Terms and Definitions: World History from the Late 19th Century to the Late 20th Century, Quizzes of World History

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South African War

• 1899-1902- Afrikaners used guerrilla warfare-Brits destroyed farms and forms concentration camps (not death camps)- 20,000 deaths- Result: Brit victory, but Brit public disgusted with how the Brit fought and handled things TERM 2

Sigmund Freud

DEFINITION 2

• 1856-1939- psychologist-driven by sexual desires, but repress them for social appearances -people are not purely rational; goes against the thinking of the Enlightenment Era TERM 3

Alice Paul

DEFINITION 3

• early 1900s-Radical activist-demonstration in DC (1917)- Equal Rights Amendment, which gave women legal equality, but failed to be ratified- suffrage, but not equality TERM 4

Alliance System

DEFINITION 4 -1910s-Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungry,Ottomans- Triple Entente: France, Brit, Russia-mutual defense-powder keg-one small conflict= a major war-showed that things were majorly tense and tensions were very high TERM 5

Schlieffen Plan

DEFINITION 5 -1910s-German battle plan: first attack French boarders,then attack Russian boarders once France was over taken-wanted to avoid a two front war-they believed that France could mobilize faster, which is why they were attacked first, to try and take them by surprise

Trench Warfare

-1914-1918- use of barbed wire and machine guns- advantage: defensive end-generals couldn't create offensive tactics against the trench warfare;infantry charges= massive deaths- gas lead to the creation of gas masks, so that ended up being a fairly useless attack- tanks and planes were still too primitive TERM 7

14 Points

DEFINITION 7 -1918- Woodrow Wilson's peace plan for after the war; main objective was world peace-limited militaries of countries for security only- self-determination for slavic nations- Creation of the league of Nations- Euro used for peace negotiations- Brit and France wanted to punish Germany because they felt that Germany started the war TERM 8

Treaty of Versailles

DEFINITION 8 -1919- the Peace treaty that was actually used- punished Germany1. had to give back all captured land (Russia)2. war guilt clause3. really restricted military4. reparation payments5. creation of League of Nations TERM 9

Keynesian Economics

DEFINITION 9 -1930s- created by Alfred Keynes- rejected laissez-faire1. Depression- inadequate demand; need to increase purchasing power2. Gov't- active role, strengthen demand, create jobs through public works- tax policy: more evenly distributed- major policy among political leaders until 1970 TERM 10

AAA

DEFINITION 10

• 1930s- a program created as a part of the New Deal- a subsidy given to farmers to reduce their crops in an attempt to increase demand and prices- results: success; prices went up- critics: 1. farmers were paid to destroy crops, 2. increased prices, 3. cotton planters had to cut farm workers

Marcus Garvey

• early 1900s- Universal Negro Improvement Association- 6 million- leader in the civil rights movement - white racism was inevitable- said that the African Americans should totally remove themselves from the white societycreated the African republic in 1920- was deported; showed frustration TERM 12

Joseph Stalin

DEFINITION 12 -1928-1953- 5 year Plan1. industrialization- heavy industry, get equipment from US, forced migration; results: industrial power house, full employment2. collective farming- wants to increas food production, a famine kills 5 mill TERM 13

Great Leap Forward

DEFINITION 13 -1958-1961- divide commons; 5,000 families- each has a collectivized farm, factories, and communal living-disaster: famine which kills 20-30 million- Mao is forced into semi- retirement TERM 14

Anti-Semitism

DEFINITION 14

• 1940s- 1st policy-forced emmigration-took away citizenship- Jews can't marry those who are non Jew Germans- terror: "Night of the Broken Glass"-many fled Germany- "final solution" in 1914 TERM 15

Munich Conference

DEFINITION 15

• 1938- Germany wanted to annex Sudetenland- Brit and France didn't want to start another war, so they gave Hitler the Ok, but he wasn't allowed to pursue any other territory- appeasement- Hitler broke the agreement by 1939

Pearl Harbor

• Dec 7, 1941- japanese attack on the US in attempts to keep them out of the war and Pacific- Bombed the base at Pearl Harbor- partial success: destroyed a good number of ships, but they didn't hit the dead docks(where ships get repaired) and the aircraft carriers were not at the base during that time- US Navy was back in 6 mo TERM 17

Holocaust

DEFINITION 17 -1914s-Eastern Europe captured a large jewish population- "Final Solution"- eliminate the population- death camps: gas chambers; Auschwitz killed 2 million-total of 6 million deaths TERM 18

Atomic

Bomb

DEFINITION 18

• 1945- Douglas MacArthur- wanted to prevent a land invasion; we would lose a lot of men- July Ultimatum- "utter destruction"- Hiroshima and Kokura, but had to go to Nagasaki instead- massive destruction- Japanese surrender in August of 1945 TERM 19

Truman Doctrine

DEFINITION 19 -1947- Greece/ Turkey in threat of being taken over - Brits couldn't do anything- Harry Truman steps in; US policy of containment against communism- lasts until 1970s TERM 20

Nuclear Arms

Race

DEFINITION 20

• mid 1900s- race against the USSR to build nuclear arms- USSR wanted to match US, US wanted to remain superior- Hydrogen bomb- 1000xs greater than A-bomb- both reached MAD by 1970= they could totally wipe out the other country- fear of nuclear Holocaust- made WW III less likely

Nikita Khrushchev

-1953-1964- leader of USSR during cold War- de-stalinization prgram1. secret speech2. limit Stalin's legacy: stalingrad- volgograd3. release political prisoners4. "peaceful coexistance"Limits: 1. Hungarian "revolt"-democracy; leave Warsaw pact; crushed2. living standards3. soviet leaders- missiles to cuba, removal in 1964 TERM 22

Mohandas Gandhi

DEFINITION 22

• mid 1900s- Hindu, Western edu- wanted peaceful coexistence1. non violent resistance2. traditional Indian lifestyle- dress, vegetarian, no industrialization3. popular movement4. called for tolerance/ cooperation TERM 23

"Dirty War"

DEFINITION 23

• Nat'l Liberation Front (NLF)- terrorist tactics- French use torture- 1960: 750,000 troops- Charles de Gaulle-French Army revolts- Algerian Independence in 1962 TERM 24

Congo

DEFINITION 24

• 1960s- Cold War- Patrice Lumumba: Pan African, "foreign ideology"-Belgian Independence- Lumumba:1. Katanga tries to break away2. poverty/ AIDS3. congo military happy with them- US/ Belgians- decide he's communist and stage a military coup TERM 25

Apartheid

DEFINITION 25

• 1948- Afrikaner Nat'l Party- the whites in South Africa set up a regime and took power- extreme racism: blacks 2nd class, geographic zones, travel pass, political rights, economy marginalized- 1st world: anti-Communism, but unpopular by 1960s

Occupation of Japan

• 1945- 1952-US occupies Japan; gives them a new constitution- Douglas MacArthur demilitarizes, Cold War ally1. democratic gov't2. bill of rights3. women's rights4. "no war" clause-the japanese accept it TERM 27

UN Partition Plan

DEFINITION 27 -1947- divided Palestine into Jewish sectors and Arab sectors- pleased no one- 1948- Israel was created- Arab coalition started a war, first arab-israeli warisraeli victory TERM 28

Suez Canal

DEFINITION 28 -1950s- fight over ownership of the suez- Brits want it, but Nasser (Egypt) nat'lizes it- Alliance: brit, france, israel- US/USSR- forced to withdraw- Nasser seen as a hero fro the Arab world TERM 29

Invasion of Afghanistan

DEFINITION 29

• 1979- USSR has very little supportMujahedeen with the USUSSR withdraws in 1986- crumbles the USSR internally- Taliban fills the hole in 1990 TERM 30

Ronald Reagan: hawkish side

DEFINITION 30

• 1980s1. increase military spending2. SDI (Strategic defense iniative) system= US "nuke proof"3. Reagan Doctrine- rollback communism, ex. Nicaragua- USSR had to increase military spending

Mikhail Gorbachev

-1960s- Perestroika reform, goal: save USSR1. decrease military spending, gives up on world domination2. allows private farms and businesses3. allow self-determination for Warsaw Pact4.lass gov't censorship- actually backfired:sped up the collapse; 1/2- no econ recovery, 3- Easter Euro revolts 4- increased decent TERM 32

Deng Xiaoping

DEFINITION 32

• 1978-1992- "four Modernizations"- reform1. industry2. agriculture3. military4. science/ technology- some called for a "5th Modernization"- results: 2nd largest producer in world (2010), food surplus, increase living standards TERM 33

Tienanmen Square

DEFINITION 33

• 1989- student demonstrations- spread to workers/ citizens- looked like incipient rebellion- captured world attention- china sends out the military- numbers are all over the board- china= non democratic