Landscape Irrigation Exam Solutions for 2024-2025, Exams of Advanced Education

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Pressure compensating devices help save water because they? Help eliminate misting or fogging at the sprinkler heads Landscape Irrigation The art and management of applying water to landscape in a manner to encourage growth of plant material and support water conservation Irrigation sensors (Measure rain, wind, soil moisture, and freeze) that save water and eliminate liability issues concerning ice related accidents during freeing weather Pressure Regulation Device Devices which eliminate misting or fogging at the sprinkler heads, thus achieving better uniformity and saving water Hydrozoning The practice of zoning an irrigation system based on similar plant material with similar watering reguirements due to environmental and or geographic influences including, but not limited to, soil type, slope, site orientation, and solar radiation Licensed landscape irrigators Responsibility to educate, promote, support and practice water conservation in the landscape irrigation industry in order to preserve one of out most precious resources on earth Absorption Rate

The speed at which water can penetrate or infiltrate the soil Actual Head Pressure The operating pressure measured at the base of a sprinkler head. Actual head pressure formula (Static pressure) - (Total pressure lost) = Actual head pressure air gap an approved Air gap is the unobstructed vertical distance through free atmosphere between the lowest point of a water supply outlet and the flood level rim of the fixture or assembly into which the outlet discharges. Physical seperation must be at least twice the diameter of the water supply outlet but never less than 1" Most common air gap? Kitchen sink Application Rate (Precipitation rate) Rate at which water is applied by sprinkler heads in a certain pattern. For irrigation contractors, water conservation starts with? A great design Three methods to evaluate application rate Densogram, Precipitation rate formulas, Water audit The proper watering time is early morning because? Sprinkler patterns are generally less distorted from the wind

arc Degrees of coverage of a sprinkler from one side of a pattern to the other The art and management of applying water to the landscape to encourage the growth of plant material and support water conservation is? Landscape Irrigation Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) Backflow prevention device that allows air into the piping system, with the use of a float that moves up and down, to prevent backsiphonage. Cannot be under constant pressure for more than 12 hours in one 24 hour window. A minimum of 6" higher than all down stream piping. A separate AVB must be installed on the discharge side of each control valve, between the valve and all emission devices. Automatic control valve An electrical or hydraulic remote control valve in a sprinkler system which is activated by an automatic controller Backflow An unwanted reversal of the flow of water in a piping system which can potentially allow non-potable water to pollute or contaminate the potable water supply. Backpressure Any condition that could create pressure in the discharge side of the piping system that is greater than that of the supply side of the system. Backsiphonage

A form of backflow due to negative or sub-atmospheric pressure within water system. Backflow prevention methods Any approved device which prevents an undesirable reversal of flow of water by the introduction of air, check valves, or a combination of both. Backflow prevention devices Air Gap Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) Double Check Valve Assembly (DCA) Reduced Pressure Prevention Device (RP) Ball Driven Heads Rotary sprinkler in which roatation is achieved by a steel ball which is set into a circular motion by water passing through the head Bubblers Similar to drip emitters except that they have a much higher flow rate Flood a small area and the water continues to infiltrate into the soil after the bubbler has been shutoff. Applicable in areas where small basins can be constructed to contain the water and where the soil is surface is level. Bushing

The pipe fitting used to change an irrigation component to a larger or smaller size C-factor Rating the smoothness inside of the pipe - higher the factor translates to more smoothness Check Valve A valve that allows flow in one direction only Class Pipe Four classes used for piping and fittings receiving used water from buildings. (Class 125-160-200-315) Class 200 being the most common Control Wires The wire that transmits the signals from automatic controller to automatic electric valves to open and close the valves. cross-connection Any actual or potential connection between a potable water supply and any source of contamination or pollution Design Pressure

Sum total of the desired head pressure added to the total of all pressure losses. Design Pressure=Minimum head pressure + Total of all pressure losses Desired Head Pressure The manufactures minimum recommended operating pressure for a specific head. Densogram Graphic representation of precipitation ID/OD Inside diameter/Outside diameter Direct burial wire Any wire approved for direct underground burial without conduit. Distribution Uniformity measure the uniformity of irrigation water over an area (Generally rotary heads have better uniformity than spray heads) Double Check Valve Assembly

Backflow prevention assembly, using two shut off valves and two check valves assembled and pre-tested at the factory, designed to physically block or prevent the backflow of water drip irrigation a method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant. 48" or less Dry Line Shock (Dry Pipe Shock) Travel of unrestricted water flow in empty piping Dynamic pressure The force exerted by a fluid in motion Dynamic water Water that is in motion through a system Elevation gain Pressure gained as water is used downhill from its source Elevation lost Pressure lost as water is used uphill from its source

Emitters Small mechanical device used in drip irrigation to limit water flow to a drip or slow trickle Evaporation The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas Evapotranspiration (ET) loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants FIP Female Iron Pipe Flow-Control Valve A device that controls the rate of flow of a fluid. Foot of head A measure of pressure equivalent to .433 pounds per square inch and equal to the weight of one vertical foot of water on a one-square inch surface. FPS Feet per second

Friction loss The reduction in pressure resulting from the water being in contact with the side of the hose. This contact requires force to overcome the drag that the wall of the hose creates. Gate Valve Control valve with a solid plate operated by a handle and screw mechanism. Rotating the handle moves the plate into or out of the waterway. Gauge (wire) Standards used for wire sizing. the larger the gauge number, the smaller the wire. Gear Driven Heads Type of rotary sprinkler head that has a slower, constant rotation that is achieved by water passing through a series of gears within a head. Globe Valve A valve which uses a rubber or composition plug against the valve body seat to restrict or stop the flow of water. GPH Gallons per hour

GPM

Gallons per minute Gray water Domestic wastewater composed of wash water from household sinks, tubs, and washers. Head to Head Spacing Spacing of heads that is equal to the published radius. Hydraulics The study of fluid while in motion or at rest Hydrozone A portion of the landscaped area having plants with similar water needs that are served by a valve or set of valves with the same schedule Example: Naturalized area planted with native vegetation that will not need supplemental irrigation once established is a non-irrigated hydrozone. Impact Head Type of rotary sprinkler head that utilizes a driver arm to create rotation.

Infiltration rate The quantity of water that enters the soil surface in a specified time interval. Often expressed in volume of water per unit of soil surface area per unit of time. Insert Fitting A fitting which fits inside the pipe or tubing. Usually used on polyethylene pipe and tubing. IPS Iron pipe size Irrigation Design A plan showing graphic or dimensional location of the components of an irrigation system Isolation valve A gate or ball valve, serves as a main shut-off device for the complete irrigation system as needed for servicing or repair. Must be located between the meter and the backflow devices. landscape irrigation Art and management of applying water to the landscape in a manner to encourage the growth of plant material and support water conservation.

Lateral Piping Piping between the remote control valve, not subject to constant main line pressure, and the sprinkler head. Loop Main Line A main line designed to provide water to any valve from two or more directions. Generally improves hydraulics in larger landscapes. Manifold A group of two or more control valves together in one location and/or valve box. Master valve Automatic or manual valve installed at the supply point which controls water flow into the system main line piping. Matched precipitation (MPR) All sprinkler heads within a watering zone will produce similar precipitation rates, regardless of the pattern they cover. MIP Male iron pipe MIPT

Male iron pipe thread Non-potable water Water not safe for drinking, personal, or culinary utilization. Nozzle Tree Interchangeable nozzle assortment, with different GPM and radii, provided with many rotary heads POC Point of connection Polyethylene Pipe (PE) Flexible plastic pipe which uses insert fittings. Potable water water that is safe to drink Precipitation rate Precipitation rate (PR) is a calculation of the flow rate (application rate) over the square footage of the zone. 96.25 = constant that converts gallons per minute (GPM) to inches per hour.

Pressure compensating A method of maintaining a constant discharge pressure regardless of inlet pressure. Pressure Regulator Mechanical device that lowers water pressure on the downstream side of the unit. Pressure Vacuum Breaker A backflow prevention assembly that incorporates a spring-loaded check valve and introduces air into the system to prevent "back siphonage" P.S.I. Pounds per square inch PVC pipe Poly vinyl chloride pipe. Quick Coupler Valve A constantly pressurized valve set vertically in the ground to provide supplemental water when a coupler key is inserted. Radius The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle

Reduced pressure principle device (RP,RPZ, or RPP) Backflow prevention device that consist of two independently acting check valves, together with an automatic operating pressure differential relief valve located between the two check valves. Rotary heads Sprinkler heads that use the energy of the water to rotate the sprinkler. Most common heads are impact, gear and ball driven heads. Run-off water that is not absorbed into the ground, instead flows into streams or other collection areas Saddle A type of fitting which attaches around the pipe Scheduling The process of calculating and managing the time and amount of water to apply to a landscape Schedule Pipe A classification system for pipe designating standard wall thickness for all sizes in which the pipe is made.

S.D.R.

Standard dimension ratio Sensors Refers to four types of irrigation sensor units that assist in water conservation 4 types of irrigaiton sensors Freeze Rain Wind Soil moisture Service line Piping from the city main to the water meter. Sleeves Piping conduit under hardscapes for the purpose of piping or wiring. soil types sand, silt, clay Solenoid

An electromagnetic coil used to control a mechanical device such as a valve. Solvent A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances Solvent welding a solvent is applied to both surfaces to temporarily dissolve the polymer at room temperature Spray heads Sprinkler heads that throw a uniform sheet of water in a fixed or adjustable pattern. Static Pressure The force exerted by an enclosed, non-moving fluid when pressure is applied to the fluid Static water Water that is not moving Swing Joint Flexible joint or pipe connecting a sprinkler head to a pipe.

Thrust block A mass of concrete or similar material appropriately placed around a pipe to prevent movement when the pipe is carrying water. Usually placed at bends and valve structures. Transpiration Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant Valve-in-head indicates that the automatic control valve is part of the sprinkler Velocity of water Speed at which water travels through the piping systems. Measured in FPS. PVC= 5FPS Copper= 9FPS Water Hammer The concussion and banging noise that results when a volume of water moving in a pipe suddenly stops or loses momentum. Water Window Allotted time available for watering through an irrigation system, usually within a 24 hour period.

Zone Group of sprinklers that are controlled by the same valve. Properly designed irrigation system can? Save water, time, and money Basic irrigation dates back? Thousands of years The impact sprinkler head was introduced by Rain Bird in? 1933 Landscape irrigation, as we know it, has been around since? Turn of the 20th century The issue of top priority in irrigation today is? Water conservation The shortage of water is a result of? Water being a fixed resource

Every irrigation plan needs? North arrow, legend, stamp/seal Possible solutions to the scarcity of water include? Building desalination plants Which is not a possible solution for the scarcity of water? Constructing dams One of the seven basic landscaping principles of Xericscaping is? Mulching Efficient irrigation is geared more directly toward? Manufacturers, irrigation contractors, homeowners, and proper education Manufactures can impact water conservation by producing? Better low volume irrigation products Which of the following is not a basic principle of Xericscaping? Sizing components

Which of the following describes the rate at which water is applied by sprinkler heads in a certain pattern? -Precipitation rate -Infiltration rate -Application rate -Absorption rate -Precipitation and Application rate Precipitation and application rate Absorption rate is defined as? Rate at which soil will accept water Static pressure minus all pressure losses will give you? Actual head pressure The degrees of coverage of a sprinkler from one side of a pattern to the other is? The arc A timing device which signals the automatic valves to open or close is called a...? Controller, clock, timer A device used to turn a quick coupler valve on and off is?

Quick coupler key Minimum head pressure plus the total of all pressure losses equals...? Design pressure A graphic representation of precipitation is called...? A desogram The flexible portion of the remote control valve which regulates the passage of water through the valve is called? A diaphragm A device used in electrical troubleshooting is called..? A digital multi meter Which device can be used to help prevent freezing of water in the piping? Drain valve Slow application rates expressed in GPH are usually referring to what type of irrigation? Drip irrigation

What small mechanical device is used to limit water flow to a very low drip or trickle? An emitter A measuring device that has measurements as a given number of feet per inch is? Engineer scale Wastewater, such as from your bath, sink, or washing machines, is called? Greywater In order to run multiple sprinkler heads, with varying arcs, on the same zone, the sprinkler heads must have? Matched precipitation rates A method of maintaining a constant discharge pressure regardless of inlet pressure is called? Pressure compensating A motorized device which creates, or boosts pressure is? A pump Domestic or municipal wastewater which has been treated to a quality suitable for beneficial use, such as landscape irrigation is called? Reclaimed water or recycled water

A drawing of an installed irrigation system showing major components is? Called a record drawing The process of calculating and managing the time and amount of water to apply to the landscape is referred to as? Scheduling A swing joint is used to? To prevent damage to the head Xeriscaping is? Promotes water conservation and utilizes mulching & efficient irrigation Heads that have valves incorporated within them are referred to as? Valve-in-heads The slow application of water directly to the root zone using very low pressure is considered? Drip irrigation Which device is used to keep debris from being sucked into the line ?

Air relief valve A valve that allows water to travel in only one direction is called? Check valve What type of valve would be installed to offer water to a remote location? Quick coupler valve Which of the following is not part of the definition of an irrigation system? Temporary installation An AVB has to be installed...? 6" higher than the highest head Will stop backsiphonage What is the unwanted reversal of water flow in an irrigation system? Backflow A cross connection is any actual or potential connection between a potable water supply and...? Any source that has the possibility to introduce polluted or contaminated water back into the potable water that is supplying it