The History and Culture of Canada, Exams of Advanced Education

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CITIZENSHIP REVIEW 2024 People of Canada profess the loyalty oath to whom? - Sovereign Monarchy Canada consists of what form of government? - Constitutional monarchy , parliamentary and federal state Age when you dont need to take the citizenship exam? - 55 years above What are Canadian LAW sources? - Laws passed by Parliament Provincial Legislatures English common Law Civil Code of France Constitution inherited from Great Britain Year when Magna Carta was signed? - 1215 in England Magna Carta is also known for what? - Great Charter of Freedoms Great Charter of Freedom includes: - Freedom of conscience and religion Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of speech and of the press Freedom of peaceful assembly Freedom of association What is habeas corpus? - the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state, comes from English common law Year when Constitution of Canada amended? - In 1982 to entrench the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, What are the Charters fundamental freedom rights? - Mobility Rights Aboriginal Peoples' Rights Official Language Rights and Minority Language Educational Rights Multiculturalism Definition of Mobility Rights? - Canadians can live and work anywhere they choose in Canada, enter and leave the country freely, and apply for a passport. Definition of Aboriginal Peoples' Rights - The rights guaranteed in the Charter will not adversely affect any treaty or other rights or freedoms of Aboriginal peoples. Definition of Official Language Rights and Minority Language Educational Rights - — French and English have equal status in Parliament and throughout the government. Definition of Multiculturalism - Characterisitics of Canadian heritage and identity gift of one another's presence and work hard to respect pluralism and live in harmony. Who proclaimed the Amended Constitution in 1982 and where? - Queen Elizabeth II in Ottawa What is gender equality? - Men and women are equal under the law. Canada's openness and generosity do not extend to barbaric cultural practices that tolerate spousal abuse, "honour killings," female genital mutilation, forced marriage or other gender-based violence What are Citizenship Responsibilities? - Obeying the law Taking responsibility for oneself and one's family Serving on a jury Voting in elections Helping others in the community Protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment -freedom of peaceful assembly -freedom of association Habeas Corpus - to challenge unlawful detention by state comes from English common law. Charters fundamental freedoms -Mobility rights-Aboriginal People rights-Official language rights-Multiculturalism - Chinese language - 2nd most spoken at home in Vancouver 13% Toronto 7% Quebec Act - To better govern the French Roman Catholic majority, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act of 1774. It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law. Citizenship responsbilities - Obeying the Law-no person is above the law Taking responsibility for oneself and family Serving in a Jury-when called to do so to make justice system work Voting on elections Protect heritage and environment Great Dominion- - poets and songwriters hailed Canada as Aboriginals- - migrated from Asia They have territorial rights and treaties 3 Parts of Parliament - - Sovereign (Queen or King), the Senate and the House of Commons. Provincial legislatures comprise the Lieutenant Governor and the elected Assembly. Who is Prime Minister - Head of the Government - chooses the ministers of the Crown, most of them from among members of the House of Commons. 3 major political parties - Conservative Party New Democratic Party Liberal Party By Laws - affects only in municipal community What is Soveriegn King or Queen - Head of State Governor-General - appointed by Sovereign for 5 years Lieutenant Governor - appointed by Gov General for 5 years House of Commons - representative chamber, made up of members of Parliament elected by the people, traditionally every four years.Also known as MPs (members of Parliament) New Brunswick - -only official bilingual language What is the population of Quebec-Quebec City - 8 million population, main producer of pulp and paper and hydro electricity Ontario-Toronto - -12 million people -largest city in Canada -five great lakes- lake Ontario,lake erie, lake huron,lake Michigan,lake superior, Prairie Provinces are - Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta Manitoba - Capital is Winnipeg Agriculture and mining hydroelectric power Important centre of Ukraine culture has 45% Francophone community Saskatchewan - - Capital is Regina Training Academy of RCMP Known as breadbasket of the world Wheat province,producer of grains and oilseed Alberta - Oil and Gas Largest producer Has five National Parks major beef producers The Westcoast British Columbia - Capital is Victoria known for majestic mountains Vancouver is busiest port 4 million population gateway to asia pacific.mining,fishing and wine industry The Northern Territories Nunavut - There are gold, lead,copper, diamond and zinc mines - Nunavut-Capital is Iqaluit Meaning our Land established 1999 Population of Inuit is 85% inukitut is official language Northwest territories - Yellowknife Yukon territory Northwest territories-Yellowknife Metis - mixed European and aboriginal 30% population Lives in Prairie provinces Language is French and English Has own dialect called Michif Inuit - -means the people, 4% population Lives in the Arctic Language is Inukitut Indians - - aboriginal people that are not Inuit or Metis 65% population Acadians- - descendants of French colonists ,lives in maritime provinces Two thirds were deported during French and British war to their homeland Pierre de Monts - claiming the Land for King of Francis of France French explorer with Champlain Jacques Cartier - French Mariner first European to explore the St Lawrence River Mary Ann Shadd Cary - became the first woman publisher in Canada and activist help to abolish slavery in USA in 1853. Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe - Led to abolish the transatlantic slave trade emerged in the British Parliament in the late 1700s. In 1793, Upper Canada Count Frontenac (French) - refused to surrender Quebec to the English in 1960 "My only reply will be from the mouths of my cannons!" Samuel de Champlain - Father of New France Founded Quebec in 1608 Built Quebec City Joseph Brant - led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada. Mohawk military and political leader to free slaves Major-General Robert Ross - Led an expedition from Nova Scotia to burn Whitehouse in Washington DC died in the battle and buried in Halifax Sir George-Étienne Cartier - helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia into CanadaRailway lawyer, architect of Confederation Louis Riel - a defender of Métis rights and the father of Manitoba Sir Wilfrid Laurier - - became the first French Canadian prime minister s Hes on 5$ bill John Macdonald - 1st Prime Minister of Canada in 1867 Born in Scotland Was a lawyer in Kingston Ontario hes on 10$ bill John Buchan - 1st Baron Governor General of Canada 1935-40 , He said immigrant should retain individuality and traditions King George V - assigned Canada national color (white and Red) hes in 1$ bill Agnes Macphail - A farmer and teacher, became the first woman MP in 1921 Arthur Currie - a reserve officer, became Canada's greatest soldier Canadian Corps. Colonel John McCrae - - composed the poem "In Flanders Fields" in 1915; it is often recited on Remembrance Day: Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie - invented blackberry Phil Edwards - - a Canadian track and field champion. Born in British Guiana ,served as a captain in the Canadian Army during the Second World War and, as a Montreal doctor, became an expert in tropical diseases. Donovan Bailey - became a world record sprinter and double Olympic gold medallist. Dr. John A. Hopps - invented the first cardiac pacemaker Dr. Wilder Penfield - was a pioneering brain surgeon at McGill Reginald Fessenden - contributed to the invention of radio, Joseph-Armand Bombardier - — invented snowmobile Alexander Graham Bell- - invented telephone Terry Fox - British Columbian who lost his right leg to cancer at the age of 18, began a cross-country run, the "Marathon of Hope," to raise money for cancer research. Chantal Petitclerc - -became a world champion wheelchair racer and Paralympic gold medalist. Dr. Emily Stowe - the first Canadian woman to practise medicine in Canada. 1899-1902 - South African War or Boer WAR over 260 died July 1 ,1867 - celebrated Dominion Day now Canada Day 1867 - The British Parliament passed the British North America Act 1871 - BC joined Canada after Ottawa promised to build railway to the WestCoast 1873 - PM Mcdonald established the Northwest Mounted Police to pacify the west and assist negotiations with the Indians founded Fort Calgary and Fort Mcleod 1880 - Oh Canada was first sung in Quebec City 1914 - Germany attacked Belgium and France and Britain declared War, Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force (later the Canadian Corps 600K Canadians served the War. April 9 1917 - - Celebrated as Vimy Day the first British victory of the First World War 1916 - Manitoba became the first province to grant voting rights to women 1939 - Second World War began Adolf Hitler, the National Socialist (Nazi) dictator of Germany, invaded Poland and conquered much of Europe. Canada joined with its democratic allies in the fight to defeat tyranny by force of arms. 1940 - EI employment Insurance was introduced by Federal gov - Quebec granted women the vote 1947 - Oil discovery in Alberta August 14, 1945 - End of War in the Pacific, invaded the Aleutian Islands, attacked a lighthouse on Vancouver Island, launched fire balloons over B.C 1960 - Frontenac refused to Surrender Quebec 1965 - A new Canadian flag was raised for the first time 1969 - - Parliament passed the Official Languages Act 1970 - -the term First Nation began to use 1980 - O Canada was proclaimed as the national anthem 1982 - amended constitution was proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II in Ottawa 2006 - The House of Commons is recognized Quebecois form a nation within United Canada 2008 - Ottawa apologized to former Aboriginal students that were abused November 11 - Remembrance Day to honour the sacrifices of over a million brave men and women who have served, and the 110,000 who have given their lives Summary of Years - 1215-Magna Carta was signed in England 1550s-name of Canada appeared on Maps 1604- the first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers 1670-King Charles II of England granted the Hudson Bay Company trading rights 1701- French and Iroquois made Peace 1700-France and Britian battle for control of North America 1758-First representative assembly was elected in Halifax and Nova Scotia. 1759-British defeated the French in the Battles of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City -ended France Empire in America James Wolfe (British Major General)Marquis de Montcalm-(French Commander) both died leading their troops in battle . 1763-Teritorial rights of the Aboriginals where guaranteed by King George III 1776- 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed the United States. January 21, 1793-First elected assembly in Quebec City wether to use English or French. 1800-1980s-federal govt placed aboriginal children in schools 1807-British Parliament prohibited buying and selling slaves 1813-Govt house and Parliaments burned by Americans in Toronto 1814-Whitehouse was burned down for Retaliation by Canada 1850s- Maple leaf cap badge from the First World War. Canada's soldiers began using the maple leaf 1864-1867- representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada, with British support, worked together to establish a new country 1899-1902-South African War or Boer WAR over 260 died. July 1 ,1867-celebrated Dominion Day now Canada Day 1867-The British Parliament passed the British North America Act 1871-BC joined Canada after Ottawa promised to build railway to the WestCoast 1873-PM Mcdonald established the Northwest Mounted Police to pacify the west and assist negotiations with the Indians founded Fort Calgary and Fort Mcleod 1880-Oh Canada was fi