The Professional Nurse Exam Questions with Solutions, Exams of Medicine

Download The Professional Nurse Exam Questions with Solutions and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! The Professional Nurse Exam Questions with Solutions What are the 2 types of nurses? - ANS: 1. Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) 2. Registered Nurse (RN) Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) - ANS: -not a registered nurse -scope of practice differs from RN -approx. 18 months of training -obtain licensure through NCLEX-PN What are the 3 types of entry level nursing education programs? - ANS: 1. Diploma 2. Associate's Degree (ASN) 3. Baccalaureate (BSN) Registered Nurse (RN) - ANS: -has a baccalaureate -liberal arts background -leader and politically aware -provides evidence-based care What is licensure? - ANS: A license certifies "entry level competence" of the nurse *also is required in order to practice nursing* -RN's are licensed by the State Board of Nursing -if an RN relocates, he/she must receive licensure in the new state via reciprocity -most states require Continuing Education credits for license retention (CE's) How do you get a license? - ANS: 1. Graduate from an entry-level nursing program 2. Take and pass the NCLEX-RN exam 3. Some State Boards of Nursing also consider english proficiency, felony convictions, criminal behavior, good moral character, sound health What is the NCLEX-RN? - ANS: The National Council Licensure Examination for Nurses *must pass the NCLEX-RN to get a license as RN (computerized exam, max 6 hours, multiple choice) What is Certification? - ANS: Certification validates a higher level of expertise, specialty knowledge, experience and clinical judgement in a specific area ie: CCRN (critical care certification) CRNP (certified registered nurse practitioner) Graduate Education in Nursing (3) - ANS: 1. Master's of Science in Nursing (MSN) 2. Research Doctorate (PhD/DNCs) 3. Clinical Doctorate (DNP) What are the four main roles of the nurse? - ANS: Advocate, teacher, leader, researcher Nurse as advocate - ANS: -advocates for patient's needs and desires and for the profession Nurse as teacher - ANS: -teaches patients, students, families and peers Nurse as leader - ANS: -all nurses are leaders (some are managers) -planning, organizers, directing/motivating & controlling resources Nurse as researcher - ANS: -research consumers, participants in studies, care for patients involved in clinical trials, and are principal investigators Research and evidence-based practice - ANS: BSN/MSN: apply research findings to clinical practice (evidence-based) and critique research -promoting a positive image of nursing through care of self and enviornments What does altruism entail? - ANS: -concern for the welfare of others -caring, commitment, compassion, generosity, and empathy What does equality entail? - ANS: -provided care based on client's needs in a non-discriminatory manner -acceptance of other's beliefs, fair treatment, and tolerance of other's values What does freedom entail? - ANS: -honors client's rights to make decision regarding health care -encourages client independence and self direction -supports rights of other providers to suggest alternatives in plans of care What does human dignity entail? - ANS: -inherent worth and dignity of every individual -safeguards other's rights to privacy, confidentiality, and respect What does justice entail? - ANS: -act as a client advocate when caring for clients -provide non-judgmental care of client regardless of client's belief system -allocates resources fairly -reports unethical or illegal practices factually What does truth entail? - ANS: -faithfulness to the facts and reality -accountability in documentation and reporting -accurately obtains facts prior to making decisions and judgments -reflective and compassionate honesty with clients What is the process of "valuing"? - ANS: -involves choosing better behavior, realizing the worth of that behavior, and actually doing what is necessary to achieve wellness What are ethics? - ANS: -systematic inquiry into the principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice of good and evil as they relate to conduct (based on values) What is the Utilitarian Ethical Theory? - ANS: -the right or wrong of an action depends on the outcome and consequence of that action (ie: assisted suicide is right in cases of terminally ill patients to lessen the patient's suffering and diminish the burden on society) What is the Deontologic Ethical Theory? - ANS: -an action is right or wrong independent of its consequences (ie: assisted suicide is wrong in all cases since it is ethically wrong to take away a life) What are the (8) Ethical Principles of Nursing? - ANS: 1. Autonomy 2. Non-maleficence 3. Beneficence 4. Justice 5. Veracity 6. Confidentiality 7. Fidelity 8. Advocacy Autonomy of the client - ANS: -the nurse respects the decision making ability of the client -allows client to make judgements about his or her own health -respect the right of the patient or surrogate to make healthcare decisions -the patient needs to have accurate information before able to make a decision (informed consent) What is Informed Consent? - ANS: -advising the patient of their condition and all of the possible consequences of any procedures or treatments they undergo -also advising the patient of the possible consequences of NOT undergoing procedures/treatments -Obtaining written informed consent is out of the scope of practice for nurses-physicians must do this Non-maleficence - ANS: -"do no harm" -the nurse must avoid causing harm to the patient -the nurse does not ever do anything that will intentionally hurt patient Beneficence - ANS: -the nurse acts in accordance with what will ultimately benefit the client -the nurse has to weigh the risks and benefits of therapies Justice - ANS: -the nurse distributes benefits, risks, costs, and health care resources fairly to all patients in a non-discriminatory manner Veracity - ANS: -the nurse incorporates compassionate truth telling into patient counseling Confidentiality - ANS: -the nurse respects the private privileged information of the client and does not share this information carelessly with others Fidelity - ANS: -the nurse keeps promises made to the client Advocacy - ANS: -protection and support of another's rights -the nurse represents the client's best interest; the nurse speaks and acts for those clients who cannot speak or act for themselves -nurse facilitates patient's decision making and does NOT make decisions for the patient -nurses may have to advocate for patients to family members, other health care providers What is paternalism? - ANS: -acting for the good of the client without the client's consent -the nurse acts as a parent for the client -goes against advocacy Nurse Accountability - ANS: -nurse is obligated to disclose her/his own lack of training or education in specific areas to protect the safety of the patient