The Evolution of Eukaryotes and the Diversity of Life, Exams of Biology

Download The Evolution of Eukaryotes and the Diversity of Life and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Bio 200 final exam CORRECT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(2024 LATEST UPDATE)CORRECT all of the following are different between archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, except.. a. the number of introns in each genome b. the appearance of membrane-bound organelles c. the structure of each chromosome d. DNA-RNA-Protein - ANSWER d the traditional three-or five-kingdom phylogenic classifications of life has been modified with a three- Domain system because there are... - ANSWER 3 fundamental mechanisms of cellular organization the first forms of life on earth were thought to be... - ANSWER prokaryotes what do chloroplasts and mitochondria share with prokaryotes? a. similar membrane composition and structure b. division by binary fission c. circular chromosome d. ribosome composition and structure e. all of the above - ANSWER e Why are many eukaryotes that exist in groups that look like multicellular individuals not considered truly multicellular organisms? a. each cell in the collection is likely derived from a different parent b. multicellular organisms show a level of communication, coordination, and cell specialization not seen in colonies of single cells c. the DNA composition in each cell is likely different d. in general each cell in the collection can perform all the functions of all the other cells at any time e. all of the above are possible explanations - ANSWER e What event is thought to have contributed to the evolution of eukaryotes? - ANSWER oxygenation of the atmosphere which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell wall of fungi? - ANSWER chitin which of the following is not found in any species in the animal and fungal kingdoms a. chitin b. sexual reproductions c. presence of tissues d. chloroplasts - ANSWER d. The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having - ANSWER true tissues or no tissues which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships - ANSWER hard parts in the fossil records which of the following phenotypes would most likely be the result of a hox gene mutation? a. abnormal body length or height b. two different eye colors c.two fewer appendages than normal - ANSWER c you observe some pond organisms, which you determine are arthropod larvae, rather than adults, you would expect them to have all of the following except a. antennae b. sex organs c. complex eyes - ANSWER b c. ability to distribute nutrients efficiently d. a dependent sporophyte generation e.an independent gametophyte generation - ANSWER c alternation of generations means that plants produce... - ANSWER both haploid and diploid multicellular individuals which of the following is NOT a trait shared by charophytes and land plants? a. the presence of embryos b. a membrane complex specific for producing extracellular cellulose c. peroxisome enzymes for correcting Rubisco-oxygen mistakes d. chlorophyll a and b e. sporopollenin - ANSWER a Is the nuclear genome in the sporophyte the same as in the gametophyte? - ANSWER half of it is the same Which of the following traits of land plants allows them to grow in height? a. alternation of generations b. waxy cuticle c. tracheids - ANSWER c which of the following characteristic is shared by both gymnosperms and angiosperms? a. chlorophyll a and b b. cellulose in cell walls c. vascular tissue d. a very small and dependent gametophyte e. all of the above are shared - ANSWER e suppose you are studying the circulatory system of an animal. you have observed that it has thick, bony, scales, is an ectotherm, and can dive underwater for hours at a time. which of the following characteristics is it likely to have.. a. a heart o bypass blood flow to the lungs b. an open circulatory system - ANSWER a Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the - ANSWER left atrium the semilunar valves of the mammalian heart... - ANSWER prevent backflow of blood in the aorta and pulmonary arteries during diastole, a. the atria fill with blood b. blood flows passively into the ventricles c. semilunar valves are closed but atrioventricular valves are open d. all of the above - ANSWER d Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is false? a) The sporophyte is the dominant generation. b) Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers. c) Pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel. d) The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains two polar nuclei and one sperm nucleus. e) Flowers produce fruits from the ovaries. - ANSWER b key event during embryogenesis - ANSWER distinct groups of cells form what will become dermal, ground, and vascular tissues fruits... - ANSWER that form after a fertilization event should have seeds in them which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination? a. monoecious b. complete c. dioecious - ANSWER c Which of the following is NOT a plant defense against disease? a. Cells near the point of infection destroy themselves to prevent infection spread. b. Chemicals that kill pathogens are produced. c. Cells of the lymphatic system are used to phagocytose pathogens. d. The waxy cuticle is a defense mechanism. e. R-avr recognition, signals resistance pathways - ANSWER c In cases where plants exhibit generalized defense responses in organs distant from the infection site, this is termed - ANSWER systemic acquired resistance which of the following is a barrier against pathogens provided by skin? a. desiccation b. high ph c. mucus - ANSWER a Which of the following is true of active but not passive immunity? a. Acquisition of antibodies. b. Proliferation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow. c. Transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta to the fetus. d. Requires direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen.e. Requires an active barrier defense such as skin. - ANSWER d which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and in response to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes, produce perforins and granzymes? a. macrophages d. adaptation to seasons e. ability to grow tall - ANSWER b Which of the following is NOT shared by Bryophytes and Charophytes? a. cell wall containing cellulose b. photoautotrophy c. sporopollenin d. multicellular diploid structures e. a phragmoplastd\ - ANSWER d Is a fungus required for the production/growth of any of the following? beer, bread, penicillin, kumquats - ANSWER yes Which process occurs in fungi we just saw(Zygomycetes) and has the opposite effecton a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I? a. cellular respiration b. karyogamy c. binary fission d. crossing-over (without error) e. haustoria - ANSWER b The greatest source of genetic variation in plant and animal populations is from - ANSWER sexual reproduction All adult animals that possess bilateral symmetry are most certainly also... a. the product of metamorphosis b. a quadruped. c. a parazoan. d. triploblastic. e. a deuterostome - ANSWER d Which of the following organisms are deuterostomes? A) molluscs B) annelids C) echinoderms D) chordates E) both C and D - ANSWER e When growing plants in culture, IAA is used to stimulate cell enlargement. Which plant growth regulator has to now be added to stimulate cell division? - ANSWER cytokinin Plant hormones can have different effects at different concentrations. This explains how... - ANSWER auxin can stimulate cell elongation in apical meristems, yet will inhibit the growth of axillary buds. Which of the following statements best summarizes the acid growth hypothesis in an actively growing shoot? a. Auxins and gibberellins together act as a lubricant to help stretch cellulose microfibrils. b. Auxins and gibberellins are transported to the vacuoles to build up turgor pressure. c. Auxin stimulates proton pumps in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. d. Auxins activate aquaporins that increase turgor pressure in the cells. e. Auxin-activated proton pumps lower the pH of the cell wall, which breaks bonds and makes the walls more flexible - ANSWER e The aleurone layer is stimulated to release ________ as a result of gibberellin release from the embryo. - ANSWER amylase Plant hormonal regulation differs from animal hormonal regulation in that - ANSWER there are no dedicated hormone-producing organs in plants as there are in animals. Which of the following best explains both the growth of a vine up the trunk of a tree as well as the directional growth of a houseplant toward a window? a. acclimation b. nastic movement c. tropism response d. morphological response e. taxic movement - ANSWER c What do craniates have that earlier chordates never have? A) brain B) vertebrae C) cartilaginous pipe surrounding notochord D) partial or complete skull E) bone - ANSWER d What should be true of fossils of the earliest tetrapods? A) They should show evidence of internal fertilization. B) They should show evidence of having produced shelled eggs. C) They should indicate limited adaptation to life on land. D) They should be transitional forms with the fossils of chondrichthyans that lived at the same time. E) They should feature the earliest indications of the appearance of jaws. - ANSWER c Which of the following characteristics are found in organisms of all three Domains? a. Membranes containing branched hydrocarbon chains .b. Cells walls made of chitin c. Metabolic pathways allowing synthesis of organic molecules from precursors using energy from sunlight or inorganic compounds d. Photosynthetic pathways that release oxygen as a by-product - ANSWER c Which of the following trait is not shared by Charophytes and modern land plants? a. embryos