Test Bank for Medical-Surgical Nursing Critical Thinking in Client Care, 4th Edition Pris, Exams of Nursing

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Test Bank for Digital Radiography and PACS,

4th - 2023 All Chapters

structures and tissues - ANSWER>>>>A high quality radiograph should always demonstrate

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all of the above - ANSWER>>>>Spatial resolution improves with decreased _________ blur. screen motion geometric

Resolution - ANSWER>>>>_________ is defined as the ability to image two separate objects and visually detect one from the other.

noise - ANSWER>>>>Radiographic __________ is random fluctuation in the optical density of a radiograph.

0.25-2.5 - ANSWER>>>>In general radiography, the useful optical densities lie between _____ and _____.

OD = log10(Io/It) - ANSWER>>>>What is the formula for optical density?

wide latitude - ANSWER>>>>An image receptor with ____________ can be used over a greater range of exposures.

magnification, distortion and focal spot blur - ANSWER>>>>The three primary geometric factors affecting image quality are ________________________.

MF=SID/SOD - ANSWER>>>>What is the formula for the magnification factor?

Both A and B - ANSWER>>>>The best way to minimize magnification is to use a __________. long SID small OID large OID

a small focal spot - ANSWER>>>>Focal spot blur can be reduced by using __________.

Patient thickness - ANSWER>>>>Subject contrast is affected by ___________.

placing the object plane perpendicular to the image receptor - ANSWER>>>>Distortion can be reduced by ____________________________.

chest - ANSWER>>>>Which of these body parts has the highest subject contrast?

source image distance - ANSWER>>>>Radiographic image quality is improved when the __________ is increased.

all the above - ANSWER>>>>Patient thickness affects image quality by affecting ____________. magnification radiographic contrast focal spot blur

kilovoltage - ANSWER>>>>The technologist primarily controls radiographic contrast by varying the __________.

mAs - ANSWER>>>>Optical density is primarily controlled by changing the _____.

both A and B - ANSWER>>>>Image-forming x-rays include those which have been _________________. transmitted without interaction scattered through Compton interaction absorbed through photoelectric interaction both A and B

90 kVp - ANSWER>>>>Which kVp selection would result in the most scattered x-rays in the image-forming beam?

1 - ANSWER>>>>Approximately _______% of the x-ray beam incident on the patient is transmitted through the patient without interaction to become part of the image-forming beam.

Photoelectric Interaction - ANSWER>>>>The x-ray interaction that contributes to the clear parts of the image is _____________.

all of the above - ANSWER>>>>Compton scatter contributes to _____________. useful information

image noise Image contrast

kVp, field size, and patient thickness - ANSWER>>>>The three primary factors influencing the intensity of scatter in the image-forming beam are ___________________.

patient dose - ANSWER>>>>Decreasing the kVp will increase ___________.

kVp - ANSWER>>>>Photoelectric interactions increase when ___________ is decreased.

field size - ANSWER>>>>Scatter radiation increases as ___________________ increases.

useful information - ANSWER>>>>The x-rays that are transmitted through the patient without interaction contribute to ______________.

all the above - ANSWER>>>>Contrast resolution is improved by _____________. tight collimation lowering kVp patient compression

1 - ANSWER>>>>A fixed aperture diaphragm should leave a _____ cm unexposed border on the film.

variable collimator - ANSWER>>>>The most commonly used beam restricting device is the ____________.

contrast - ANSWER>>>>The use of a compression device will increase __________.

increases, increases - ANSWER>>>>Lowering kVp ________ patient dose and _________ image contrast.

collimation - ANSWER>>>>The use of __________ improves contrast and reduces patient dose.

1 cm outside image receptor size - ANSWER>>>>The positive beam limiting device (PBL) assures that the x-ray beam is collimated to __________________.

1974 - ANSWER>>>>Federal regulations passed in _____ required that positive beam limiting devices be on all manufactured x-ray collimators.

aperature diaphragm - ANSWER>>>>Beam restriction with a(n) ____________ is only accurate at a fixed SID.

use tight collimation - ANSWER>>>>How can you improve image contrast with a heavy patient without increasing patient dose?

kVp, mAs, time and SID - ANSWER>>>>What are the four primary exposure factors?

all the above - ANSWER>>>>Changes in kVp affect _____________. optical density image contrast image noise

no change; an increase - ANSWER>>>>An increase in mAs causes ______________ in beam quality and ___________ in beam quantity.

Milliamperage - ANSWER>>>>There is a direct relationship between the quantity of x-rays and the _______________.

be doubled - ANSWER>>>>If mAs is increased from 20 mAs to 40 mAs, the patient dose will _____________.

kVp - ANSWER>>>>Beam penetrability is increased if ________ is/are increased.

15 - ANSWER>>>>A _____% increase in kVp has the same effect on optical density as doubling the mAs.

wide, low - ANSWER>>>>A radiograph with a long scale of contrast will have ________ latitude and ________ contrast.

65 kVp @ 40 mAs - ANSWER>>>>A radiograph is taken using 75 kVp @ 20 mAs. Which change in technique would increase contrast but maintain the same density?

30 - ANSWER>>>>At least a _____% change in mAs is necessary to produce a visible change in optical density.

75 kVp @ 10 mAs - ANSWER>>>>A radiograph taken using 65 kVp @ 10 mAs is too light. Which technique would double the optical density while producing a wider scale of contrast?

65 kVp/300 mA @ 0.1 sec - ANSWER>>>>Which technique would give the highest patient dose?

caliper - ANSWER>>>>Patient thickness should be measured with the _______.

III. only - ANSWER>>>>The small focal spot will provide a _______ .I. higher quality x-rays beam II. greater quantity of x-rays III. finer detail of image

kilovoltage, milliamperage - ANSWER>>>>Beam quantity is improved when the __________ is increased, but __________ has no effect on beam quantity.

both A and B - ANSWER>>>>Both beam quality and beam quantity are increased by ______________. increasing kVp using 3-phase voltage increasing mAs

increasing, reducing - ANSWER>>>>Added filtration has the effect of __________ the beam quality and ________ patient dose.

III, II, I, IV - ANSWER>>>>List the following tissues in order from the most radiolucent to the most radiopaque. I. muscle II. fat III. lung IV. bone

Emphysema - ANSWER>>>>Which medical condition may require a lower technique?

mAs - ANSWER>>>>When only the optical density needs to be changed, only the _______ should be adjusted.

SID - ANSWER>>>>Sharpness of detail can be improved by increasing _________.

angled body part when the beam is perpendicular to the image receptor - ANSWER>>>>Foreshortening is caused by a(n) _________________________________.

2 - ANSWER>>>>In a variable kVp technique chart, the optimal mAs is set for each body part and there is a _____ kVp increase for each cm of thickness.

either A or B - ANSWER>>>>A variable mAs technique chart has a set kVp and specific mAs settings for ________________. small, medium, and large parts every 2 cm of thickness every 6 cm of thickness

OD - ANSWER>>>>With automatic exposure control the exposure is terminated when the optimum _____ is reached.

17 mAs - ANSWER>>>>When radiographic technique is changed from 30 mas, 100cm SID, to 75 cm SID, what should be the new mas?

28 mAs - ANSWER>>>>When radiographic technique is changed from 12.5 mas, 100cm SID to 150cm SID what should the new mas be?

patient dose - ANSWER>>>>The major disadvantage to magnification radiography is

OID - ANSWER>>>>Image magnification increases with increasing

because anatomy is inclined - ANSWER>>>>Distortion primarily occurs

reduce OID - ANSWER>>>>To reduce magnification one should do which of the following

magnification - ANSWER>>>>Distortion of an x ray image results from unequal

30 cm - ANSWER>>>>A 20 cm object is radiographed at 40 cm from the focal spot and the SID is 60 cm. the size of the image will be

OID - ANSWER>>>>The magnification factor is dependent on

focal spot size - ANSWER>>>>which of the following is most responsible for radiographic spatial resolution

Penumbra - ANSWER>>>>Another term for FSB is

lung - ANSWER>>>>Which of the following anatomical structures should exhibit the greatest subject contrast with muscle?

photoelectric interaction is increased - ANSWER>>>>Subject contrast is enhanced with the use of contrast media because

carbon fiber - ANSWER>>>>Which of the following materials would be most radiolucent?

grid ratio - ANSWER>>>>Which of the following is the most important grid characteristic?

make the grid thicker - ANSWER>>>>If the interspace dimension is constant increasing the grid ratio will

true - ANSWER>>>>Remnant X rays are those that exit the patient

true - ANSWER>>>>As field size is increased, scatter radiation: increases.

false - ANSWER>>>>Scatter Radiation reduces radiographic quality by changing blurring.

true - ANSWER>>>>X-rays that the technologist would like to have interact with the image receptor are those that are transmitted in the body.

false - ANSWER>>>>As the field size of the x-ray beam increases scatter radiation decreases.

false - ANSWER>>>>15% of 80 is 8

true - ANSWER>>>>15% of 100 is 15

true - ANSWER>>>>one half of 15% of 60 is 4.

false - ANSWER>>>>Starting at 60 KVP what new KVP would result in an optical density that is one half that of the original? The anwser is 48 true or false

True - ANSWER>>>>When Radiographic technique is changed from 12.5 mas, 100cm SID, to 150 cm SID what should be the new mas? The ANSWER>> is 28 mas true or false