The Apocrypha: Understanding Biblical Texts and Their Historical Significance, Quizzes of Christianity

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The Apocrypha

The biblical apocrypha (from the Greek word -- meaning hidden) are books published in a separate section of some editions of the Bible despite not necessarily being considered part of the canon. Use: Jews - for a while in worship, determined non-canonical in 100 AD RCC - translated by Jerome, deuterocanonical Protestants - don't accept as authoritative TERM 2

1 Esdras

DEFINITION 2 1 Esdras (Greek ), Greek Ezra, is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical books of Ezra, 2 Chronicles and Nehemiah in use among ancient Jewry, the early church, and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness. Written around the 2nd cent. BC TERM 3

1 Maccabees

DEFINITION 3 The first book of Maccabees is a book written in Hebrew by a Jewish author after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom, about the latter part of the second century BC. TERM 4

2 Maccabees

DEFINITION 4 2 Maccabees is, in the Christian tradition, a deuterocanonical book of the Bible, which focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. The concept of purgatory is introduced in this book. TERM 5

Tobit

DEFINITION 5 3rd cent. BC Theme: God rewards the righteous and punishes the wicked.

Judith

c. 150 BC The Book of Judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian Old Testament of the Bible, but excluded by Jews and Protestants. Judith vs. Holfernes, Nebuchadnezzar's general. Theme: God will defend those who remain faithful TERM 7

Susanna

DEFINITION 7 c. 100 BC Additional Daniel story Theme: God defends the righteous TERM 8

Bel and the Dragon

DEFINITION 8 The tale of Bel and the Dragon incorporated as chapter 14 of the extended Book of Daniel was written in Aramaic around the late second century BC and translated into Greek in the Septuagint. TERM 9

Wisdom of Solomon

DEFINITION 9 c. 100-34 BC Book of Wisdom or Wisdom of Solomon or simply Wisdom is one of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible. - Wisdom is personified as a guide - Harmonizes Greek thought and prophets TERM 10

Biblical Ideas Introduced

DEFINITION 10 Satan being God's adversary The existence of angels and demons The dead are sent to Paradise or Gehenna: there is no mention of Sheol. Eschatology Wisdom/Reason/Logos/Word

Wisdom Literature

Wisdom of Solomon Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) TERM 12

Apocalyptic Literature

DEFINITION 12 Apocalyptic literature is a genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians. 2 Esdras TERM 13

2 Esdras

DEFINITION 13 c. 100 AD 2 Esdras (4 Ezra) or Latin Esdras is the name of an apocalyptic book in many English versions of the Bible. Represents destruction of the Temple in 70 AD TERM 14

Ecclesiasticus (Sirach)

DEFINITION 14 Sirach, by the Jewish scribe Ben Sira of Jerusalem, also known as Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, the Wisdom of Ben Sira, or Ecclesiasticus, is a work from the early second century BCE, originally written in Hebrew. TERM 15

Value of Apocrypha

DEFINITION 15 Encouragement in temptation and persecution, reward for faithfulness for Jewish community. Useful historical information (intertestamental but not really.)

Emerging Christian Doctrine

Purgatory/Prayers for the dead Immortal soul/Eschatology The Law and good works. TERM 17

Eschatology

DEFINITION 17 Eschatology (from the Greek , Eschatos meaning "last" and - logy meaning "the study of", first used in English around 1550.) is a part of theology, philosophy, and futurology concerned with what are believed to be the final events in history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the world.