TESOL Final Exam Study Guide|138 Questions| Correct Answers, Exams of English Literature

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TESOL Final Exam Study Guide|

Questions| Correct Answers

What does "TESOL" stand for? - ANSWERSTeaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Which is part of the federal government's definition of an ELL? - ANSWERSStudents who don't understand English well enough to be successful in an English-language classroom What are school districts required to do with regard to ELs? - ANSWERSGive a Home Language Survey to all students to identify ELs What does research show about the relationship between ELLs' (L1) native language oral proficiency and literacy, and their (L2) English literacy skills? - ANSWERSNative language (L1) oral proficiency and literacy improves English (L2) Which aspect of language takes young ELs longer to master? - ANSWERSCALP, or "academic language" In which type of program would ELs receive L1 support as they move into an English- speaking environment? - ANSWERSTransitional bilingual program How have ideas about teaching ELLs changed since the 1990s? - ANSWERSNewer research shows that bilingualism has benefits, and ELLs learn English better when they can maintain their L1. According to recent research, how does the brain functioning of bilingual people seem to differ from that of monolingual people? - ANSWERSBilingual people have better executive functioning and problem-solving abilities. What is an EL? - ANSWERSAn English Learner What does Dr. Metro believe about you? - ANSWERSYou CAN gain the skills and knowledge to provide excellent instruction to ELs. What do you always have to do to have an absence excused in LTC 4460 (thus avoiding your final grade going down by one-half letter)? - ANSWERSMake up the work you missed within one week. When are reading questions due? - ANSWERSIn class on the day the readings are due.

In general, when and how are assignments (quizzes and projects) in LTC 4460 due? - ANSWERSVia Canvas, by the beginning of class time on the day they are due. What are the 4 language skills we will learn about? - ANSWERSSpeaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing Which text is in an academic register, with field of the eclipse, a formal tenor, and a written mode? - ANSWERSA total solar eclipse occurs when the Earth intersects the umbra portion of the Moon's shadow. How long does it take most ELs to develop academic (context-reduced) registers of language? - ANSWERSUp to 7 years. Which sentence summarizes Vygotsky's theory of sociocultural development? - ANSWERSLearning is a social process in which students can acquire new thinking skills by doing work within the Zone of Proximal Development. What is one critique of progressive pedagogy? - ANSWERSIt disadvantages ELs because it doesn't provide explicit language teaching. What would be an opportunity for an EL to produce "comprehensible output" in English?

• ANSWERSTalking with a peer in English during paired problem solving. Why is using "stretched language" important for ELs? - ANSWERSIt allows them to develop language skills beyond those they already have. What does research suggest about the relationship between L1 (mother language) literacy and L2 literacy? - ANSWERSThe stronger L1 literacy is, the more likely they are to be successful in learning an L2. What is a weakness of the IRE pattern in teaching ELs? - ANSWERSIt does not allow ELs to engage in dialogues with peers or teachers. What is "message abundancy"? - ANSWERSPresenting information more than one way, in spoken and visual modes. Give an example of scaffolding. - ANSWERSTeacher-guided reporting by an EL on a scientific experiment. Which term describes rules governing word order? - ANSWERSsyntax Which is an example of a morpheme? - ANSWERS-ology Which term describes how people use language to get things done in social interactions? - ANSWERSpragmatics

What kind of meetings to Waterman & Harry (2008) recommend that schools organize for EL families? - ANSWERSopen-ended meetings in which parents can help set the agenda What does research show about minority parents' interest in being involved in school, and their success in becoming involved in school? - ANSWERSMinority parents are highly interested in becoming involved in school, but not successful in doing so. According to Trumbull et al. (2001), what is the problem with many "parenting education" programs geared at parents of ELs? - ANSWERSThey treat parents as if they don't know how to rear children. According to Trumbull et al. (2001), which point is NOT part of the information schools should seek from parents? - ANSWERSWhether parents are using correct parenting strategies with their children. How do Trumbull et al. (2001) define the cross-cultural parent-teacher conference? - ANSWERSThe teacher operates from individualistic values of the school system, while the parents have a contrasting set of values. According to Trumbull et al. (2001), which is NOT a sign that parents and teachers are communicating well? - ANSWERSThe teacher changes the subject when a parent brings up a concern. What a teacher from an individualistic school culture expect from a student? - ANSWERSThe student should look the teacher in the eye and ask direct questions. What might a teacher from an individualistic school culture do in the classroom? - ANSWERSRank students according to their behavior and achievement. Which sentence describes collectivistic values? - ANSWERSA student is doing well if they maintain harmony in the group. According to Trumbull et. al (2001), why are group conferences valuable? - ANSWERSParents feel empowered and learn from each other. What is culturally relevant pedagogy? - ANSWERSTeachers help culturally and linguistically diverse students sustain their own cultures. What pedagogical strategy tends to alienate ELs? - ANSWERSDiscussing topics focused on mainstream American culture. What pedagogical strategy positions ELs to succeed? - ANSWERSMaking sure that ELs are well-prepared to participate in groupwork.

How can teachers' positioning of ELs affect their relationships with peers? - ANSWERSWhen teachers position ELs as active participants, peers are more likely to respect ELs' contributions. Which teacher attitude does Yoon (2007) associate with success for ELs? - ANSWERSClassroom teachers are responsible for the success of all students, including ELs. According to Pinnow & Chval (2014), how are linguistic skills and mathematical skills related? - ANSWERSStudents need linguistic skills in order to develop and demonstrate mathematical thinking. What is "inequitable positioning"? - ANSWERSWhen teachers see students with a deficit mindset and position them as outsiders According to Pinnow & Chval (2014), how is teachers' positioning of ELs related to their peer-to-peer positioning? - ANSWERSTeachers' positioning of ELs determines peer-to- peer positioning. Which strategy would be most helpful for scaffolding ELs' understanding in math? - ANSWERSIntroduce a concept ELs understand, let them share their experiences with that concept, then introduce an academic term for that concept. What do Pinnow & Chval (2014) suggest can help math teachers serve ELs' literacy needs? - ANSWERSThink in advance about what language students will need to express a mathematical concept. According to Gibbons (2015), which is NOT a benefit of groupwork for ELs? - ANSWERSThe teacher can clarify their meaning for them. According to Gibbons (2015), what is "literate talk"? - ANSWERSTalk that serves as a bridge to reading and writing. What does Gibbons (2015) mean by "amplifying language"? - ANSWERSLeaving a text in the academic register and providing explanations to help students understand it. In which group task is talking encouraged but not required? - ANSWERSTalk with your group about this picture. What does it mean for a task to be "cognitively appropriate" for learners? - ANSWERSThe task is at the learners' thinking level, not their English language level. According to Gibbons (2015), which is an effective way to make sure all children in a group participate? - ANSWERSAssign roles to each group member.

What are the 6 levels at which students can perform according to the WIDA standards?

• ANSWERSEntering, Emerging, Developing, Expanding, Bridging, Reaching According to Gibbons (2015), why do many assessments of ELs fail to measure their language capabilities? - ANSWERSThey don't measure L1 literacy. Which is NOT a feature of a "genre" as defined by Gibbons (2015)? - ANSWERSIt is universal for all cultures. Why is it important for ELs to learn the appropriate language for a genre? - ANSWERSSo they can participate successfully in a second language and culture According to Gibbons (2015), which are "genres of school" that students will write? - ANSWERSNarrative, argument, recount, information report Which is an example of a creative and personal genre? - ANSWERSNarrative According to Gibbons (2015), what does it mean to teach explicitly about writing? - ANSWERSTeach students how language is used for a range of purposes and audiences. What are the 4 stages in the "teaching and learning cycle" for writing? - ANSWERSBuilding the field, Modeling the genre, Joint construction, Independent writing According to Gibbons (2015), what does it mean to "build the field"? - ANSWERSAccess prior knowledge and extend students' knowledge of a certain topic. According to Gibbons (2015), what is "meta-language"? - ANSWERSLanguage to talk about language, e.g., connectives, verbs, tense. According to Gibbons (2015), what is the first and most important criteria on which writing should be evaluated? - ANSWERSOverall meaning Which would be the best test of semantic knowledge? - ANSWERSThanksgiving is in the month of ________. Which statement is consistent with schema theory? - ANSWERSReaders' in-the-head knowledge helps them understand texts. Which of Luke and Freebody's (1990) 4 Reader Roles requires students to criticize or praise the text? - ANSWERSText analyst According to Gibbons (2015), ELs who rely too much on their decoding skills _____. - ANSWERSNeed to develop their skills as text participants, text users, and text analysts

According to Gibbons (2015), what is one purpose of a "before reading" activity? - ANSWERSTo activate prior knowledge According to Gibbons (2015), which is a good example of a "during reading" activity? - ANSWERSPause and Predict What is a phoneme? - ANSWERSAn individual sound that makes a difference in meaning between words Which accurately represents one of the 4 "directions" for instruction that Gibbons (2015) suggests when teaching phonic knowledge? - ANSWERSFrom whole to part What is phonic knowledge? - ANSWERSThe ability to match written letters with phonemes. Which is NOT a characteristic that Gibbons (2015) recommends for books for early readers who are ELs? - ANSWERSIllustrations unrelated to the text According to Levine and McCloskey (2012), what is the difference between language development and literacy development? - ANSWERSLiteracy relates primarily to written texts, while language refers to oral development only. What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up approaches to teaching reading? - ANSWERSTop-down approaches start with the meaning of authentic texts, whereas bottom-up approaches focus on building blocks like vocabulary and phonics. What approach do Levine & McCloskey (2012) suggest for teaching reading? - ANSWERSAn integrated approach in which component skills of reading are taught through authentic texts. According to Levine & McCloskey (2012), how do L1 literacy skills transfer to L2 literacy skills? - ANSWERSStudents bring phonological knowledge, background knowledge, problem-solving strategies, and inferencing skills from their L1. According to Levine & McCloskey (2012), which is an example of sociolinguistic knowledge of language? - ANSWERSthe appropriate register of language to use in different settings According to Levine & McCloskey (2012), what would a student say in the "starting" or "preproduction" stage of language development? - ANSWERSCommunicate nonverbally According to Levine & McCloskey (2012), what would a student be able to do in the "early literacy" stage of literacy development? - ANSWERSread simple texts word by word

Which is NOT a step in how school districts in Missouri should determine if incoming students are ELs? - ANSWERSKeep results of the WIDA-Access Placement Test confidential from parents and teachers According to Gibbons (2015), what does it mean for a listener to be a "meaning builder"? - ANSWERSListener takes an active role, using schematic knowledge to understand Which is an example of one-way listening about an informational topic? - ANSWERSListening to the radio broadcast of the weather forecast. Which is an example of listening to an information-based topic? - ANSWERSListening to a lecture on climate change What type of listening do ELs typically find easiest? - ANSWERSTwo-way, interpersonal topics Why is one-way listening about information-based topics most difficult for most ELs? - ANSWERSThey can't ask for clarification What is the main purpose of teaching listening skills? - ANSWERSSo students can understand the meaning of what they hear Which activity that involves listening for the "overall gist" of a text? - ANSWERSListening to a story to get the main idea According to Gibbons (2015), why is it important for ELs to seek clarification when they do not understand what is being said? - ANSWERSIf they get used to not understanding, they may tune out what they hear. When is it important for teachers to correct ELs' pronunciation? - ANSWERSWhen ELs' pronunciation interferes with listeners' comprehension According to Gibbons (2015), how does the dictogloss activity help students hone their listening skills? - ANSWERSBy helping them listen for information to reconstruct a text together According to Gibbons (2015), in what case is it appropriate to pull ELs out of the regular classroom? - ANSWERSIf they need to gain confidence in a sheltered setting How long does it usually take for ELs to match their English-speaking peers in the effective use of academic registers of language? - ANSWERS5 to 7 years According to Gibbons (2015), what is the difference between "assessment for learning" and "assessment of learning"? - ANSWERSAssessment for learning drives future instruction

What does Gibbons (2015) mean by "unpacking" language? - ANSWERSPlan language outcomes alongside content outcomes and activities Which is a language outcome (not a content outcome)? - ANSWERSStudents will use key vocabulary such as "erosion" and "earth materials" in their lab report. According to Gibbons (2015), when are grammar exercises helpful? - ANSWERSWhen they are related to content learning and contextualized in the curriculum How is "cultural capital" relevant for ELs in the US? - ANSWERSUS cultural capital may help them reach their goals in school and in life in the US.