Test Bank for Chapter 10 Nervous System 1: Basic Structure and Function, Exams of Anatomy

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Chapter 10 Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology

th

edition David Shier, Ricki Lewis, Jackie

Butler,2024 Test Bank for Chapter 10 Nervous

System 1: Basic Structure and Function

complete (multiple choice, true or false and case

studies)

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

True/False Quiz

Please answer all questions

Motor neurons receive impulses from the muscles in order to regulate glandular secretions. A) True

B)

False

The nucleus of a neuron is always located within the cell body region. A) True

B)

False

All neurons have at least one dendrite but one or more axons.

A) True

B)

False

Motor neurons usually have a more complex structure than sensory neurons.

A) True

B)

False

5 Impulses within a neuron always travel from the dendrite towards the axons.

A) True

B)

False

6 The oligodendrocytes are capable of producing the myelin sheath that will wrap around a spinal

nerve. A) True

B)

False

7 When a neuron is resting, the outside has more potassium ions than the inside.

A) True

B)

False

8 The nodes of Ranvier function in slowing the conduction of the impulse.

A) True

B)

False

9 The enzyme acetylcholinesterase acts to inhibit the stimulation between neurons. A) True

B)

False

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions

1

The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and _____.

A) cranial nerves

B)

spinal cord

C)

peripheral nerves

D)

spinal nerves

2

The______of a neuron carries the impulse towards the nucleus.

A) cell body

B)

myelin

C)

axon

D)

dendrite

3

Which part of a neuron is directly involved with protein synthesis?

A) cell body

B)

neurofibrils

C)

Nissl body

D)

neurolemma

4

Which part of a neuron directly contacts another neuron at the synapse?

A) synaptic knob

B)

dendrite

C)

axon

D)

collateral fiber

5

The phagocytic cells in the CNS are the ______. A) astrocytes

B)

microglia

C)

oligodendrocytes

D)

ependymal cells

6

The _____cells provide a means of acquiring nutrients in the brain. A) astrocyte

B)

microglia

C)

ependymal

D)

oligodendrocyte

7

The resting potential of a neuron is _____mv. A)

B)

-

C)

0

D)

-

8

The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse is called the _____. A) action potential

B)

resting potential

C)

threshold

D)

refractory period

9 Saltatory conduction occurs when an impulse jumps from _____. A) axon to dendrite

B)

node to node

C)

dendrite to axon

D)

node of Ranvier to axon

10

The most common neurotransmitter in the body is _____.

A) norepinephrine

B)

adrenalin

C)

acetylcholine

D)

dopamine

11

Acetylcholine is decomposed by _____almost as fast as it is released.

A) monoamine oxidase

B)

MAO inhibitors

C)

norepinephrine

D)

acetylcholinesterase

12

The following belong together except which one?

A) norepinephrine

B)

acetylcholine

C)

epinephrine

D)

adrenalin

13

A morphine-like pain suppressing brain substance is _____.

A)

substance P

B)

beta-endorphin

C)

nicotine

D)

neuropeptide

14

A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of a conduction is the _____. A) EPSP

B)

IPSP

C)

threshold potential

D)

action potential

15

A drug, which prevents over-stimulation by the PNS neurons, is _____. A) curare

B)

caffeine

C)

amphetamine

D)

tricyclic anti-depressant

16

Which of the following does not belong with the rest? A) summation

B)

facilitation

C)

divergence

D)

convergence

17

Which type of short neuron is found in the retina?

A) bipolar

B)

unipolar

C)

multipolar

D)

sensory

18

The following belong together except which one? A) multipolar

B)

motor

C)

sensory

D)

efferent

19

The following belong together except which one? A) interneuron

B)

intercalated neuron

C)

association neuron

D)

sensory neuron

20

The nucleus of a sensory neuron can be found within the _____. A) CNS

B)

ganglia

C)

myelin sheath

D)

spinal cord

21

Gross nerves that contain sensory impulses are referred to as _____. A) afferent

B)

roots

C)

mixed

D)

efferent

22

The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and _____. A) spinal cord

B)

sensory nerves

C)

the brain

D)

spinal nerves

23

Collaterals are fibers arising from the ____of neurons. A) dendrite

B)

axon

C)

soma

D)

synapse

24

Nerves that carry impulses from the heart to the brain could be classed as _____fibers. A) somatic efferent

B)

visceral efferent

C)

somatic afferent

D)

visceral afferent

25

The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are the ______. A) oligodendrocytes

B)

axons

C)

Schwann cells

D)

ependymal

26 The following could be grouped together except which one?

A) association

B)

motor

C)

internuncial

D)

interneuron

27 The ______cells play a role in the establishment of a blood-brain chemical barrier.

A) microglia

B)

neuron

C)

astrocyte

D)

ependymal

True/False Quiz

Please answer all questions

1 A damaged phrenic nerve would heal more slowly than a severed spinal nerve. A) True

B)

False

2 Oligodendrocytes can be found within the brain.

A) True

B)

False

3

Nodes of Ranvier are only found on motor axons. A) True

B)

False

4

There is a higher concentration of K+ outside of a resting neuron than Na+.

A) True

B)

False

5

A neuron will not respond to any stimulus during its absolute refractory period.

A) True

B)

False

6

The axon nerve impulse is self-propagating and occurs in the direction towards the cell body. A) True

B)

False

7

A synapse is a junction between two dendrites. A) True

B)

False

8

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin are classed as monoamine

neurotransmitters. A) True

B)

False

9 Food additives, such as MSG (monosodium glutamate) derived from glutamic acid, could act as neurotransmitters.

A) True

B)

False

10

Neurotransmitters are usually released into the synaptic vesicles during depolarization. A) True

B)

False

11

Sub-threshold stimuli can never evoke an action potential. A) True

B)

False

12

Convergence is a way of amplifying a stimulus through a neuronal pool.

A) True

B)

False

13

An effector is usually a muscle or motor nerve.

A) True

B)

False

14

Motor neurons usually have one axon and several dendrites. A) True

B)

False

15

Nervous tissue includes areas of connective tissue. A) True

B)

False

16

Somatic afferent fibers would carry sensory impulses away from the brain, towards areas such as

the eye. A) True

B)

False

17

Most brain tumors arise from neuroglial cell overgrowth. A) True

B)

False

18

A damaged CNS nerve could not regenerate as easily as a PNS fiber.

A) True

B)

False

19

Gray matter most significantly contains cell bodies and dendrites.

A) True

B)

False

20

The ion that always moves in a membrane direction opposite to sodium is K+. A) True

B)

False

21

Drugs that hyperpolarize an axon would make the nerve less sensitive to stimulations. A) True

B)

False

22

Calcium channels open during synaptic transmission.

A) True

B)

False

23

Having myelin increases the velocity of conduction.

A) True

B)

False

24

The action potential is around -70 mv. A) True

B)

False

25

The all-or-none response means that a subthreshold stimulus can never stimulate a nerve. A) True

B)

False

26

Sodium moves out of an axon as it is depolarizing.

A) True

B)

False

27 Local potential changes are graded. A) True

B)

False

28 Vesicles are intracellular accumulation of neurotransmitter. A) True

B)

False

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions

1 Branched nerve fibers that convey impulses toward the cell body of a neuron are called _____________.

A) axons

B)

dendrites

C)

axon collaterals

D)

axon terminals

2 Myelin sheaths on the outsides of many axons are contributed by ______________.

A) the axon itself

B)

secretory vesicles

C)

Schwann cells

D)

the cell bodies of the neuron

3 A neuron with many nerve fibers arising from its cell body and that carries impulses away from the brain would be classified as __________________.

A)

multipolar

B)

bipolar

C)

unipolar and sensory

D)

multipolar and motor

4

Which types of neurons are likely to increase muscular activities? A) accelerator neurons

B)

inhibitory neurons

C)

bipolar neurons

D)

sensory neurons

5

The _______________ are the types of neuroglial cells that provide myelin in the central nervous system.

A) astrocytes

B)

oligodendrocytes

C)

microglia

D)

ependyma

6

Which type of neuroglial cells help regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) astrocytes

B)

oligodendrocytes

C)

microglia

D)

ependyma

7

Cut neurons possess limited capabilities for regeneration. The type of neuroglial cell that aids regeneration by forming a regeneration tube to help reestablish the former connection is the

_______________.

A)

Schwann cell

B)

astrocyte

C)

microglial cell

D)

ependymal cell

8 At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that __________ ions

are most abundant on the outside of the cell, while __________ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.

A) potassium; sodium

B)

sodium; potassium

C)

calcium; phosphate

D)

sulfate; potassium

9 In response to a stimulus, if the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting

potential, we say the membrane is _______________. A) hyperpolarized

B)

depolarized

C)

unpolarized

D)

polarized

10

When a neuron reaches action potential, it depolarizes and repolarizes in an amount of time on the order of ________________.

A) seconds

B)

milliseconds

C)

microseconds

D)

nanoseconds

11

Select the incorrect statement about nerve impulse conduction. A)Saltatory conduction involves Schwann cells and occurs at greater speed than on

unmyelinated fibers.

B) Nerve impulses occur in an all-or-none manner.

C)

The neuron cannot be stimulated during the absolute refractory period.

D)The strength of impulses carried along a single nerve fiber can vary with the strength of

their stimulus.

12

Excessive sleeping is most likely due to the presence of too much of which neurotransmitter?

A) GABA

B)

norepinephrine

C)

serotonin

D)

dopamine

13

Myasthenia gravis reflects a deficiency in communication by _______________ because receptors

for this neurotransmitter have been destroyed. A) acetylcholine

B)

norepinephrine

C)

GABA

D)

dopamine

14

The levels of which neurotransmitter are affected by the mood-elevator, cocaine? A) serotonin

B)

GABA

C)

norepinephrine

D)

acetylcholine

15

Fibers that originate from different parts of the nervous system and lead to the same neuron are exhibiting _____________.

A) facilitation

B)

convergence

C)

divergence

D)

neuromodulation

16

Which term does not belong with the others? A) brain

B)

spinal cord

C)

CNS

D)

spinal nerve

17

Which items should not be grouped together? A) spinal nerve

B)

cranial nerve

C)

spinal cord

D)

PNS

18

The cells that conduct messages towards the brain are the: A) motor neurons

B)

sensory neurons

C)

interneurons

D)

neuroglia

19

Nerves impulses always travel to the brain through _____ fibers. A) neuron

B)

dendrite

C)

nerve

D)

axon

20

The myelin sheath around a neuron is actually produced by the:

A) neuron

B)

axon

C)

dendrite

D)

Schwann cell

21

Which of these cells does not belong with the others?

A) microglia

B)

neuron

C)

astrocyte

D)

oligodendroglia

22

The _____ cells are capable of removing a blood clot from the brain.

A) astrocyte

B)

oligodendrocyte

C)

microglia

D)

ependymal

23

Which of these is true when a neuron is at rest?

A)

the outside is positive

B)

the outside is negative

C)

there is no voltage

D)

the inside is positive

24

The most common neurotransmitter in the body is _____. A) serotonin

B)

dopamine

C)

acetylcholine

D)

norepinephrine