Test Bank For Anatomy & Physiology for Emergency Care 3rd edition, Exams of Anatomy

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TEST BANK

Anatomy & Physiology for Emergency Care

Bryan Bledsoe, Frederic Martini, Edwin Bartholomew

3rd Edition

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Table of Contents

• Chapter 1. An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
• Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization
• Chapter 3. Cell Structure and Function
• Chapter 4. The Tissue Level of Organization
• Chapter 5. The Integumentary System
• Chapter 6. The Skeletal System
• Chapter 7. The Muscular System
• Chapter 8. The Nervous System
• Chapter 9. The General and Special Senses
• Chapter 10. The Endocrine System
• Chapter 11. The Cardiovascular System - Blood
• Chapter 12. The Cardiovascular System - The Heart
• Chapter 13. The Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels and Circulation
• Chapter 14. The Lymphatic System and Immunity
• Chapter 15. The Respiratory System
• Chapter 16. The Digestive System
• Chapter 17. Nutrition and Metabolism
• Chapter 18. The Urinary System
• Chapter 19. The Reproductive System
• Chapter 20. Development and Inheritance

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Anatomy & Physiology for Emergency Care, 3e (Bledsoe) Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

1. Gross anatomy, or macroscopic anatomy, considers: A) internal features of the body. B) features visible with the naked, or unaided, eye. C) a study of a system of the body. D) None of the above Answer: B

2. The human form shown upright, hands at the sides, palms forward, and feet together is in the ________ position. A) anatomical B) physiological C) prone D) supine Answer: A

3. A person lying face down is in the ________ position. A) physiological B) prone C) anatomical D) supine Answer: B

4. A person lying face up is in the ________ position. A) physiological B) supine C) prone D) anatomical Answer: B

5. The frontal plane divides the body into the ________ and ________ portions. A) superior, inferior B) anterior, posterior C) lateral, dorsal D) None of the above Answer: B

6. The diaphragm separates the abdominopelvic and ________ cavities. A) cranial B) thoracic C) intestinal D) renal Answer: B

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7. The layer of the pericardium covering the heart is the ________ pericardium. A) parietal B) visceral C) cardio D) pulmonary Answer: B

8. The pericardium lies within the: A) pelvic cavity. B) peritoneal cavity. C) abdominopelvic cavity. D) mediastinum. Answer: D

9. ________ is an anatomical term meaning "toward an attached base." A) Inferior B) Distal C) Proximal D) Superficial Answer: C

10. ________ is an anatomical term meaning "above or at a higher level." A) Lateral B) Inferior C) Medial D) Superior Answer: D

11. The term ________ means "the study of internal and external structures and the physical relationships among body parts." A) anatomy B) ornithology C) cytology D) physiology Answer: A

12. ________ is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. A) Cytology B) Ornithology C) Anatomy D) Physiology Answer: D

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13. The ________ level is comprised of the smallest stable units of matter. A) tissue B) cellular C) molecular D) organ Answer: C

14. ________ are the smallest living units in the body. A) Tissues B) Proteins C) Cells D) Molecules Answer: C

15. The pleural cavity surrounds what organ? A) lung B) brain C) heart D) small intestines Answer: A

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Match each term to its definition.

A) Sebaceous glands B) Posterior C) Surface anatomy D) Regional anatomy E) Ventral F) Cell physiology G) Histology H) Effector I) Positive feedback J) Receptor K) Homeostatic regulation L) Cytology M) Pathology N) Cervical O) Peritoneum

16. Analyzing the internal structure of individual cells

17. The study of the functions of living cells

18. The study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions

19. Adjustments made to maintain a stable internal environment

20. An initial homeostatic response that reinforces a stimulus

21. Serous membrane lining the peritoneal cavity

22. Secrete(s) oil that lubricates the hair shaft and epidermis

23. Region of the body that includes the neck

24. Anatomical term meaning "behind or the back"; also known as dorsal

25. Anatomical term meaning "to the front"; also known as anterior

26. The study of general form and superficial markings

27. All of the superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body

28. Study of tissues

29. The part of homeostatic regulation that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus

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30. The part of homeostatic regulation that responds to commands to reinforce or oppose a stimulus

Answers: 16) L 17) F 18) M 19) K 20) I 21) O 22) A 23) N 24) B 25) E 26) C 27) D

28. G 29) J 30) H

29. The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into either four or nine regions. Answer: TRUE

30. The axial skeleton includes all limbs and supporting bones and ligaments. Answer: FALSE

31. The sagittal plane runs along the long axis of the body, extending anteriorly and posteriorly and dividing the body into left and right portions. Answer: TRUE

32. The human body contains one (1) pleural cavity and one (1) pericardial cavity. Answer: FALSE

33. A positive feedback is an initial stimulus that produces a response that reinforces that stimulus. Answer: TRUE

34. An organ consists of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific functions. Answer: TRUE

35. An organ is composed of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. Answer: FALSE

36. Cytolism refers to all of the chemical operations under way in the body. Answer: FALSE

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Anatomy & Physiology for Emergency Care, 3e (Bledsoe) Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization

1. ________ are a type of subatomic particle contained in atoms. A) Neutrons B) Electrons C) Protons D) All of the above Answer: D

2. A subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge is called a(n): A) electron. B) proton. C) neutron. D) None of the above Answer: B

3. A(n) ________ is a subatomic particle with a negative charge. A) neutron B) proton C) electron D) None of the above Answer: C

4. The atomic number of an atom is its total number of: A) protons and electrons. B) neutrons. C) protons. D) protons and neutrons. Answer: C

5. The mass number of an isotope is its total number of: A) protons and neutrons. B) neutrons and electrons. C) electrons. D) protons. Answer: A

6. ________ are atoms or molecules with an electric charge. A) Cations B) Anions C) Ions D) All of the above Answer: D

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7. ________ are chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations. A) Sodium bonds B) Ionic bonds C) Hydrogen bonds D) Covalent bonds Answer: B

8. Chemical bonds created by the sharing of electrons with other atoms are called: A) hydrogen bonds. B) ionic bonds. C) sodium bonds. D) covalent bonds. Answer: D

9. ________ is the energy of motion. A) Potential energy B) Work C) Kinetic energy D) None of the above Answer: C

10. ________ is stored energy. A) Kinetic energy B) Work C) Potential energy D) None of the above Answer: C

11. ________ is a form of decomposition reaction. A) Catabolism B) Digestion C) Hydrolysis D) All of the above Answer: D

12. ________ assembles larger molecules from smaller components. A) Dehydration synthesis B) A synthesis reaction C) Anabolism D) All of the above Answer: D

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13. ________ is the amount of energy required to start a reaction. A) Activation energy B) Beginning energy C) Potential energy D) None of the above Answer: A

14. ________ are compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed. Enzymes are an example of these compounds. A) Crystalloids B) Catalysts C) Colloids D) All of the above Answer: B

15. Reactions that release energy are said to be: A) exergonic. B) endergonic. C) indergonic. D) androgenic. Answer: A

16. Reactions that absorb energy are said to be: A) indergonic. B) androgenic. C) endergonic. D) exergonic. Answer: C

17. ________ are the essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet. A) Nutrients B) Metabolites C) Both A and B D) None of the above Answer: A

18. Molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our body are called: A) nutrients. B) metabolites. C) Both A and B D) None of the above Answer: B

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19. ________ are compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions. A) Catalysts B) Carbohydrates C) Electrolytes D) Buffers Answer: D

20. Fat is the combination of fatty acids and: A) glycerol. B) glycogen. C) steroids. D) cholesterol. Answer: A

21. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are examples of: A) cations. B) lipids. C) anions. D) proteins. Answer: A

22. Sulfate, biphosphate, bicarbonate, and chloride are examples of: A) proteins. B) cations. C) lipids. D) anions. Answer: D

23. Atoms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons are: A) mass elements. B) natural elements. C) neutral elements. D) isotopes. Answer: D

24. Surface tension is an example of what kind of chemical bond? A) Sodium B) Hydrogen C) Covalent D) Ionic Answer: B

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25. A reaction where molecules are shuffled around, such as AB + CD → AD + CB, is called a(n): A) exchange reaction. B) decomposition reaction. C) reversible reaction. D) synthesis reaction. Answer: A

26. ________ is when the rates of two reactions are in balance. A) Reversible B) Equilibrium C) Equal balance D) None of the above Answer: B

27. What reaction breaks molecules into smaller fragments (for example, AB → A + B)? A) Decomposition reaction B) Reversible reaction C) Exchange reaction D) Synthesis reaction Answer: A

28. Inorganic compounds do not contain hydrogen and ________ atoms. A) oxygen B) magnesium C) carbon D) sulfur Answer: C

29. What is a uniform mixture of fluid solvent and dissolved solutes called? A) A solvent liquid B) A solution C) A hydrolyzed fluid D) None of the above Answer: B

30. Which is the organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio near 1:2:1? Examples of this organic molecule include the sugars and starches that make up roughly half of the typical U.S. diet. A) Monosaccharide B) Carbohydrate C) Lipid D) Polysaccharide Answer: B

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31. Water is an excellent solvent. Answer: TRUE

32. Water has a very low heat capacity. Answer: FALSE

33. Water is not an essential reactant in the chemical reactions of living organisms. Answer: FALSE

34. An acid is any substance that breaks apart in solution and releases hydrogen ions. Answer: TRUE

35. A base is a substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution. Answer: TRUE

36. Energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another. Answer: TRUE

37. The number of electrons in an atom's outer shell determines its chemical properties. Answer: TRUE

38. Salt dissolves into sodium and chloride, the most abundant ions in body fluids. Answer: TRUE

39. Triglycerides are the rarest forms of fat in the body. Answer: FALSE

40. Testosterone and estrogen are examples of steroids. Answer: TRUE

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Anatomy & Physiology for Emergency Care, 3e (Bledsoe) Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function

1. What is the watery medium surrounding a cell called? A) Extracellular fluid B) Interstitial fluid C) Cytoplasm D) Both A and B Answer: D

2. What part of the cell surrounds the nucleus but is separated from the outside by a cell membrane? A) Interstitial fluid B) Extracellular fluid C) Cytoplasm D) Both A and B Answer: C

3. Intracellular structures are collectively known as: A) cytoplasm. B) extracellular fluid. C) cytosol. D) organelles. Answer: D

4. What functions do the carbohydrate portions of molecules perform? A) Receptor site for extracellular compounds B) Form part of a recognition system to keep the body's immune system from attacking the body's own cells and tissues C) Cell lubricant and adhesive D) All of the above Answer: D

5. ________ processes require the cell to expend energy to move ions or molecules across the cell membrane, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A) Active B) Aggressive C) Energetic D) Exothermic Answer: A

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6. ________ is the movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of relatively low concentration. A) Diffusion B) Filtration C) Molecular dispersion D) Diluting Answer: A

7. What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called? A) Concentration gradient B) Hydrogen dispersion C) Osmosis D) None of the above Answer: C

8. Which solution does not cause the net movement of water into or out of a red blood cell? A) Crenatonic B) Hypertonic C) Hypotonic D) Isotonic Answer: D

9. Which solution causes the movement of water into a red blood cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse, or burst? A) Hypotonic B) Crenatonic C) Isotonic D) Hypertonic Answer: A

10. Which solution causes a red blood cell to lose water, causing the cell to shrink and dehydrate? A) Crenatonic B) Hypertonic C) Hypotonic D) Isotonic Answer: B

11. Glucose is passively transported across the cell membrane by binding to a receptor site on a carrier protein in a process called: A) facilitated osmosis. B) facilitated diffusion. C) assisted osmosis. D) assisted diffusion. Answer: B

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12. ________ are the carrier proteins that move sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium across plasma membranes. A) Cation pumps B) Carrier pumps C) Ion pumps D) All of the above Answer: C

13. ________ are the carrier proteins that move an ion in one direction, while simultaneously moving another ion in the opposite direction. A) Diffusion pumps B) Carrier pumps C) Exchange pumps D) Osmotic pumps Answer: C

14. Lactated Ringers and normal saline are examples of what type of IV fluid? A) Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrying solution (HBOCs) B) Blood products C) Crystalloid D) Colloid Answer: C

15. ________ is the process in which materials move in and out of the cell in small membranous sacs that form at, or fuse with, the plasma membrane. A) Venous buffering B) Vascular transport C) Vesicular transport D) Vascular insertion Answer: C

16. ________ produces vesicles containing solid objects that may be as large as the cell itself, then breaks down the contents using the digestive enzymes in lysosomes. A) Vesicle-intruded endocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis D) Phagocytosis Answer: D

17. ________ is the process in which a vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges it contents, such as hormones and waste products, into the extracellular environment. A) Phagocytosis B) Exocytosis C) Pinocytosis D) Endocytosis Answer: B

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18. ________ are the internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structure, maintenance, and metabolism. A) Organelles B) Cytoplasm C) Microvilli D) Cytosins Answer: A

19. The organelles that manufacture proteins, using information provided by the DNA of the nucleus, are called what? A) Flagella B) Ribosomes C) Proteasomes D) None of the above Answer: B

20. The endoplasmic reticulum has what function(s)? A) Neutralization of drugs and toxins B) Storage and transport of molecules or materials C) Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids D) All of the above Answer: D

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Match each term to its definition.

A) Inter- B) Mitochondria C) Golgi apparatus D) Pro- E) Exo- F) Nucleus G) Hemo- H) Lysosomes I) Pseudo- J) Meta- K) Endo- L) Hyper- M) Ana- N) Hypo- O) Aerobic metabolism

21. Prefix meaning "apart"

22. Prefix meaning "inside"

23. Prefix meaning "outside"

24. Prefix meaning "blood"

25. Prefix meaning "above"

26. Prefix meaning "below"

27. Prefix meaning "between"

28. Prefix meaning "after"

29. Prefix meaning "before"

30. Prefix meaning "false"

31. Vesicles filled with digestive enzymes

32. Renews or modifies the cell membrane

33. Small organelles that provide energy for the cell

34. Also known as cellular respiration

35. Control center for cellular operations

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Answers: 21) M 22) K 23) E 24) G 25) L 26) N 27) A 28) J 29) D 30) I 31) H 32) C

33. B 34) O 35) F

34. Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals. Answer: TRUE

35. Cells are nearly the smallest units of life. Answer: FALSE

36. Cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. Answer: TRUE

37. Each cell maintains homeostasis. Answer: TRUE

38. Each organism maintains homeostasis only through the combined and coordinated actions of many types of cells and the organism's interaction with the environment. Answer: FALSE

39. Permeability is the property of a cell membrane that allows substances to enter but not leave the cytoplasm. Answer: FALSE

40. The osmotic pressure of a solution is an indication of the force of water movement into that solution as a result of solute concentration. Answer: TRUE

41. Crenation is the swelling of red blood cells that may eventually cause them to lyse, or burst. Answer: FALSE

42. In carrier-mediated transport, membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substrates and carry them across the cell membrane. Answer: TRUE

43. The sodium-potassium exchange pump maintains homeostasis by ejecting sodium ions and recapturing lost potassium ions. Answer: TRUE

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Anatomy & Physiology for Emergency Care, 3e (Bledsoe) Chapter 4 The Tissue Level of Organization

1. ________ are layers of cells that cover internal or external surfaces. A) Exithelia B) Epithelia C) Glands D) None of the above Answer: B

2. What is an essential function of epithelial cells? A) Produce specialized secretions B) Provide physical protection C) Control permeability D) All of the above Answer: D

3. A single layer of cells covering the basement membrane is called the what? A) Simple epithelium B) Single epithelium C) Stratified epithelium D) None of the above Answer: A

4. The several layers of cells providing protection above the basement membrane are called the what? A) Complex epithelium B) Stratified epithelium C) Layered epithelium D) None of the above Answer: B

5. In a ________ epithelium, the cells are thin and flat. A) cylindrical B) cuboidal C) squamous D) columnar Answer: C

6. A ________ epithelium withstands considerable stretching and lines the ureters and urinary bladder. A) simple B) cuboidal C) squamous D) transitional Answer: D

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7. Which type of secretion involves the loss of cytoplasm and the secretory product? A) Epithelial B) Merocrine C) Apocrine D) Holocrine Answer: C

8. Mixing water and mucin to create mucus is an example of which form of secretion? A) Holocrine B) Merocrine C) Epithelial D) Apocrine Answer: B

9. The ________ glands secrete a watery solution containing enzymes. A) serous B) mucous C) mixed D) Both A and C Answer: D

10. ________ is an example of a connective tissue. A) Blood B) Fat C) Bone D) All of the above Answer: D

11. Which of the following is a function of connective tissue? A) Defense of the body B) Support and protection C) Transportation of materials D) All of the above Answer: D

12. ________ are responsible for producing and maintaining connective tissue fibers. A) Mast cells B) Fat cells C) Macrophages D) Fibroblasts Answer: D

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13. ________ are responsible for engulfing damaged cells or pathogens that enter the tissue. A) Fibroblasts B) Mast cells C) Macrophages D) None of the above Answer: C

14. ________ are proteins that destroy invading microorganisms. A) Stem cells B) Antibodies C) Fibroblasts D) Antibiotics Answer: B

15. Tendons and ligaments are examples of what type of connective tissue? A) Adipose B) Strengthened C) Loose D) Dense Answer: D

16. The watery matrix in blood is called: A) lymph. B) a platelet. C) plasma. D) hematose. Answer: C

17. The red blood cell accounts for almost ________ of the volume of blood. A) two-thirds (66%) B) one-half (50%) C) one-third (33%) D) one-fourth (25%) Answer: B

18. ________ is found in the epiglottis and the outer ear. A) Osteo-cartilage B) Elastic cartilage C) Hyaline cartilage D) Fibrocartilage Answer: B

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19. Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage? A) Fibrocartilage B) Osteo-cartilage C) Elastic D) Hyaline Answer: D

20. ________ is/are the covering that surrounds bones. A) Osteocytes B) Osseous tissue C) Periosteum D) Canaliculi Answer: C

21. The ________ membrane lines the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. A) cutaneous B) serous C) synovial D) mucous Answer: D

22. The pleural lining of the lungs is an example of what kind of membrane? A) Serous B) Cutaneous C) Synovial D) Mucous Answer: A

23. What type of muscle is also known as striated voluntary muscle because it is controlled by the nervous system and has a striated appearance? A) Cardiac B) Synovial C) Skeletal D) Smooth Answer: C

24. The majority of neural tissue is found where? A) Brain B) Spinal cord C) Nerve pathways D) Both A and B Answer: D

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25. The first phase of tissue injury, when it is isolated from neighboring healthy tissue, is called what? A) Incarcerating B) Immune response C) Inflammation D) Regeneration Answer: C

Match each term to its definition. A) peri- B) Vas C) Soma D) apo- E) a- F) Holos G) Os H) exo- I) Squama- J) Phagein

26. Prefix meaning "off"

27. Prefix meaning "without"

28. Prefix meaning "outside"

29. Plate or scale

30. Prefix meaning "around"

31. Body

32. Vessel

33. Entire

34. To eat

35. Bone

Answers: 26) D 27) E 28) H 29) I 30) A 31) C 32) B 33) F 34) J 35) G

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36. Epithelial cells are called avascular because they lack blood vessels. Answer: TRUE

37. Exocrine secretions are released into surrounding tissues; endocrine secretions are discharged onto the surface of the epithelium. Answer: FALSE

38. In a columnar epithelium, the cells are square. Answer: FALSE

39. Amniocentesis is an example of exfoliative cytology, or the study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces. Answer: TRUE

40. Connective tissue proper consists of cells and fibers within a watery ground substance. Answer: FALSE

41. Supportive connective tissue contains loosely packed and flexible fibers. Answer: FALSE

42. Elastic fibers are branched and wavy and after stretching will return to near their original length. Answer: FALSE

43. Connective tissue proper is categorized as either loose connective tissues or dense connective tissues. Answer: TRUE

44. Adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue containing large numbers of fat cells. Answer: TRUE

45. Permanent replacement of normal tissue is called fibrosis. Answer: TRUE

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