, even during emergencies. 20 psi Under normal operating conditions, the distribution pressure must be at least _____ psi. 35 psi The ______ meter is the most common design for residential use. positive displacement Water mains must be no closer than _______ feet in all directions from sewers or manholes. 9 feet T/F Parallel water and sewer lines must be laid in separate ditches. True The piece of pipe material cut from a main when a tap is made is called a _______. coupon For laying 6" or larger pipe, trenches must be at least ______ inches wide and ______ inches wider than the pipe diameter. 18 inches 12 inches Water mains must be deep enough to have at least _______ inches of cover. 24 inches The valve that connects the service line to the main is called the ________. It cannot be operated from the ground surface. corporation stop

The valve that connects the service line to the meter is called a ___________. It can be operated from the meter box. curb stop or meter stop If shoring is used, it is installed from the ______ and removed from the ________. top down bottom up Spoil banks must be at least ________ feet from the excavation. 2 Pipe must be bedded with a minimum of ______ inches, or _______ of the pipe diameter, of tamped sand or gravel. 4 inches or 1/4 of the pipe diameter Do not place a new main into service until a bacteriological sample is analyzed and shows negative results. One sample is required for each _______ feet of completed main. 1000 feet How often must dead-end mains be flushed? once per month Flush carefully! Pressure surges created by rapid flow changes cause ______ and possible ectensive damage to mains. water hammer ____________ is buildup of oxidized iron, calcium carbonate, or other chemicals in mains. High pressure water, pigs or swabs, and chemicals are methods of removing scale. Tuberculation Does high or low pH make water more corrosive? low pH Does high or low temperature make water more corrosive? high temperature T/F When repairing a leak, dig one side deeper to form a pump sump. True

T/F

When possible, repair the leak "hot", without turning off the valves. True, Working the leak under pressure reduces risk of contamination, reduces air in the main, and ensures the repair holds under service. A cross connection is a physical connection between a public water system and:

• another supply of _________ quality
• any source that may contain _________
• any water treated to a __________ degree unknown or questionable contamination lesser The __________ is the only method approved by the TCEQ for protection against sewage contamination. air gap The ____________ pump is the most common pump in the water utility industry. centrifugal The __________ motor is the most common motor in the water utility industry. However, synchronous motors are used where 100 hp or more is required. squirrel cage induction A safety program must start with support from the _________, then extend to all employees. top official The "Right to Know" law is a federal law that was adopted by the state as the _______________. Texas Hazard Communication Act According to OSHA, three criteria classify a _____________.

1. large enough and so configured that an employee may enter and do work;
2. has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
3. is not designed for continuous occupancy. confined space The number one cause of death in a confined space is____________. lack of oxygen

Three combustible gases include: methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide Normal air contains _____% oxygen. 20.9 % The color of chlorine gas is ___________. The color of chlorine liquid is ___________. green/yellow amber To detect the presence of chlorine gas, _____________ may be used because it gives off white fumes. ammonia When entering a "permit required" confined space, personnel must wear a _________ and be attached to a __________. harness retrieval line When entering a "permit required" confined space, OSHA requires an ___________ line if a portable ladder or stairs are not used. anti-fall When entering a "permit required" confined space and a vertical entry of _______ feet or more is made, the retrieval line must be attached to a mechanical retrieval device. This allows a non-entry rescue. 5 When an excavation is ________ feet or deeper, a means of cave-in protection is required. 5 According to OSHA, soil that has previously been disturbed is classified as soil type _________. C If in doubt about the soil type, always consider it type ________. C If the excavation is _______ feet or deeper, a means of exit must be provided.

If a ladder is used, it must extend at least ______ feet above the top of the excavation, be secured, and be within ________ feet laterally of anyone in the excavation. 3 25 page 8- 10 Traffic control must not confuse motorists. Workers should be trained from the ___________. Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (TMUTCD) One cubic foot can hold how many gallons? 7.48 gallons/ft Water weighs ________ lbs. per gallon. 8.34 lbs/gallon 1 psi = ________ ft of water column

How many feet are in a mile? 5280 ft How long must bacteriological sample results be kept? 5 years How long must Consumer Confidence Reports be kept? 5 years How long must chemical analysis be kept? 10 years How long must sanitary surveys be kept? 10 years How long must records of violations be kept? 3 years

Water moves in a cycle between the earth and the atmosphere. This recycling process is called the _____________. hydrologic cycle Water vapor rises from oceans, rivers, lakes and the ground into the air, a process called ___________. evaporation _____________ is the process where ice and snow evaporate into the atmosphere without first melting into a liquid form. Sublimation Water vapor is released from plant life in a process called ___________. transpiration When precipitation reaches the earth, it soaks into the ground, which is called ___________. infiltration If the water continues to infiltrate farther, it can reach the water table, recharging the groundwater supply in a process called ___________. percolation The human body is ______% water. Water makes up _________% of the blood. 70 83 One of the most important purposes of a public water supply is fire protection. In Texas, to receive minimum recognition for firefighting capability, a water system must be able to supply at least _______ gallons per minute for ______ hours during peak demand. 250 gpm for 2 hours When designing a community water system, system engineers use a rule of thumb of _______ gallons per person per day. 130 The TCEQ requires community water systems to have a minimum production capacity of ______ gpm per connection at peak demand. 0.6 gpm per connection

What is the maximum allowable slope for each soil type? Stable rock _________ Type A ________ Type B ________ Type C ________ Stable rock 90* Type A 53* Type B 45* Type C 34* No source of contamination shall be within ______ feet of a public well. 50 ft What is the pounds formula? PPD = MGD 8.34 dosage lbs/day = million gallons/day 8.34 mg/L What formula is used for detention time? TCG = rate * time tank capacity in gallons = flow rate * time