Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank: Patton Edition - Question Analysis, Exams of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Download Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank: Patton Edition - Question Analysis and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! TEST BANK - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 13TH EDITION ISBN-10; 126442101X /ISBN-13; 978-1264421015 Anatomy and Physiology 13th Edition Patton Test Bank Chapter 01: Organization of the Body Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 13th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following describes anatomy? a. Using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure b. Investigating human structure via dissections and other methods c. Studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli d. Examining the physiology of life ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 TOP: Anatomy and Physiology 2. Systemic anatomy is a term that refers to: a. physiological investigation at a microscopic level. b. anatomical investigation that begins in the head and neck and concludes at the feet. c. anatomical investigation that uses an approach of studying the body by systems—groups of organs having a common function. d. anatomical investigation at the molecular level. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Anatomy and Physiology 3. Physiology can be subdivided according to the studied. a. type of organism b. organizational level c. systemic function U S N T O 15. The number of abdominal regions is: a. three. b. five. c. seven. d. nine. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 16. The abdominal region in which the urinary bladder is found is the: a. hypogastric. b. epigastric. c. right lumbar. d. left iliac. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 17. A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the region. a. right lumbar b. right hypochondriac c. hypogastric d. umbilical ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 18. The abdominal region in which the appendix is found is the: a. hypogastric. b. right iliac. c. right lumbar. d. right hypochondriac. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 19. Popliteal refers to the: a. calf. b. ankle. c. cheek. d. area behind the knee. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 TOP: Latin-based Descriptive Terms for Body Regions 20. A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: a. sagittal. b. frontal. c. coronal. d. transverse. ANS: A DIF: MNemoRrizaItionG B.C M TOP: Body Planes and Sections REF: p. 16 21. The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? a. Umbilicus b. Pubic bone c. Xiphoid process d. Iliac crest ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Abdominopelvic Quadrants 22. Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of: a. anatomical position. b. anterior symmetry. c. ipsilateral position. d. bilateral symmetry. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 TOP: Anatomical Position 23. Two major cavities of the human body are: a. ventral/dorsal. b. inferior/superior. c. visceral/parietal. d. axial/appendicular. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Body Cavities 24. The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the: a. brain. b. spinal column. c. spinal cord. d. thyroid gland. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 25. A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: a. sagittal. b. median. c. coronal. d. transverse. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 26. The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the plane. a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse d. superficial N R I G B.C M b. heart and lungs only. c. digestive and reproductive organs. d. brain and spinal cord. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 39. The axial portion of the body consists of the: a. arms, neck, and legs. b. neck, torso, and arms. c. torso, arms, legs, and head. d. head, neck, and torso. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Body Regions 40. The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: a. stomach. b. pancreas. c. heart. d. reproductive organs. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 41. Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs? a. Heart b. Intestines c. Lungs d. Spinal cord ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 42. A sagittal section divides the body into portions. a. upper and lower b. right and left c. front and back d. proximal and distal ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 43. A frontal section divides the body into portions. a. upper and lower b. right and left c. front and back d. cortex and medullary ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 44. Axilla is a term referring to which body region? a. Anterior elbow b. Armpit c. Posterior knee d. Groin ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Latin-based Descriptive Terms for Body Regions 45. The tissue is not a major tissue of the body. a. cutaneous b. epithelial c. connective d. nervous ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Tissue Level 46. ―Apple-shaped‖ and ―pear-shaped‖ usually describe subtypes of what major body type? a. Mesomorph b. Ectomorph c. Endomorph d. Polymorph ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 17, Connect It TOP: Body Type and Disease 47. An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): a. system. b. cell. c. organelle. d. tissue. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Organ Level 48. Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? a. Head pointing forward b. Body standing erect c. Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up d. All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Anatomical Position 49. Someone studying gross anatomy would not study which of the following? a. The location of the heart and chambers of the heart b. Muscles of the arms and legs c. The nucleus of the cell d. All of the above would be studied. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Anatomy 50. The parietal pleura covers t h eN: a. lungs. b. heart. c. walls of the thoracic cavity. d. Both A and B are correct. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 51. The hollow part of an organ or body structure is called the of the organ. a. cortical part b. lumen c. medullary part d. apical part ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 52. The narrowest part of an organ or body structure is called the of the organ. a. cortical part b. lumen c. medullary part d. apical part ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 53. Which of the following is not a directional term of the body? a. Apical b. Proximal c. Superficial d. Deep ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 54. What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? a. Deep b. Distal c. Proximal d. Superficial ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 9 TOP: Directional Terms 55. An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? a. Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac b. Right hypochondriac, right lumbar, and right iliac c. Right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac d. Right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 13 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 56. As a nurse, you are assisting Na UphRySsiIciNanGwTitBh.thCeOexMamination of a patient. The physician asks you to tell the patient, who is lying on the examination table, to assume the anatomical position. How would you instruct the patient to assume this position? a. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing forward, with hands and feet facing forward. b. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing posteriorly, with hands and feet facing forward. c. Have the patient stand up and place his arms behind him, palms facing to the side, with feet facing forward. d. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing down, with feet facing forward. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 8 TOP: Anatomical Position 1. ANS: TOP: H Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 2. ANS: TOP: E Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 3. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 TOP: Body Systems 4. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 TOP: Body Systems 5. ANS: TOP: I Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 6. ANS: TOP: J Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 7. ANS: TOP: A Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 8. ANS: TOP: D Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 9. ANS: TOP: B Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 10. ANS: TOP: C Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 Match each term to its associated region. a. Abdominal b. Brachial c. Cervical d. Coxal e. Cutaneous f. Digital g. Femoral h. Lumbar 11. Thigh 12. Arm 13. Anterior torso 14. Lower back between ribs and pelvis 15. Fingers and toes 16. Hip 17. Skin 18. Neck 11. ANS: TOP: G Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 12. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 TOP: Body Regions 13. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 TOP: Body Regions 14. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 TOP: Body Regions 15. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 TOP: Body Regions 16. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 TOP: Body Regions 17. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 TOP: Body Regions 18. ANS: TOP: C Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 Match each term to its correct corresponding statement. a. Superior b. Inferior c. Anterior d. Posterior e. Medial f. Lateral g. Proximal h. Distal i. Superficial 19. The great toe is to the little toe. 20. The skin is to the muscles beneath it. 21. The vertebrae are located on the aspect of the body. 22. The hand is to the shoulder. 23. The abdomen is to the head. 24. The lungs are to the intestines. 25. The nose is located on the surface of the head. 26. The knee is to the ankle. 27. The ear is on the aspect of the head. 19. 20. ANS: TOP: ANS: REF: REF: p. 9 p. 9 TOP: Directional Terms 21. 22. ANS: TOP: ANS: TOP: REF: REF: p. 9 p. 9 23. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Directional Terms 25. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 Match each set of functions with its corresponding system or systems. a. Reproduction and development b. Processing, regulation, and maintenance c. Outer protection d. Support and movement e. Communication, control, and integration f. Transportation and defense 28. Nervous system 29. Muscular system and skeletal system 30. Circulatory system and lymphatic system 31. Respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system 32. Reproductive system 33. Integumentary system 28. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 TOP: Body Systems 29. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 TOP: Body Systems 30. ANS: TOP: F Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 31. ANS: TOP: B Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 32. ANS: TOP: A Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 33. ANS: TOP: C Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 Match each characteristic of life with the correct descriptive phrase. a. Conductivity b. Excretion c. Growth d. Circulation e. Respiration f. Responsiveness g. Digestion h. Absorption i. Secretion j. Reproduction REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 TOP: Characteristics of Life 35. ANS: TOP: F DIF: Memorization Characteristics of Life REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 36. ANS: TOP: I DIF: Memorization Characteristics of Life REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 37. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 TOP: Characteristics of Life 38. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 TOP: Characteristics of Life 39. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 TOP: Characteristics of Life 40. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 TOP: Characteristics of Life 41. ANS: TOP: E DIF: Memorization Characteristics of Life REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 42. ANS: TOP: J DIF: Memorization Characteristics of Life REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 43. ANS: TOP: G DIF: Memorization Characteristics of Life REF: p. 5, Table 1-1 Match each term related to an organ to its definition or explanation. a. Medullary b. Basal c. Apical d. Cortical e. Lumen 44. Base or widest part of the organ 45. Outer region or layer of an organ 46. Hollow part of an organ or tube of the body 47. Inner region of an organ 48. Narrow part or point of an organ 44. ANS: TOP: B DIF: M N emUo R riSza I tioNn GTB.COM REF: Terms Related to Organs REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 10 Match each level of organization with its description. a. Chemical b. Organelle c. Cellular d. Tissue e. Organ f. System g. Organism 49. Highest level of organization 50. Includes mitochondria 51. Composed of the smallest structure that possesses the basic characteristics of living matter 52. Level at which the tissues work together to perform a specific function 53. Composed of macromolecules 54. Cells working together to perform a specific function 55. Level at which a group of organs work together to perform specific complex functions 49. ANS: TOP: G Levels of DIF: Memorization Organization REF: p. 8 50. ANS: TOP: B Levels of DIF: Memorization Organization REF: p. 7 51. ANS: TOP: C Levels of DIF: Memorization Organization REF: p. 7 52. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Levels of Organization 53. ANS: TOP: A Levels of DIF: Memorization Organization REF: p. 6 54. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Levels of Organization 55. ANS: TOP: F Levels of DIF: Memorization Organization REF: p. 7 OTHER 1. In simple terms, what are the characteristics of life? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p.N5URSING T T OBP:.Ch O arMacteristics of Life 2. Discuss the principle of complementarity of structure and function. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 16 TOP: Interaction of Structure and Function 3. Explain one way in which culture has affected science. Explain one way in which science has affected culture. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 3 TOP: Science and Society 4. Describe the levels of organization from chemical to system. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 TOP: Levels of Organization 5. Describe anatomical position. Give examples of structures that are ipsilateral and contralateral to each other. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 8 TOP: Anatomical Position 6. List the directional terms, and use them to describe the relationship between two structures in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 9 TOP: Anatomical Directions U S N T O ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 34 TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease 10. The term that literally means self-immunity is: a. autoimmunity. b. homoimmunity. c. passive immunity. d. active immunity. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 34 TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease 11. Epidemiology is the study of the of diseases in human populations. a. occurrence b. distribution c. transmission d. All of the above are correct. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 TOP: Disease Terminology 12. Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease? a. Environment b. Stress c. Lifestyle d. All of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 34-35 TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease 13. Negative-feedback control systems: a. oppose a change. b. accelerate a change. c. have no effect on the deviation from set point. d. establish a new set point. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 TOP: Negative Feedback in Control Systems 14. Positive-feedback control systems: a. have no effect on the deviation from set point. b. accelerate a change. c. ignore a change. d. do not exist in human systems. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 TOP: Positive Feedback in Control Mechanisms 15. Shivering to try to raise yourNbUodRySteImNpGerTatBur.e CbaOckMto normal would be an example of: a. the body trying to maintain homeostasis. b. a positive-feedback mechanism. c. a negative-feedback mechanism. d. both A and C. ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 27 TOP: Negative Feedback in Control Systems 16. Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? a. Virus b. Bacteria c. Prion d. Protozoan ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 33 TOP: Pathogenic Organisms 17. Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? a. Viruses b. Tapeworms c. Bacteria d. Protozoa ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 34 TOP: Pathogenic Organisms 18. If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? a. Oxytocin would stimulate stronger uterine contractions. b. Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. c. There would be no changes in the strength of the uterine contractions. d. Uterine contractions would initially be weak and then gain strength after the release of the hormone. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 28 TOP: Positive Feedback in Control Systems 19. Intrinsic control: a. usually involves the endocrine or nervous system. b. operates at the cellular level. c. is sometimes called autoregulation. d. operates at the system or organism level. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 TOP: Levels of Homeostatic Control MATCHING Match each term with its corresponding definition or explanation a. Prion b. Tumor c. Fungi d. Gene mutation e. Bacteria f. Virus g. Protozoa DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 28-29 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms 2. Explain how your set point can change under varying circumstances. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 29-30 TOP: Changing the Set Point NURSINGTB.COM Chapter 03: Chemistry of Life Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 11th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? a. Sulfur b. Chlorine c. Iron d. Phosphorus ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 40, Table 3-1 TOP: Elements and Compounds 2. The kind of element is determined by the number of: a. protons. b. neutrons. c. mesotrons. d. electrons. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 3. Atomic mass is determined by the number of: a. protons and electrons. b. neutrons and electrons. c. neutrons, protons, and eleNcUtroRnSs.I NG TB.CO M d. protons and neutrons. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 4. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: a. two. b. four. c. six. d. eight. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: pp. 41-42 TOP: Energy Levels 5. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 42 TOP: Energy Levels 6. A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): a. orbital. b. proton. U S N T O c. neutron. d. electron. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 40, Table 3-1 TOP: Atomic Structure 7. When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: a. electrons. b. protons. c. neutrons. d. nuclei. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 43 TOP: Attractions Between Atoms 8. An ionic bond is formed by: a. two or more positive ions combining. b. two or more negative ions combining. c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. d. sharing of a pair of electrons. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 43-44 TOP: Ionic Bonds 9. An example of an element would be: a. Ne. b. CO2. c. C6H12O6. d. H2O. ANS: A DIF: ANpplicRatioIn GREBF:.pC. 40M, Table 3-1 TOP: Elements and Compounds 10. An isotope of an element contains different numbers of from other atoms of the same element. a. electrons b. protons c. neutrons d. both protons and neutrons ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 42 TOP: Isotopes 11. The study of metabolism includes examination of: a. catabolism. b. anabolism. c. ATP requirements. d. all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 12. An example of a catabolic process is: a. hydrolysis. b. dehydration synthesis. c. formation of a peptide bond. c. decomposition d. reversible ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 47 TOP: Chemical Reactions 25. Which of the following represents properties of water? a. High specific heat b. High heat of vaporization c. Strong polarity d. All of the above ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 48, Table 3-2 TOP: Properties of Water 26. The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: a. 10. b. 8. c. 4. d. 2. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 49 TOP: The pH Scale 27. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: a. hydrolysis. b. oxidation. c. decomposition. d. dehydration synthesis. NURSINGTB.COM ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 46 TOP: Anabolism 28. The study of metabolism includes examination of: a. catabolism. b. anabolism. c. ATP requirements. d. all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 29. An example of a catabolic process is: a. hydrolysis. b. dehydration synthesis. c. formation of a peptide bond. d. both B and C. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 30. Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? a. Oxygen b. Zinc c. Carbon d. Potassium ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 40, Table 3-1 TOP: Elements and Compounds 31. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? a. Proton b. Electron c. Radon d. Neutron ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 40, Table 3-1 TOP: Atomic Structure 32. The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: a. neutrons orbiting the atom. b. protons plus the number of neutrons in its nucleus. c. protons in its nucleus. d. ions in its nucleus. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Energy Levels 33. An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains electrons. a. eight b. nine c. two N R I G B.C M d. Both A and C are correct. U S N T O ANS: A DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 42 TOP: Energy Levels 34. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: a. sharing of electrons between molecules. b. donation of protons from one atom to another. c. transfer of electrons from one atom to another. d. acceptance of neutrons from one atom by another. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 43 TOP: Ionic Bonds 35. Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: a. ionic. b. covalent. c. hydrogen. d. isotopic. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 44 TOP: Covalent Bonds 36. The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _ reaction. a. synthesis b. decomposition c. exchange d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to require energy. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 45 TOP: Chemical Reactions 37. The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? a. 50% b. 69% c. 78% d. 96% ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 52 TOP: Elements and Compounds 38. Which subatomic particles carry a charge? a. Protons and neutrons b. Neutrons and electrons c. Protons and electrons d. Neutrons only ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 40-41 TOP: Atomic Structure 39. The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: a. four protons and four neutrons. b. eight protons. c. eight neutrons. N R I G B.C M d. four protons and four electrUonsS. N T O ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 40. For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: a. gain an electron. b. gain a proton. c. lose an electron. d. lose a proton. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 43 TOP: Ionic Bonds 41. A molecule that is polar: a. can form a hydrogen bond. b. must be ionic. c. has an unequal charge. d. is both A and C. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 44 TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 42. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: a. hydrogen bond. b. synthesis reaction. c. decomposition reaction. a. strongly acidic. b. neutral. c. slightly acidic. d. slightly alkaline. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 48 TOP: Bases 56. When sodium (Na) gives up an electron to chlorine, the result is the formation of a sodium ion (Na + ) with a positive charge. This happens because there is then one more than . a. proton; electron b. electron; proton c. proton; neutron d. electron; neutron ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 44 TOP: Ionic Bonds 57. If an atom with a total of nine electrons were to ionically bond with an atom with a total of three electrons, what would occur? a. The atom with nine electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom. b. The atom with nine electrons would lose one of its electrons, and the atom with three electrons would accept it. c. The atom with nine electrons would accept one of the electrons from the atom with three electrons. d. The atom with three electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 43-44 TOP: Ionic Bonds 58. The carbon-containing molecNuleRs foIrmeGd byBl.ivCing Mthings are often called: a. buffers. b. inorganic molecules. c. organic molecules. d. salts. U S N T O ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 47 TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 59. The term that is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells is: a. catabolism. b. metabolism. c. synthesis. d. anabolism. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 60. When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits, what is occurring? a. Anabolic reactions that expend energy b. Anabolic reactions that require energy c. Catabolic reactions that expend energy d. Catabolic reactions that require energy ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 61. Which type of radiation consists of an electron that is released by the nucleus of an atom? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Delta d. Gamma ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It 62. Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation, a form of light energy? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Delta d. Gamma ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It 63. Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Delta d. Gamma ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It 64. A + B  AB is an example o N f a ( R n ) I G re B a . ct C ion. M a. decomposition U b. reversible c. exchange d. Both A and B are correct. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42 TOP: Isotopes 8. Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 43 TOP: Ionic Bonds 9. Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It 10. Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radioactivity 11. Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radioactivity 12. A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 50 TOP: Buffers 13. The chemical reaction of an a N cUid R wSit I h Na G baTse B w . i C ll Op r M oduce a salt and water. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 50 TOP: Salts 14. Water acts as a very effective solvent. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 47 TOP: Water 15. Electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 48 TOP: Electrolytes 16. By definition, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 47 TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 17. Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 48 TOP: Electrolytes 18. Acids are electrolytes that produce OH + ions. NURSINGTB.COM ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 48 TOP: Acids 19. pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 49 TOP: The pH Scale 20. Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 21. ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 46 TOP: Catabolism 22. Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 23. Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 43 TOP: Ionic Bonds 24. The digestion of food is an exNamRp le Iof aGsynBth.eCsis rMeaction. U S N T O ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 46 TOP: Chemical Reactions 25. The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 49 TOP: Acids and Bases 26. Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 49 TOP: Acids and Bases 27. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 28. The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 29. Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get eight electrons in its outer energy level. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: pp. 41-42 TOP: Energy Levels 30. A double covalent bond involves the sharing of two electrons. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 44 TOP: Covalent Bonds 31. Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 47 TOP: Chemical Reactions 32. Electrolytes dissociate to form ions. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 45 TOP: Electrolytes 33. As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value increases. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 49 TOP: Acids and Bases 34. Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure, arrangement, and composition of substances and the reactions they undergo. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 39 TOP: Introduction 35. The nucleus of the atom will always have a positive charge. ANS: T DIF: ANpplicRatioIn GREBF:.p.C 4M1 U S N T O N R I G ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 45 TOP: Chemical Reactions 52. A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 49 TOP: The pH Scale 53. A solution with a pH of 3 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 49 TOP: The pH Scale 54. Because oxygen has eight electrons, it has achieved its octet and will not react with other elements. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 42 TOP: Energy Levels 55. Trace elements in the body make up about 1% of the body weight. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 39 TOP: Elements and Compounds 56. The atomic number of an atom determines its identity. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 57. An ionic bond forms crystals whereas a covalent bond forms molecules. ANS: T DIF: Memorization B.C M REF: pp. 43-44 TOP: Ionic Bonds and CovalentUBonSds N T O 58. Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom in areas of probability rather than in defined orbits. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Energy Levels 59. The idea that electrons are found in areas of probability distribution around the nucleus was first proposed by Niels Bohr. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Energy Levels 60. The term atomic weight refers to the average mass number for a particular element based on the typical proportions of different isotopes found in nature. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42 TOP: Isotopes 61. A molecule can be an element or a compound. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 43 TOP: Attractions Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds Memoriz tio 62. There cannot be an electrically neutral ion. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 44 TOP: Ionic Bonds 63. Ions gain or lose electrons to try to attain four pairs of electrons in their outermost energy level. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 44 TOP: Ionic Bonds 64. Hydrogen bonds form as a result of the attraction between polar molecules. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 44-45 TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 65. In a formula for a chemical reaction, the substances on the right of the arrow are referred to as products. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 45 TOP: Chemical Reactions 66. A type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis is an example of an anabolic reaction. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Catabolism 67. During catabolic reactions, some of the energy is released as heat to help keep the body warm. ANS: T TOP: Catabolism DIF: NURS a IN n GTB.CO M REF: p. 46 68. A type of chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis is an example of an anabolic reaction. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Anabolism 69. A few inorganic compounds contain both C-C bonds but no inorganic compound has a C-H bond. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 47 TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 70. Fifty percent or more of a normal adult’s body weight is water. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 47 TOP: Water 71. One of the functions of water in the body is that of helping to maintain a constant body temperature. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 47 5. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42 TOP: 6. ANS: Isotopes I DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 7. ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 44-45 TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 8. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 40 TOP: Atomic Structure 9. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 43 TOP: Ionic Bonds 10. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 42 TOP: Energy Levels OTHER 1. Describe the Bohr model of the atom. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: p. 41 TOP: Energy Levels 2. Name and briefly describe the types of chemical bonds discussed in this chapter. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p p N . 4U3R-4S5 INGTB.COM TOP: Covalent Bonds, Ionic or Electrovalent Bonds, and Hydrogen Bonds 3. Explain the types of chemical reactions discussed in this chapter, and give the formula for each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: p. 45 TOP: Chemical Reactions 4. Name and describe the types of radiation discussed in the chapter. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 42, Connect It TOP: Radiation 5. Explain why the properties of water are important in the functioning of the body. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 47 TOP: Properties of Water 6. Explain the role of buffers in maintaining the proper environment in which the body can function. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: p. 50 TOP: Buffers 7. Explain what is meant by anabolism and catabolism, and name a process that is an example of each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: p. 46 TOP: Metabolism 8. Releases a hydrogen ion into a solution, which lowers the pH a. Acid b. Base ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 48 TOP: Acids and Bases 9. Releases a hydroxide ion into solution, which raises the pH a. Acid b. Base ANS: B Chapter 04: Biomolecules Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 11th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? a. Proteins b. Salts c. Lipids d. Nucleic acids ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 56 TOP: Organic Molecules 2. All of the following substances are organic except: a. lipids. b. electrolytes. c. carbohydrates. d. proteins. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 56 TOP: Organic Molecules 3. The amino group in an amino acid is: a. NH3 + . b. COO – . c. symbolized by the letter RN d. SO2. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 4. Peptide bonds join together molecules of: a. glycerol. b. glucose. c. amino acids. d. water. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 5. Which lipid is part of vitamin D? a. Glycerol b. Steroids c. Prostaglandins d. Fatty acids ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 60 TOP: Steroids 6. The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: a. carbon. b. hydrogen. c. oxygen. d. nitrogen. ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins 7. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: a. hydrolysis. b. oxidation. c. decomposition. d. dehydration synthesis. ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 57 TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides 8. Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: a. enzymes. b. essential amino acids. c. structural proteins. d. peptide bonds. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 9. The basic building blocks of fats are: a. monosaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. amino acids. d. fatty acids and glycerol.NURSINGTB.COM ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 58 TOP: Triglycerides or Fats 10. A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: a. triglyceride. b. phospholipid. c. steroid. d. Both B and C are correct. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: pp. 59-60 TOP: Phospholipids 11. DNA: a. is a single strand of nucleotides. b. contains the sugar ribose. c. is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. d. transports amino acids during protein synthesis. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 67 TOP: Nucleic Acids and Related Molecules 12. The type of lipoprotein associated with ―bad‖ cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: a. HDL. b. LDL. c. VHDL. d. none of the above. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 61 TOP: Blood Lipoproteins 13. The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: a. triglycerides. b. phosphoglycerides. c. steroids. d. prostaglandins. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 60 TOP: Steroids 14. Which of the following is not one of the three major ingredients of a DNA molecule? a. Sugar b. Nitrogenous bases c. Phosphate d. Lipid ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 66 TOP: Nucleic Acids and Related Molecules 15. Proteins are composed of commonly occurring amino acids. a. 10 b. 18 c. 21 d. 22 REF: p. 65, Table 4-3 22. Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quaternary ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 64 TOP: Levels of Protein Structure 23. Which level of protein structure is one that contains several polypeptide chains? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quaternary ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 64 TOP: Levels of Protein Structure 24. Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? a. They both contain glycerol. b. They both contain fatty acids. c. They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. d. All of the above are true of both triglycerides and phospholipids. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 58-59 TOP: Triglycerides and Phospholipids 25. Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? a. Both are found in the cell membrane. b. Both have a ring structure in their molecule. c. Both have a saturated fat in their structure. d. None of the above are shared characteristics. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 60 TOP: Steroids and Prostaglandins 26. Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? a. FAD b. Creatine phosphate c. NAD d. ATP ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 68 TOP: Nucleotides and Related Molecules 27. If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be: a. CTAGGCTG. b. GATCCGAC. c. CUAGGCUG. d. GAUCCGAC. NURSINGTB.COM ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 67 TOP: DNA and RNA 28. The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of , with being the dominant component. a. a lipid and a protein; the lipid b. carbohydrate and protein; carbohydrate c. a lipid and a protein; the protein d. carbohydrate and protein; protein ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 69 TOP: Combined Forms 29. Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates? a. They include substances commonly called sugars. b. They are the body’s primary source of energy. c. They are a part of both DNA and RNA. d. All of the above are true of carbohydrates. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 56 TOP: Carbohydrates 30. When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Maltose c. Lactose d. Fructose ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 57 TOP: Carbohydrates 31. A is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. a. hydroxyl b. phosphate c. amine group d. free radical ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 56 TOP: Organic Molecules 32. Sometimes referred to as animal starch, is the main polysaccharide in the body. a. sucrose b. maltose c. glucose d. glycogen ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 57 TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides 33. What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? a. Degree of saturation b. Presence of glycerol B.COM c. Available bonds of hydrocarbons d. Polarity ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 58 TOP: Types of Fatty Acids 34. The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? a. Structural and functional b. Chemical and functional c. Structural and chemical d. Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins TRUE/FALSE 1. Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon-containing compounds in the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins 2. Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 57 TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides 3. There are a total of 21 essential amino acids. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 4. Steroids are often called tissue hormones. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 60 TOP: Steroids 5. DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 67 TOP: Nucleic Acids 6. Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases, which are important constituents of a DNA molecule. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 66 TOP: Nucleic Acids 7. The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape or conformation. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins 8. Enzymes are functional prote N inUs R thSat I bNri G ngTm B o . le C cuOl M es together or split them apart in chemical reactions. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins 9. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the ―bad‖ cholesterol. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 61, Box 4-1 TOP: Blood Lipoproteins 10. The nonessential amino acids cannot be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 11. Sugars and starches are both considered to be carbohydrates. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 56 TOP: Carbohydrates 12. Glucose is a hexose, and ribose is a pentose. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 56 TOP: Carbohydrates 13. Nonessential amino acids are rarely used in the making of proteins in the human body. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 14. Fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all considered lipids. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 58 TOP: Lipids 15. Fats are composed of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 58 TOP: Triglycerides or Fats 16. Saturated fats are more likely than unsaturated fats to be liquid at room temperature. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 59 TOP: Triglycerides or Fats 17. Phospholipids have a fat-soluble end and a water-soluble end. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 59 TOP: Phospholipids 18. Prostaglandins are associated with the prostate gland and therefore are not found in women. ANS: F DIF: A N ppUlic R atSio I nN G RTE B F: . p C .O60 M 19. A denatured protein has lost its functional shape. 34. Proteins can be divided into functional proteins and structural proteins. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins 35. Amino acids get their name because they have an amino group (NH3 + ) and an acid group (COO – ). ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 36. When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H + ion is released. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 37. The joining of amino acids in a peptide bond is an example of the process of hydrolysis. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 63 TOP: Amino Acids 38. Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 64-65 TOP: Levels of Protein Structure 39. RNA and DNA have the s am N e Upy R riSm I idNin G eTb B as . es C bOut M different purine bases. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 67 TOP: DNA and RNA 40. The function of transfer RNA is to select and adhere to a specific amino acid and place it in the correct sequence in the primary protein strand. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 67 TOP: DNA and RNA 41. If one side of a DNA molecule is CCTAGGC, the opposite side of the molecule would be CCTAGGC. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 66 TOP: DNA and RNA MATCHING Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase. a. RNA b. DNA c. Carbohydrate d. Fat e. Steroid f. Protein g. Prostaglandins h. ATP 1. Substance composed of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules 2. Starch or sugar 3. Lipid found in sex hormone that is made up of four rings 4. Types of lipids that are called tissue hormones 5. Molecule that is the body’s usual source of direct energy 6. Nucleic acid that contains thymine and deoxyribose sugar 7. Substance that is made up of a long chain of amino acids 8. Nucleic acid that contains ribose sugar and uracil 1. ANS: TOP: D DIF: Triglycerides or Fats Memorization REF: p. 58 2. ANS: TOP: C DIF: Carbohydrates Memorization REF: p. 56 3. ANS: TOP: E DIF: Steroids Memorization REF: p. 60 4. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 60 TOP: Prostaglandins 5. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 67 TOP: Nucleotides and Related Molecules 6. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 67 TOP: Nucleic Acids and RelatNedUMRoSleIculNeGs TB.CO M 7. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 61 TOP: Proteins 8. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 66 TOP: Nucleic Acids and Related Molecules SHORT ANSWER 1. List the types of lipids, and give a function for each type. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: pp. 58-60 TOP: Lipids 2. Explain the different functions performed by RNA in the cell. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 66-67 TOP: DNA and RNA 3. Name and describe the structural levels of protein. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 64-65 TOP: Levels of Protein Structure 4. Compare and contrast the structures of DNA and RNA. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: pp. 66-67 TOP: DNA and RNA ESSAY 1. If one side of a DNA molecule is A-T-C-G-G-T-C-A-G, what would the bases be on the other side of the molecule? On what do you base your answer? ANS: T-A-G-C-C-A-G-T-C DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 66, Table 4-4 TOP: Nucleic Acids 2. Enzymes that are exposed to high heat or low pH solutions lose their ability to function. What causes this to happen? Be specific. ANS: Answers will vary. NURSINGTB.COM DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 66 TOP: Proteins 3. Chaperones are present in every body cell. Discuss the importance of these groups of proteins. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Application REF: pp. 64-65 TOP: Levels of Protein Structure