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TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT, Exams of Agricultural policy

TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+

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2024/2025

Available from 12/19/2024

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Download TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT and more Exams Agricultural policy in PDF only on Docsity!

TEXAS IRRIGATION LICENSE EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL

EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT

VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+

A properly designed irrigation system can: a. save water, time, and money b. save installation time c. cost more d. last longer a. save water, time, and money Basic irrigation dates back: a. hundreds of years b. since Rain Bird was founded c. thousands of years d. seventy-five years c. thousands of years The impact sprinkler head was introduced by Rain Bird in: a. 1933 b. 1985 c. 1890 d. 1910 a. 1933 Landscape irrigation, as we know it, has been around since: a. the 1930's b. since the development of PVC pipe c. the beginning of time d. the turn of the 20th century d. the turn of the 20th century

The issue of top priority in irrigation today is: a. how to sell more systems in our present economy b. new technology in back flow protection c. water conservation d. city and state regulations on licensing c. water conservation The shortage of water is a result of: a. water being a fixed resource b. a decrease in the population c. a decrease in water usage per person d. larger sprinkler heads a. water being a fixed resource Possible solutions to the scarcity of water include: a. allowing only rock and desert landscapes b. watering only once a week c. promoting Xeriscaping d. limiting irrigation systems to commercial properties only c. promoting Xeriscaping Which is not a possible solution for the scarcity of water?: a. Xeriscaping b. efficient landscape irrigation c. construction of more dams d. use of recycled water c. construction of more dams One of the seven basic landscaping principles of Xeriscaping is: a. larger turf areas b. only rock landscapes c. soil removal d. mulching

d. mulching Efficient irrigation is geared more directly toward: a. manufactures, irrigation contractors, homeowners, and proper education b. federal government c. city government d. state government a. manufactures, irrigation contractors, homeowners, and proper education Manufactures can impact water conservation by producing: a. products at a lower cost b. better low-volume irrigation products c. sizing components properly d. more efficient irrigation scheduling b. better low-volume irrigation products Which of the following is not a basic principle of Xeriscaping: a. mulching b. efficient irrigation c. sizing components d. proper maintenance c. sizing components Pressure compensating devices help save water because they: a. keep the water pressure high enough for good coverage b. compensate for the lack of a good decision c. help eliminate misting or fogging at the sprinkler heads d. allow for fewer heads, thus less water used c. help eliminate misting or fogging at the sprinkler heads For irrigation contractors, water conservation starts with: a. the proper back flow device b. a great design

c. a good maintenance contract d. the city irrigation regulations b. a great design The proper watering time is early morning because: a. homeowners will not get water when leaving the house b. the city inspectors will not see your system run longer than allowed c. sprinkler patters are generally less distorted from the wind d. most homeowners don't want to see the water running c. sprinkler patterns are generally less distorted from the wind The art and management of applying water to the landscape to encourage the growth of plant material and support water conservation is: a. landscape irrigation b. an irrigation system c. an irrigation design d. good for business and the environment a. landscape irrigation the rate (or speed) at which soil will accept water. The speed at which water can penetrate or infiltrate the soil. Also called percolation or infiltration rate. As the soil "capacity" is reached, the absorption rate will decrease. It is affected by soil type, slope, run-off, etc. Different soil types absorb water at a different rate. absorption rate the depth of soil in which a plant extracts most of the water it needs for evapotranspiration active root zone The operating pressure measured at the base of a sprinkler head. Actual head pressure is calculated by deducting total pressure losses from the static water pressure. ---- has to be equal to, or greater than, the minimum head pressure, for a given sprinkler head to function correctly Actual head pressure

An approved ---- is the unobstructed vertical distance through free atmosphere between the lowest pint of water supply outlet and the flood level rim of the fixture or assembly into which the outlet discharges. There vertical, physical separations must be at least twice the diameter of the water supply outlet, but never less than 1 in. Air Gap Small device used on some subsurface drop irrigation that allows air into the dripperline when the system is not running which eliminates any vacuum that could result in debris or contaminants being sucked into the piping system Air/Vacuum Relief Valve The amount of water, in irrigation management, that is allowed to be depleted from the plant available water before an irrigation event is scheduled. Also referred to as Managed Allowable Depletion (MAD). Generally, 50% depletion is the rule of thumb Allowable Depletion (AD) An electric current that reverses it direction periodically Alternating Current (AC) Any device that introduces air into the system to prevent "back siphonage." Anti-Siphon Device Rate at which water is applied by sprinkler heads in a certain pattern. Usually measured in inches per hour, gallons per hour or gallons per day. Commonly called "precipitation rate". Application rate What are the three methods in which to evaluate application rates?

  1. a densogram
  2. Precipitation rate formula 96.3 x total GPM / total area
  3. a water audit An underground layer or porous rock, sand, etc. containing water, into which wells can be sunk

Aquifer The surface area of the landscape to which a sprinkler head will provide water. Usually described in degrees or part of a full circle head. The degrees of coverage of a sprinkler from one side of a pattern to the other. Arc Scale expressing foot measurements in parts of an inch Architect Scale A corrected or redrawn plan showing the "actual scaled" location of all major components of the system and other information the property owner might require. An ---- is an individual tool form irrigators to locate major components at a later date As-Built Plan A back flow prevention device that allows air into the piping system, with the use of a float that moves up and down, to prevent backsiphonage. No back pressure can exist for proper operation. It cannot be under constant pressure for more than 12 hours in any 24- hour period. This device must be installed vertically and a minimum of 6' higher than all down stream piping and the highest downstream head or outlet. There cannot be any shut off valves downstream of the ---. A separate --- must be installed on the discharge side of each control valve, between the valve and all emission devices. Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) An electrical or hydraulic control valve in a sprinkler system which is activated by an automatic controller. Also called a section valve, circuit valve, zone valve, remote control valve, electrical valve, or hydraulic valve Automatic Control Valve An irrigation system which will automatically cycle (water) according to a preset program Automatic System Water (measured in inch of water per inch of soil) that is actually accessible for the plant to use Available Water

What does AWWA stand for? American Water Works Association An unwanted reversal of the flow of water in a piping system which can potentially allow non-potable water to pollute or contaminate the potable water supply. Caused by back pressure or backsiphonage Backflow Any condition that could create pressure in the discharge (outlet or downstream) side of the piping system that is greater than that of the supply (inlet or upstream) side of the system. Examples of this occurrence would be pressure caused by gravity (due to elevation), a pump installed on the system or steam and/or air pressure Backpressure A form of back flow due to negative or sub-atmospheric pressure within the water system. A break in the city main line or a fire department utilizing excessive water to fight a nearby fire could both induce a ---- Backsiphonage Any approved device which prevents an undesirable reversal of flow of water by the introduction of air, use of check valves, or a combination of both principles. Backflow Prevention Methods What are some examples of back flow prevention methods?

  1. an air gap
  2. an atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB)
  3. a pressure vacuum breaker (PVB)
  4. spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker (SRPVB)
  5. a double check valve assembly (DCVA)
  6. a reduced pressure principle assembly (RPPA) Type of rotary sprinkler in which rotation is achieved by a steel ball which is set into a circular motion by water passing through the head Ball Driven Head

A section of sprinklers controlled by one zone valve Block (of heads) The exterior case or shell of the sprinkler Body (of heads) A pump which is installed in the water supply line and is designed to raise the pressure in the irrigation system Booster Pump A type of sprinkler head designed to irrigate level and defined shrub beds. It is mounted on a riser and puts out a very small umbrella-shaped adjustable flow of water Bubblers The pipe fitting used to change an irrigation component to a larger or smaller size Bushing The main effect distributing water horizontally through the soil Capillary Action Containers that are used to collect measurable water in order to conduct a water audit Catchment Devices Rating of the smoothness of the inside of pipe. The higher the ----, the smoother the inside diameter of the pipe. PVC has a ---- of 150, whereas copper is 140. Generally, the ---- decreases over time indicating the pipe gets rougher, resulting in increased friction loss C-Factor A valve which permits water to flow in one direction only Check Valve These devices are usually located within the sprinkler head for the purpose of preventing water in the piping to drain out of the sprinkler heads when the system is shut off. Therefore, this type of anti-drain check valve becomes an individual tool for managing water when dealing with sloped landscapes

Check valve for "low head drainage" A method by which PVC pipe is grouped according to the working pressure. Pressure rated with a wall thickness in direct ratio to the diameter. All sizes in that class have the same working pressure Class Pipe A line of equal elevation drawn on a plan. For example, a --- labeled "250" means that everywhere along that line is 250 feet above mean sea level. ---- are usually accurate to +/- one-half of the contour interval; ie. when a contour interval of one-foot is indicated on a plan, a particular ---- will be accurate to +/- 6 inches Contour line The wires (from the automatic controller) which transit signals to the automatic electrical valves to open and close Control Wires An automatic timing device, which signals the automatic valves to open or close according to the prescribed program. Because of current technological advances, --- have expanded from very simple mechanical devices to very sophisticated central control units that operate numerous satellite units in the field. Wireless automatic systems are emerging and PC irrigation --- interface hardware and software solutions are becoming the standard for city parks, golf, and commercial sites. Controller A bronze tube with a handle which inserts into a quick coupler valve (and turned one quarter revolution) for supplemental water. May be fitted with a sprinkler head, hose swivel or faucet Coupler Key The pattern of water that a certain sprinkler covers. Various sprinklers or sprinkler nozzles have varying patterns of coverage: quarter, half, full, etc. Most manufactures even have adjustable arc nozzles that suffice for many odd-shaped areas Coverage Any actual or potential connection between a potable water supply and any source of contamination or pollution

Cross Connection Refers to one complete operation of the controller through a watering program Cycle Coefficient used to adjust the potential (or reference) evapotranspiration to reflect the usage of water in relation to the density of the planting Density Factor Graphic representation of precipitation. Higher rates are indicated by darker colors. There are given to check the amount of precipitation and uniformity in a given irrigation area Densogram The sum total of the desired (or minimum) head pressure added to the total of all pressure losses. A stated pressure indicating the minimum pressure required for the system to operate properly. The --- has to be equal to or less than the static pressure for the system to work. ---- = minimum head pressure + total pressure losses Design Pressure The manufactures minimum recommended operating pressure for a specific head. It is usually stated as the minimum head pressure Desired Head Pressure Size or dimension of piping ID - iside diameter OD - outside diameter Diameter That portion (flexible membrane) of an automatic valve which regulates the passage of water through the valve

Diaphragm A meter (with a digital display) that measures voltage, ohms and amps. Used in irrigation electrical troubleshooting Digital Multimeter (DMM) Any wire approved for direct underground burial without conduit. UL (underwriters laboratories) approved requires a minimum insulator thickness of 4/64th" Direct Burial Wire An electric current flowing in one direction Direct Current (DC) A curve showing the rate of water application by a sprinkler at various points along the radius in inches per hour Distribution Curve (of a sprinkler head) The uniformity of the distribution of water over a given irrigated area. The measure of how uniformly water is made available to the landscape materials over an area. --- is expressed as a percentage and generally represents the major component of irrigation efficiency. It is calculated using a catch meter test. Divide the average reading of the driest 25% (lowest one-quarter) of catch cans by the average reading of all the catchments, and then multiply by 100. Closer to 100% is better. A --- of 100% would indicate the area (in question) would be receiving the same amount of water. 75%-80% is an excellent ---. 65%-75% is considered a good --- reading. Generally, rotary heads have a higher uniformity than spray heads. Distribution Uniformity (DU) Backflow prevention assembly, using two shut-off valves and two check valves assembled and pre- tested at the factory, designed to physically block or prevent the back flow of water. For non-health hazard conditions and the protection of a pollutant only. It will protect against back pressure and backsiphonage Double Check Valve Assembly (D.C.V.A)

An automatic or manual valve used to drain water from a line after the system is through running to protect irrigation components against freeze damage Drain Valve The slow application (low volume) of water to the specific root zone area of the plant material using very low pressure. Usually expressed in GPH (gallons per hour) Drip Irrigation The shock which occurs when a valve is opened and the water travels unrestricted in empty piping. Air in the piping is quickly voided through heads at higher velocities than normal. Unlike water, air is compressible, and can damage irrigation components such as the heads and piping. it is suggested that (after the initial installation) irrigators turn the system on slowly, allowing the piping to gradually fill with water, in order to void most of the air and minimize component damage Dry Line Shock (Dry Pipe Shock) The feature on many newer automatic controllers that allows two or more different watering schedules or programs. Also called "Multiple Programming" Dual Programming Water that is in motion through the system Dynamic Water The pressure of water when it is in motion Dynamic Pressure The chemical reaction when two dissimilar metals (such as metal piping) are connected. This reaction results in the deterioration of the piping. Electrolysis Pressure is gained as water travels downhill from its source. This gain in pressure is due to the increased height of the water source over the point of measurement. It is calculated at a rate of. pounds per square inch (PSI) for each foot of elevation change.

Pressure is lost as water travels uphill from its source. This loss in pressure is due to the decreased height of the water source over the point of measurement. It is calculated at a rate of .433 pounds per square inch (PSI) for each foot of elevation change. Elevation (effect on water pressure) A small mechanical device (used in drip irrigation) to limit water flow to a drip or slow trickle. Discharge rate is usually expressed in gallons per hour rather than gallons per minute Emitters Scale expressing foot measurements as a given number of feet per inch Engineer's Scale The natural process of changing water into vapor Evaporation The combination of water that has evaporated from he soil and transpired from the plant material. This is the measurement of total amount of water needed for plants to grow Evapotranspiration This is the amount of water the soil can retain after the soil has been saturated and allowed sufficient drainage (usually several days after a rainfall) Field Capacity What does FIP stand for? Female iron Pipe The movement of water in a piping system. This movement of the water causes friction loss Flow A valve that can be adjusted mechanically to restrict water flow. This can be referring to a main shut- off valve (such as a gate or ball valve) or an automatic valve (electrical or hydraulic) which may have a manual flow control Flow Control Valve

Physical restrictions in the irrigation system components that affect the flow of water causing a pressure loss Flow Restrictions The higher initial momentary flow through a drip or trickle system required to flush emitters before pressure compensation occurs. In drip irrigation systems, flush valves are a desirable, if not necessary, component to keep lines free of debris. Flush Flow A necessary component in drip irrigation systems to keep lines free of debris. Typically buried in a box with subsurface drip application, a --- allows the velocity of water inside the drip line to increase momentarily when the system is first turned on. This allows debris to move out of the system through the --- Flush Valve A measure of pressure equivalent to .433 pounds per square inch (psi) and equal to the weights of one vertical foot of water on a one-square-inch surface. Foot-Head "Feet of Head" What does FPS stand for? Feet per second Pressure loss due to friction as water flows through all components of a system. The rougher the inside surface of the pipe or component, the more -- is encountered. Friction Loss Manual valve capable of permitting straight-through, full-opening flow. These valves are typically used after the POC (point of connection) and before the back flow device as a manual master shut-off. Uses a wedge-type metal-to-metal gate or disk for restricting partial flow. This valve is not recommended for frequent use in throttling flow in an irrigation system due to excessive wear on the metal-to-metal parts. To do so may cause leakage. A ball valve is another type of valve that is preferred and serves the same purpose Gate Valve

Standards used for wire sizing. The larger the --- number, the smaller the wire diameters. Sizing wire is similar to sizing piping. The farther the distance, the more friction loss in water flow and more resistance in wiring is encountered; hence, piping and wiring have to be sized larger to account for these occurrences. Gauge (wire) Type of rotary sprinkler that has a slower, constant rotation that is achieved by water passing through a series of gears within the head Gear Driven Heads A valve which uses a rubber or composition plug against the valve body seat to restrict or stop the flow of water. Can be either straight-through or angle configuration Globe valve What does GPH stand for? Gallons per hour Used when working with low-volume irrigation systems such as with drip irrigation GPH What does GPM stand for? Gallons per minute A standard measurement of water flow GPM Domestic wastewater, such as bath, sink, and washing machine expulsion. It does include toilet water containing human waste Gray water A measure of the degree of risk or harm to the public's health; for example, the term is used to categorize and irrigation system as a "non-health" or a "health hazard". A pollutant is a substance that may affect the color or odor of the water, but not create a health hazard. This would be considered a low, or non-health hazard.

Hazard (Degree of) The spacing between sprinkler heads Head spacing Spacing of heads that is equal to the published radius of the head. This is also referred to as 50% spacing because it is 50% of the diameter of the head Head-to-Head Spacing A system which uses water pressure through tubing to operate remote control valves Hydraulically Controlled The study of fluid while in motion or at rest. The mechanical properties of water in motion, or at rest, and the calculation of pressure losses and irrigation system requirements Hydraulics An irrigation area encompassing plant material with similar watering requirements due to environmental and/or geographic influences including, but not limited to, soil type, slope, site orientation, and solar radiation Hydrozone Water that is held tightly by the soil and inaccessible to the plants Hygroscopic water A type of rotary sprinkler head that utilizes a driver arm (mounted on the side) to create rotation Impact Head The speed at which the water can infiltrate the soil. Also referred to as "absorption rate or percolation rate" Infiltration Rate The component that regulates (on command from the controller) the on/off mode of the water from the main line to the sprinkler heads. Also referred to as a remote control valve In-Line Valve

A fitting which fits inside the pipe or tubing. Usually used on polyethylene pipe and tubing Insert fitting What does IPS stand for? Iron Pipe Size A plan showing graphic or dimensional location of the components of an irrigation system; ie., sprinkler heads, piping, valves, back flow prevention device, etc. Irrigation design The permanent assembly of irrigation components, such as heads, valves, pipe, etc., to apply managed water to a given landscaped area and/or for the purpose of dust reduction or erosion control Irrigation System An ---, generally a gate or ball valve, serves as a main shut-off device for the complete irrigation system as needed for servicing or repair. It must be located between the meter and the back flow device Isolation Valve The art and management of applying water to the landscape in a manner to encourage the growth of plant material and supper water conservation Landscape Irrigation Coefficient used in adjusting the reference evapotranspiration by species, density, and microclimate factors Landscape Coefficient Piping between the remote control valve, not subject to constant main line pressure, and the sprinkler heads Lateral piping A main line designed to provide water to any valve form two or more directions. Using a looped main line greatly improves the hydraulics Loop Main Line

That portion of the irrigation piping normally under constant pressure,, located between the water source and remote control valves or quick coupler valves. The --- is considered the piping from the back flow prevention device to the remote control valves. It is generally the largest pipe on the irrigation system Main Line A group of two or more control valves together in one location and/or valve box Manifold A system where control valves are operated manually Manuel System An automatic valve installed at the supply point which controls water flow into the system main line piping Master Valve --- means that all sprinkler heads within a watering zone will produce similar precipitation rates, regardless of the pattern they cover Matched Precipitation (MPR) Relates to the surrounding geographical and environmental influences that affect an individual site and alter the water scheduling. This can include (but not limited to): asphalt, pavement, shade, slopes, and/or wind breaks Microclimate Coefficient used to adjust the potential (or reference) evapotranspiration in relation to the microclimate (such as hot, cool, shady, or windy characteristics) of a specific site Microclimate Factor What does MIP stand for? Male Iron Pipe What does MIPT stand for?

Male Iron Pipe Thread Water not suitable for human consumption Non-potable water An irrigation controller feature that holds the program in memory during a power outage without the use of a battery Non-Volatile memory An automatic valve through which no water will flow unless external influences are applied to cause the valve to open. Electrical valves are 'normally closed' types Normally Closed Valve An automatic valve through which water will flow unless external influences are applied to close the valve. Hydraulic valves are "normally open" types Normally Open Valve Refers to the interchangeable nozzle assortment, with different G.P.M and radii, provided with many rotary heads Nozzle Tree A small tube which can be connected to a pressure gauge to measure the water pressure at the nozzle of a rotary irrigation head Pitot Tube Available water (AW) x Root zone (RZ) Plant Available Water (PAW) Some as evapotranspiration after being adjusted for various factors such as plant species, density, microclimate, or any specific crop or turf coefficients Plant Watering Requirement (PWR) What does P.O.C. stand for? Point of Connection

This is the location where a connection is made (most commonly) on the service line, followed by the installation of a back flow device. This is where the irrigation system is connected to any water source. This is the starting point of the irrigation system P.O.C Flexible plastic pipe which uses inset fittings Polythylene Pipe (P.E.) Water suitable for human consumption. It can be used for irrigation systems as long as an approved back flow prevention device is used to protect the potable water supply Potable Water Evapotranspiration rate of adequalty watered cool season turf approximately 4-7 inches in height Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) What does PR stand for? Precipitation Rate The amount of energy available to move water through the irrigation components. Usually expressed in PSI Pressure A method of maintaining a constant discharge pressure regardless of inlet pressure. --- heads, for example, greatly improve the uniformity of the system. As a rule of thumb, there should not be more than 10% difference in pressure from the first head on a zone to the last head. With --- heads, all heads will operate with the same pressure Pressure Compensating The loss of pressure caused by friction or an elevation increase in the piping Pressure loss A method of controlling the wall thickness of pipe so all sizes of pipe in a particular "class" have the same ---

Pressure rating A mechanical device that lowers the water pressure on the downstream side of the unit. These devices can be adjustable or have a preset fixed pressure Pressure Regulator A valve which will open when the inlet pressure exceeds a pre-set pressure Pressure Relief Valve A general rule of thumb used in system design equal to the static pressure less 10% allowance for fluctuation. --- should not exceed static pressure less a 10% factor. Pressure to Design to A back flow prevention assembly that incorporates a spring-loaded check valve and introduces air into the system to prevent "back siphonage". It incorporates the use of a spring-loaded seat for positive opening to atmosphere. This device must be installed at least 12" above all downstream piping and the highest downstream outlet. It can operate under constant pressure, but cannot prevent back pressure. This device can be used for both pollutants and contaminates and can be used for health hazard applications only where there is no threat of back pressure Pressure Vacuum Breaker Watering information that a user enters into the irrigation controller. The program determines when and how long the system will water Program What does P.S.I stand for? Pounds-per-square inch A unit of measurement for water pressure P.S.I. A motorized device which uses mechanical energy to create, or boost, pressure and water supple for an irrigation system Pump

The optional "switch" on some automatic controllers which energizes a pump (starter) when controlled operations begins Pump Circuit What does P.V.C Pipe stand for? Poly Vinyl Chloride Pipe Most common pipe used in irrigation systems P.V.C. Pipe A constantly pressurized valve set vertically in the ground to provide supplemental water (usually to a remote area) when a coupler key is inserted. It may a vinyl or plated cover Quick Coupler Valve The distance from the center of a circle to the outside curve. The --- is half the distance of the diameter of the circle. In irrigation, head-to-head spacing (50%), is 50% of the diameter, or equal to the --- Radius Domestic or municipal wastewater which has been treated to a quality suitable for beneficial use, such as landscape irrigation Reclaimed Water A drawing of an installed irrigation system showing the location of major components wither scaled on the drawing or shown by dimensions not to scale. To find major components in the future, an accurate --- is necessary, whether it is a formal drawing or just a sketch. The zone valves are the most important components to locate accurately on a ---. These can be located by accurate coordinates from a permanent object, using a GPS unit, taking a picture of the zone valve in reference to some permanent object, or referencing the location by triangulating the location from its distance from two separate permanent objects or references points. Record Drawing

This back flow prevention device consists of two independently acting check valves, together with an automatic operating presser differential relief valve located between the two check valves. The first check valve reduces the supply pressure at a predetermined amount so that during normal flow, and at cessation of normal flow the pressure between the two check valves shall be lower than the supply pressure Reduced Pressure Principle Assembly (RPPA) The component that regulates (on command from the controller) the on/off mode of the water from the main line to the sprinkler heads Remote Control Valve In electrical systems, --- (measured in ohms) to the flow of current produces a drop in voltage along a length of wiring. Similar to friction loss in an irrigation system Resistance The depth from which roots obtain or extract most of their water. Root Zone Sprinkler heads that use the energy of the water to rotate the sprinkler, distributing water (in single or multiple streams) over a large turf or shrub area. --- are generally used for larger landscaped areas. The most common types of --- are the impact (or impulse), gear and ball driven heads Rotary Heads During a rain or irrigation event, the water that is not absorbed by the soil or landscape. If water is applied at a rate faster than the infiltration rate of the soil, a --- will result Run-Off A type of fitting which attaches around the pipe. A hole is drilled through the pipe to furnish water to the outlet of the --- which is usually threaded F.I.P Saddle The process of calculating and managing the time and amount of water to apply to a landscape Scheduling

The measure of uniformity of water distribution in a specific landscape irrigated area in relation to the precipitation rate of the area as a whole. Using a catchment test, the lowest precipitation rate, establishing the --- for the system. The closer this number is to 1, the more uniform the system is. The - -- is an indicator of the additional irrigation run time that is needed to compensate for the dry areas. Scheduling Coefficient (SC) A classification system for pipe designating standard wall thickness for all sizes in which the pipe is made. Most common are schedules 40 and 80. Schedule 40 has a greater pressure rating that Class PVC pipe in sizes up to 1 1/2". Schedule 40 has the same physical dimensions as that of steel pipe Schedule Pipe What does S.D.R stand for? Standard Dimension Ratio Relates to wall thickness of Class PVC pipe. --- 26 equals Class 160; --- 21 equals Class 200; --- 13.5 equals 315. No wall thickness can be less than .060 inches S.D.R. The group of sprinklers that are controlled by the same valve. Also referred to as "station, zone, or circuit". Section Refers generally to four types of irrigation -- units that automatically assist in the management of irrigation scheduling and water conservation Sensors Instrument that measures outside temperature and shuts the system off at a preset temperature. This device also eliminates the liability issues in cold weather where water can freeze on walks and streets, creating potentially dangerous conditions Freeze sensor Instrument that measures rainfall and shuts the system off at a pre-set amount of rain Rain Sensor

Instrument that measures wind speed and shuts the system off at a pre-set wind speed Wind Sensor Instrument that monitors the moisture content in the soil to assist in water scheduling Soil Moisture Sensor Generally refers to the piping from the city main to the water meter. The line that supplies water from the water meter to the house is also referred to as the ---. For landscape irrigation, the --- is defined as the piping from the city main all the way to the back flow device Service Line The irrigation component that allows for manual shut-off of water to the entire irrigation system. This is usually a gate or ball valve Shut-Off Valve Piping or conduit under hardscape (driveways, walks, etc.) for the purpose of running pipe or wiring. Generally sized two sizes larger than the irrigation piping Sleeves A smooth wall male or female fitting which is solvent welded to PVC pipe or fitting rather than threaded Slip Fitting A measure of the rate of change of elevation over a prescribed distance. --- may be expressed as a ratio, a grade, or as a percent. Slope There are three basic types of ---: sand, silt, and clay. Most soils are a combination of two or more of these types Soil (types of) An electromagnet which is located on the valve, connected directly to the controller, and initiates the opening and closing of the valve