Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Cases on Searches and Seizures, Quizzes of Criminal Justice

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U.S. v. Chadwick

A search is NOT incident to arrest if it is too remote in time or place TERM 2

New York v.

Belton

DEFINITION 2 Wherever police lawfully arrest the occupant of a vehicle, they may search the enitre passenger compartment and any closed containers in the compartment. Even if the individuals are separated from the vehicle, it is always considered to be under the suspects immediate control. TERM 3

Arizona v. Gant

DEFINITION 3 The only time a warrantless search of a vehicle is justified is when the suspect is unsecured and within reaching distance of the passenger compartment. TERM 4

Maryland v. Buie

DEFINITION 4 where an arrest takes place in a suspects home, officers may conduct a protective sweep of all or part of thepremises if they have reasonable belief, based upon specific facts, that another person may be inside and pose a danger. TERM 5

Steagald v. U.S.

DEFINITION 5 The arrest warrant may not be used as legal authority to enter the home of a person other than the person named in the warrant.

Carroll v. U.S.

Police may search a vehicle without a warrant if the search is necessary to preserve evidence, as vehicles are inherently mobile. TERM 7

Whren v. U.S.

DEFINITION 7 Allows for pretextual stops. TERM 8

South Dakota v. Opperman

DEFINITION 8 Laid out the justifications for police inventory searches of vehicles Protection of the owners' property Protection of police fromfrivolous claims of theft Protect against the contents of the car TERM 9

Colorado v. Burtine

DEFINITION 9 In regards to inventory searches, police must follow standardized procedures and not act in bad faith. TERM 10

Scheckloth v. Bustamonte

DEFINITION 10 Laid out the question of whether or not a person can give valid consent if they do not know they have the right to refuse. Decided that lack of knowledge was just one factor, and not a decisive one. Consent is voluntary as long as it was not the product of duress orcoercion,

Bumper v. North Carolina

Where an officer falsely asserts that he has a search warrant and receives consent, that consent is NOT valid. TERM 12

Georgia v. Randolph

DEFINITION 12 If two people with equal property rights are present at the time a police request is made, and one refuses but not the other, entry by the police cannot be made.