The Nervous System and Endocrine System: Integrating Body Functions, Exams of Advanced Education

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Navy Hospital Corpsman HCB Test 8 Exam

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A temporary acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face - Correct Answer-bells palsy rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle - Correct Answer-clonic/clonus rigid extension of all four extremities with hyperpronation of the forearms and plantar flexion of the feet - Correct Answer-decerebrate posturing posturing manifested by the obtunded pt pulling arms and hands medially toward the center of the body in response to noxious stimuli - Correct Answer-decorticate posturing the area of skin supplied by cuntaneous branches of single cranial or spinal nerve - Correct Answer-dermatome an acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord involving the meninges often due to a virus - Correct Answer-encephalitis a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures secondary to any underlying brain abnormality - Correct Answer-epilepsy muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to one side of the body - Correct Answer-hemiparesis total or partial paralysis of one side of the body that results from disease of or injury to the motor centers of the brain - Correct Answer-hemiplegia a post infectious disorder following a nonspecific gastrointestinal or respiratory infection that causes an acute neuromuscular paralysis - Correct Answer-guillian barre syndrome a sensation of prickling tingling or creeping on the skin having no objective cause and usually associated with injury or irritation of a sensory nerve or nerve root - Correct Answer-paresthesia a prolonged seizure or situation when a person suffers two or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consciousness - Correct Answer-status epilepticus main network of coordination and control for the body - Correct Answer-central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae the 12 pairs of the cranial nerves that travel between the brain and the organs without passing through the spinal cord and all of the body's other motor sensory nerves - Correct Answer-peripheral nervous system coordinates and regulates the internal organs of the body such as cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. it has two divisions each tending to balance the impulses of the other - Correct Answer-autonomic nervous system prods the body into action during times of physiologic and psychological stress - Correct Answer-sympathetic division fxs in a complimentary and counterbalancing manner to conserve the body resources and maintain day to day body fxs such as digestion and elimination - Correct Answer- parasympathetic division the brain and spinal cord are protected by - Correct Answer-skull & vertebrae meninges CSF three layers of the meninges surround the brain and spinal cord assisting in the production and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid - Correct Answer-meninges circulates between an interconnecting system of ventricles in the brain and around the brain and spinal cord serving as a shock absorber - Correct Answer-cerebrospinal fluid Three major units of the brain - Correct Answer-cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem houses higher fxs and is responsible for general movement, visceral fxs, perception, behavior and the integration of these fxs - Correct Answer-cerebral cortex interconnect the counterpart areas in each hemisphere, permitting the coordination of activities between the hemispheres - Correct Answer-commissural fibers contains the motor cortex associated with the voluntary skeletal movement and the fine repetitive motor movements as well as the control of the eye movements - Correct Answer-frontal lobe Primarily responsible for processing sensory data as it is received, assist with the interpretation of tactical sensations, as well as visual taste smell and hearing sensations

• Correct Answer-Parietal lobe Contains the primary vision center and provides interpretation of visual data - Correct Answer-Occipital lobe

Responsible for the perception and interpretation of sounds and determination of their source it is also involved in the integration of taste smell a balance - Correct Answer- Temporal lobe Aids the motor cortex of the cerebrum in the integration of voluntary movement - Correct Answer-Cerebellum Pathway between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord and it controls many involuntary functions - Correct Answer-Brainstem Respiratory circulatory and vasomotor Activities has his respiratory center, reflexes of swallowing coughing vomiting sneezing and hiccuping - Correct Answer-Medulla oblongata Reflexes of pupillary action and eye movement regulates respiration houses a portion of the respiratory center - Correct Answer-Pons reflex center for eye and head movements Auditory relay pathway - Correct Answer- midbrain Relays impulses between cerebrum cerebellum pons and medulla, conveys all sensory impulses to and from cerebrum before their distribution to appropriate associative sensory areas - Correct Answer-diencephalon Sexual development and behavior - Correct Answer-Epithalamus Major processing center of internal stimuli for autonomic nervous system, maintains temp control water metabolism body fluid osmolarity feeding behavior and Neuroendocrine activity - Correct Answer-Hypothalamus Hormonal control of growth lactation vasoconstriction and metabolism - Correct Answer- Pituitary gland Sensory: Smell reception and interpretation - Correct Answer-Olfactory (CNI) Sensory visual acuity and visual fields - Correct Answer-Optic (II) Motor: Raise eyelids, most extraocular movements Parasympathetic: Pupillary constriction, change lens shape - Correct Answer- oculomotor (CNIII) Motor: downward, inward eye movement - Correct Answer-Trochlear (IV) Motor: Jaw opening and clenching, chewing and mastication

Sensory: Sensation to cornea, iris, lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, eyelids, forehead, nose, nasal and mouth mucosa, teeth, tongue, ear, facial skin - Correct Answer-Trigeminal (CNV) Motor: lateral eye movement - Correct Answer-Abducens (VI) Motor movement of facial expression muscles except jaw, close eyelids, labial speech sounds - Correct Answer-Facial nerve (VII) Sensory: hearing and equilibrium - Correct Answer-Acoustic nerve (CN VIII) Motor: Voluntary muscles for swallowing and phonation Sensory: Sensation of nasopharynx, gag reflex, taste-posterior one third of tongue Parasympathetic: Secretion of salivary glands, carotid reflex - Correct Answer- Glossopharyngeal (CNIX) Sensory sensation behind ear and part of external ear canal - Correct Answer-Vague (X) Motor turn head of shrugged shoulders some actions for phonation - Correct Answer- Spinal accessory (XI) Motor: tongue movement for speech sound articulation and swallowing - Correct Answer-Hypoglossal (XII) Naturally occurring barrier created by the modification of brain capillaries that prevents many substances from leaving the blood and crossing the capillary walls into the brain tissues - Correct Answer-Blood brain barrier Protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries and carries oxygen and glucose and other needed chemicals from the blood to neurons and tissues

• Correct Answer-Cerebrospinal fluid Body becomes rigid for a moment no more than 30 seconds, breathing may stop patient may bite their tongue and bowel and bladder control could stop - Correct Answer-Tonic phase The body jerks about violently, usually for no more than 1 or 2 minutes (may last 5 min). the pt may foam at the mouth and drool. Face and lips cyanotic - Correct Answer-Clonic phase Coma followed by confusion and lethargy - Correct Answer-Postictal state Occur when a thrombus or embolism interrupts the blood supply oxygen and nutrients to the brain and brain cells die - Correct Answer-Ischemic stroke

15% of hemorrhagic stroke's often with in the distribution of the anterior circulation of the brain brain cells die due to the bleeding into or around the brain - Correct Answer- Intracerebral or subarachnoid A condition that occurs as a result of hyperglycemia characterized by dehydration altered mental status in shock - Correct Answer-Diabetic ketoacidosis Condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly - Correct Answer-diabetes mellitus Occurs when pancreatic cells fail to function properly and insulin is not secreted normally - Correct Answer-Type one DM Occurs when the body's cells fail to use insulin properly, the pancreas maybe secreting enough insulin but the body is unable to use it to move glucose out of the blood and into the cells - Correct Answer-Type two DM A hormone that causes a temporary rise in blood sugar levels - Correct Answer- Glucagon Simple sugar obtained from the food we eat - Correct Answer-Glucose One group of ketones high levels are found in tissues and body fluids in ketosis - Correct Answer-Ketone body And enhanced urinary excretion of ketone bodies - Correct Answer-Ketonuria A condition characterized by then hence production of ketone bodies as in diabetes mellitus starvation - Correct Answer-Ketosis Secrete their products into ducts and the ducts carry the secretions to the target site - Correct Answer-Exocrine glands Secrete their products into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells From which they defuse in the capillaries to be carried away by the blood - Correct Answer- Endocrine glands Butterfly shaped gland that is located inferior to the larynx responsible for normal body metabolism growth and development - Correct Answer-Thyroid gland Located superior to the kidneys they secrete epinephrine in non epinephrine helps regulate water and electrolyte levels - Correct Answer-Adrenal glands If one organ located posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach and can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland - Correct Answer-Pancreas

Secrete the hormone glucagon which increases blood glucose levels - Correct Answer- Alpha cells Secreta hormone insulin which decreases blood glucose levels - Correct Answer-Beta cells Small endocrine gland attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain at the midline that secretes melatonin and contributes to the setting of the body's biological clock - Correct Answer-Pineal gland Located behind the sternum between the lungs and secrete several hormones related to immunity - Correct Answer-Thymus What are contraindications for oral glucose - Correct Answer-Unconscious Known diabetic who has not taking insulin for days Unable to swallow A value less than 60 MG/DL is symptomatic diabetic is typical of - Correct Answer- Hypoglycemia A patient reading over 140 mg/ dL indicates - Correct Answer-Hyperglycemia