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The Evolution of Funeral Directing in Early America, Exams of Anatomy
A detailed overview of the funeral profession in early america, tracing its development from the 19th century to the mid-late 1800s. It covers various roles and responsibilities associated with funeral directing, including the furnishing undertaker, the inviter to funerals, the layer out of the dead, the town undertaker, and the tradesman undertaker. The document also discusses the changing practices and resources used in funeral services, such as the use of carriages and the transition from carrying coffins by hand to using a farm wagon as a hearse. The document offers insights into the historical context and the professionalization of the funeral industry in the united states during this period.
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Funeral Profession - Chapter 6
- Early American Funeral
Undertaking 2024-25. Graded
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Funeral directing as an occupation - ANSWas born in America in the 19th century Furnishing undertaker - ANSProvided funeral undertakers with the necessary supplies and paraphernalia Inviter to funerals - ANSCalled personally on those who were to attend the funeral. Appointed by the Mayor and alderman. Paid according to the age of the deceased. In NYC Layers out of the dead - ANSBecame an occupational specialty practiced by women in many larger us cities by the end of the 18th century. Predecessor to the undertaker Limitations - ANSThe term 'funeral directing' was limited to an occupation that 1) provides a set of tasks for the care and disposal of the dead, and 2) takes the form of a personal service and operates as a business enterprise Monkey spoon - ANSSpoon given to pall bearers. On the end was an apostle that looked like a monkey Municipal
officers - ANSInviter to funerals, town undertakers Prior personal service - ANSNurses would care for the sick and handle the laying out of the dead. Midwives would do the same. Role of the sexton - ANSTolling of the bell, digging the grave, laying out of the body, attending to the family, directing the procession and furnishing the undertaker Role of the undertaker - ANSIn the mid to late 1800's, he was responsible for laying out of the body, coffining, transportation to the grave and furnishing mourning goods Stable keepers and carriages - ANSAs cities grew and the material resources of townsfolk increased, they were met with increasing demand for carriages for funerals. Carrying coffins by hand had lost its appeal in part to the longer distances travelled due to expanding cities. Town undertaker - ANSTown health official, appointed by the mayor. Had multiple responsibilities: registrar of deaths, city messenger, etc Tradesman undertaker - ANSMany tradesmen, such as cabinet makers took on undertaking as a side business. Cabinet makers would make caskets, etc Undertaking
procedure - ANSFrom death, family would call a friend who would go to the cabinet maker to have a coffin made. Coffin was brought to the house and the family prepared and dressed the body and placed it in the coffin. Farm wagon was the hearse. Transported to grave site and buried