TESOL Final Exam Review: Key Concepts & Terminology, Exams of Nursing

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TESOL Final Exam with correct answers

Daniel recently arrived in the United States. He can say a few words (hello, goodbye, thank you), name some simple objects, follow simple one-step directions, and answer some simple WH (who, what, when, where, which) questions, but he struggles to understand most of what is said to him in English. Which is most likely Daniel's ELP? - ANSWER: ➡ Level 1: Entering True or false-Simultaneous bilingualism is the development of proficiency in a second language after proficiency has been developed in the first language. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Academic success is affected by socioeconomic status - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Transformative means taking steps to change the things that are wrong with society. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Assimilationist discourses devalue ELL'S home languages and cultures, seeing them as problems to overcome. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Simultaneous bilingualism is the development of proficiency in two languages at the same time. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-ELLs clearly are language minority students, care should be taken not to be use the term language minority students when referring exclusively to ELLs. - ANSWER: ➡ True

True or false-Over 60% of ELLs come from low income families, half with parents who never completed high school and many have less than even 9th grade education. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Helping ELLs succeed academically requires helping them adjust to the culture of the classroom and the school by giving them access to what McKinney and Norton (2008) call "dominant or privileged ways of knowing and doing" - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Drop-out rates continue to be substantially higher for Latino students than for white students. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-The process of identifying ELLs is the same from state to state in the US. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Schools today are seeing an increase in the number of students from Middle Eastern, Asian, and African Countries, including Iraqi, Afghan, Somali Bantu, and Sudanese and other refugee students. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-RTI is a model to provide differentiated classroom instruction and to identify students in need of more supplemental instruction. This was originated in special education? - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-France is a spanish speaking country. - ANSWER: ➡ True If a school incorporates activities such celebrating Martin Luther King Jr. Day, they are providing what type or multicultural education level? - ANSWER: ➡ Contributions Kelly recently moved to the United States, He can follow one step directions, name objects, people, and pictures, match symbols with words,and can draw in response to a prompt. She can say a select few

Personal and family issues Physical and psychological development Previous schooling True or false-According to The U.S. Census Bureau 381 different languages were identified that were being spoken in homes across the country in

2011. • ANSWER: ➡ True Which of the following best describes the difference between subtractive and additive bilingualism? - ANSWER: ➡ Subtractive bilingualism is when a new language replaces a student's home language and additive bilingualism is when a student develops proficiency in a new language without losing their home language. Former ELLs who have met their state's linguistic and academic criteria to be exited from the ELL programs and reclassified as fluent English Proficient. - ANSWER: ➡ Reclassified English language learner (R-ELLs) Once teachers have basic information about the students' home countries, teachers are able to identify appropriate supplemental education materials for use in the classroom such as: - ANSWER: ➡ Bilingual Dictionaries Fiction/Non-Fiction Books in the Students' Home Language Multicultural Literature A world class instructional design and assessment which consists of five levels of English proficiency to describe what ELL's can do in regards to listening, speaking, reading and writing. - ANSWER: ➡ WIDA What year had the least amount of ELL growth? - ANSWER: ➡ 1994-

What is this an example of: A child was born in the United States but grows up in a home and neighborhood where varieties of home language and English are used. - ANSWER: ➡ Simultaneous Bilingualism As a teacher you hear a student conversing with other students in English but when they get back to class they are still having a hard time with their science work. What type of language proficiency do they possess? - ANSWER: ➡ BICS True or false-Pragmatics helps us understand how to use language to start a conversation. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in language - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-The study of forms of words is called semantics. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Morphology is broken down into two subcategories, inflectional morphology and derivational morphology. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Lexicon is the vocabulary of sound. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Syntax is the study of the meaning of words,phrases,and sentences. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Knowledge of the phonology helps teachers understand issues related to pronunciation, accents, and regional varieties of English. - ANSWER: ➡ True

Sematics includes - ANSWER: ➡ Synonyms, antonyms,homophones, homonyms,hyponyms Which information is not need for a speaker to use a word from the lexicon?

• ANSWER: ➡ The way the word is combined Which of the following answer is about the relationship between words? - ANSWER: ➡ Syntax Which of the following are types of information that an individual needs to use a word from the lexicon? - ANSWER: ➡ How related words such as the plural (for nouns) and past tense (for verbs) are formed (morphological information) Its category (noun and verb) and how to use it in a sentence (syntactic information) Its sounds and their sequencing (phonological information) Its meaning (semantic information) Which subsystems of language is the study of the ruled governing the way words are combined to form sentences and the rules governing the arrangement of sentences in sequences? - ANSWER: ➡ Syntax The different aspects of language proficiency are: - ANSWER: ➡ Conversational Fluency Discrete Language Skills Academic Language Proficiency Annie is a new student in Mrs. Smith's 3rd grade class who immigrated from Haiti with her mother just 3 months ago. She knows a good amount of English, but still struggles pronouncing certain sounds such as the "th" sound in "thing". Instead of "thing" she says "ting" because in Haiti the

letter "H" is silent. Annie is having trouble with what? - ANSWER: ➡ Phonology True or false-Pragmatics can help us understand how language users interpret speech acts, such as requests, commands, questions, and statements. - ANSWER: ➡ True Which choice refers to two or more related meanings that a word can have.

• ANSWER: ➡ Polysemy The term __________ is used to refer to the variety of English spoken by members of the dominant society in the United States, and it is the variety taught and asses in school. - ANSWER: ➡ Standard American English About how long does it take ELLs to attain proficiency in English? - ANSWER: ➡ 4 to 7 years Identify the second language theory, hypothesis, model, or perspective that is most closely aligned with the following description: Comprehensible input (i + 1) is all students need to acquire a second language. - ANSWER: ➡ Input hypothesis True or false-Using specific dialogue that students need to remember and running drills in order to acquire a language is an example of the grammar- translation method. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false-Language socialization refers to the "process by which individuals acquire the knowledge and practices that enable them to participate effectively in a language community" - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Affective filter hypothesis is the idea that children learning their first language acquire grammatical structures in a pre-determined,

True or false-Chomsky demonstrated that children are able to produce language and unique utterances that go well beyond what they could reasonably have been exposed to and imitated. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-People who take a cognitive aproach to second language acquisition are most interested in what is happening inside the brain of the language learner. - ANSWER: ➡ True Identify the second language theory, hypothesis, model, idea, or perspective that is most closely aligned with the following description: A teacher should provide scaffolding for a student in order to expand their skill/comprehension and then take away that scaffolding once it is mastered. - ANSWER: ➡ Zone of Proximal Development Which second language hypothesis includes factors such as high anxiety and low self-esteem that can prevent learning from obtaining comprehensible output? - ANSWER: ➡ Affective filter hypothesis While only the acquired system is able to produce spontaneous speech, the learned system is used to check what is being spoken is explaining what concept. - ANSWER: ➡ Monitor Hypothesis The idea that if a student knows that they must speak forces them to pay attention is an example of which hypothesis? - ANSWER: ➡ The comprehensible output hypothesis Which of these is the assistance within the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? - ANSWER: ➡ Scaffolding Which of the following person identifies the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? - ANSWER: ➡ Vygotsky

According to Freire, the concept that teachers simply make deposits of essential knowledge and skills into the heads of students is called what? - ANSWER: ➡ Banking Which of the hypothesis discusses Krashen asserting that we acquire the parts of a language in a predictable order? - ANSWER: ➡ The natural order hypothesis Zwiers and Crawford (2011) identify core communicative skills that ELLs need and can develop within the ZPD through productive academic conversations across which content areas? - ANSWER: ➡ Elaborating and clarifying Supporting ideas with evidence Building on or challenging ideas Paraphrasing and synthesizing True or false-In the natural order hypothesis, Krashen asserts that we acquire the parts of a language in a non-predictable order. - ANSWER: ➡ False Which of the following are questions that teachers can use to guide their decisions about what strategies to use to promote ELLs' content-area learning through English, their English language development, and cultural integration into the classroom and school community? - ANSWER: ➡ What are the instructional goals? What are the students' strengths and needs? What strategies can help address these challenges? How will you know whether these strategies are effective? Which of the following is part of the Communicative Language Teaching principles? - ANSWER: ➡ Fluency is an important dimension of communication

True or false-The purpose of Title III is to help ensure that English learners (ELs) attain English language proficiency and meet state academic standards. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Federal education policy that emerged from Civil Rights movement and the War on Poverty is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Common Core state standards (CCSS) is a state-lead effort initiated by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) to develop language arts and mathematics standards that states voluntarily adopt. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Brown vs. The Board of Education (1954) along with other segregation cases have made it clear that ELLs cannot be fully separated from other students throughout their education under the guise of helping them learn English. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-Title III provides formula grants to state education agencies, which, in turn, make subgrants to eligible local education agencies (i.e., school districts and charter schools) that apply to the state for the funds. - ANSWER: ➡ True In 1965 Congress passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA.) Some of the key components of the ESEA are funds, policies, and procedures that target students from low-income families. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-The Americanization Movement during and after World War I pushed the belief that to be American, means to speak ONLY English. - ANSWER: ➡ True

True or false-The Bilingual Education Act aka Title VII, gives grants to eligible school districts to support bilingual education programs. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or false-After WWII heavy restrictions were placed on German- language instruction in schools. - ANSWER: ➡ False True or false - In primary language support, it involves all of a students home language during an ESL instruction? - ANSWER: ➡ False What are some key components of the ESEA? (pg. 72) - ANSWER: ➡ Funds, policies, procedures True or false - Federal policy for language minority students learning English changed dramatically with the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act - ANSWER: ➡ True How did Vygotsky believe knowledge was constructed? - ANSWER: ➡ Interaction and collaboration True or false - Low self esteem or anxiety can cause a hindrance when learning language - ANSWER: ➡ True What are the four subsystems of language? - ANSWER: ➡ Phonology, Morphology, Syntax and Semantics True or false - One of the characteristics of being human that separates us from other species is the ability to use language - ANSWER: ➡ True What factors influence an ELL's response to instruction and interventions? - ANSWER: ➡ Learning environment

sentence or line by line what is this called? - ANSWER: ➡ Concurrent translation Which strategy takes just a few minutes before and after a lesson or read aloud and maximizes students' comprehension in English? - ANSWER: ➡ Preview-Review Examples of PLS - ANSWER: ➡ Preview-Review Create Instructional Wall Displays in Home Language Label Classroom in English and Home Language Bilingual Dictionaries What programs incorporate PLS as a key component? - ANSWER: ➡ The SIOP model Common Core State Standards Next Generation Science Standards Which of the following strategies support students' language learning? - ANSWER: ➡ Provide bilingual dictionaries Use computer software and internet resources Pull students aside to re-teach concepts The teacher continuously verbally goes over assignments in English and expects the student to be able to understand. Is this effective or ineffective use of PLS? - ANSWER: ➡ Ineffective Which of these is an effective ways of providing Primary Language Support?

• ANSWER: ➡ Send Home Letters in the Students' Home Language

Primary Language Support can support parents though: - ANSWER: ➡ Title VI of the Civil Rights Act Holding conferences Translating documents he teacher repeating everything she says or read in English in the other language or has a bilingual paraprofessional translate for her sentence by sentence or line by line is: - ANSWER: ➡ Ineffective primary language support; Concurrent Translation Which is not an effective way to provide PLS? - ANSWER: ➡ Accept projects in any stage of ELL program in the home language as long as the skill can be assessed True or False- Science fairs are ways to get ELL parents involved in their child school. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or False- Under the Title VI act of the Civil Right Acts, schools are required to communicate with parents in a language they can understand - ANSWER: ➡ True True or False-In Concurrent Translation, the teacher repeats everything she says pr reads in English in the other language or has a bilingual paraprofessional translate for her sentence by sentence or line by line - ANSWER: ➡ True True or False- From a holistic bilingual perspective home languages are important resources for students and teachers to draw on as they learn content and language at school. - ANSWER: ➡ True True or False-The purpose of PLS is to make instruction in English as comprehensible as possible for ELLs so they can learn the content and acquire more English. - ANSWER: ➡ True

Thida, a newly arrived student from Cambodia, Thida just stands in front of the board with a confused look on her face as she stares at the problem: 25 ___ 15. Mrs. Py asks her in Khmer, "Which number is bigger?" Thida answers in Khmer "this one," and points to 25. Mrs. Py says to her in Khmer, "That's right. Now draw the symbol so it looks like the mouth is eating the bigger number." Thida successfully writes in the correct symbol. Mrs. Py praises her in English, "Very good, Thida! Remember, the mouth eats the bigger number: 25 is greater than 15." - This is an example of an effective way of providing PLS. - ANSWER: ➡ True What is the primary goal of the newcomer program? - ANSWER: ➡ Developing or strengthening students' native language skills Helping students acquire beginning english skills Providing some instruction in the core content areas _____________ means placing an ELL in a mainstream classroom where there is no ESL instruction, no sheltered instruction, and no PLS - ANSWER: ➡ Submersion-sink or swim A comprehensive review of the U.S newcomer programs at the secondary level found that the main goals of these programs include: - ANSWER: ➡ Helping students acquire beginning english skills Providing some instruction in the core content areas Guiding students' acculturation to the school system in the United States Developing and Strengthening students' native language literacy skills True or False-Submersion means placing an ELL in a mainstream classroom where there is no ESL instruction, no sheltered instruction, and no PLS. - ANSWER: ➡ True Which model offers guidance to teachers who use sheltered instruction by helping them systematically plan, teach, observe, and evaluate effective

instruction for ELLs? - ANSWER: ➡ Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Which term involves the brief use of students' home languages during ESL and sheltered English content instruction by the teacher, a paraprofessional, or the students themselves? - ANSWER: ➡ Primary Language Support What is the term refers to self-contained grade-level classrooms for ELLs with teachers who are trained and certified to provide language and content instruction for ELLs? - ANSWER: ➡ Sheltered English Submersion (SEI) What are the dangers of pull-in ESL? - ANSWER: ➡ ESL teacher ends up pulling ELLs to the back of the room (effectively still separating them from the rest of the class) ESL teacher is treated more like a paraprofessional rather than an ESL teacher Which of the following program is the most common type of bilingual program in the United States? - ANSWER: ➡ Transitional bilingual education program What program is a form of education in which students are taught literacy and content in two languages? - ANSWER: ➡ Dual Language Programs Which program is sometimes called maintenance or late-exit bilingual education? - ANSWER: ➡ Developmental Bilingual Education Programs In school, after school programs in which language minority students have an opportunity to learn their native language is an example of: - ANSWER: ➡ Heritage Language Programs