The Roles and Functions of the U.S. Military Services, Exams of Military Strategy and Training

Download The Roles and Functions of the U.S. Military Services and more Exams Military Strategy and Training in PDF only on Docsity! NCOA DLC TEST 3 QUESTIONS WITH THE LATEST SCORE. A function - Correct Answer-is a broad, general, and enduring role for which an organization is designed, equipped, and trained. Coast Guard Functions - Correct Answer-•• Conduct coastal sea control and maritime and air interception/interdiction operations ••*** Conduct maritime homeland security and counterterrorism operations*** •• Conduct ice operations •• Provide for marine safety, including aids to navigation •• Conduct search and rescue operations •• Conduct counter-illicit trafficking operations Common Military Services Functions - Correct Answer-Preparing forces and establishing reserves of manpower, equipment, and supplies for effective operations across the range of military operations and plan for the expansion of peacetime components to meet the needs of war •• Maintaining in readiness mobile reserve forces, properly organized, trained, and equipped for employment in an emergency •• Providing adequate, timely, and reliable intelligence and counterintelligence for the Military Departments and other agencies as directed by competent authority •• Conducting research; developing tactics, techniques, and organization; and developing and procuring weapons, equipment, and supplies essential to the fulfillment of the functions assigned by DoDD 5100.01, Functions of the Department of Defense and its Major Components •• Providing as directed, such forces, military missions, and detachments for service in foreign countries as may be required to support the national interest of the United States •• Assisting each other in the accomplishment of their respective functions, including provisions of personnel, intelligence, training, facilities, equipment, supplies, and services Marine Corps Functions: - Correct Answer-•• Provide close air support for ground forces •• Seize and defend advanced naval bases or lodgments to facilitate subsequent joint operations •• Conduct land and air operations essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign or as directed ••*** Conduct amphibious operations, including engagement, crisis response, and power projection operations to assure access**** •• Conduct complex expeditionary operations in the urban littorals and other challenging environments A lodgement - Correct Answer-is a designated area in a hostile territory that, when seized and held, makes the continuous landing of troops and material possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. Navy Functions: - Correct Answer-•• Conduct ballistic missile defense •• Provide power projection through sea-based global strike, to include nuclear and conventional capabilities •• ***Conduct ocean, hydro, and river survey and reconstruction*** •• Establish, maintain, and defend sea bases in support of naval, amphibious, land, air, or other joint operations as directed •• Conduct offensive and defensive operations associated with the maritime domain Army Functions - Correct Answer-•• Conduct air and missile defense to support joint campaigns and assist in achieving air superiority •• Interdict enemy sea, space, air power, and communications through operations on or from the land ••Occupy territories abroad and provide for the initial establishment of a military government pending transfer of this responsibility to other authority •• Conduct airborne and air assault, and amphibious operations •• ****Provide support for space operations to enhance joint campaigns, in coordination with the other military Services, Combatant Commands, and USG departments and agencies**** Which is not a common function of the Services? a. Construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings, structures, and utilities as well as the space, and cyberspace assets are normally available only in finite numbers; thus, balance is a crucial determinant for an air component commander. core missions - Correct Answer-represent the combination of professional knowledge, airpower expertise, and technological know-how that, when applied, produces superior military capabilities Air & Space Superiority...Freedom from attack and the freedom to attack - Correct Answer-Superiority in air and space - control over what moves through air and space - delivers a fundamental benefit to the JIIM environment. It includes the ability to control the air so that our military forces do not have to worry about being attacked from the air, while ensuring that joint forces have the freedom to attack in the air, on the ground, and at sea. It prevents adversaries from interfering with operations of air, space or surface forces, and assures freedom of action and movement. The control of air and space is a critical enabler for the Joint Force because it allows all US forces freedom from attack and freedom to attack. Global Strike...Any target, any time - Correct Answer-Global strike means that the Nation can project military power more rapidly, more flexibly, and with a lighter footprint than other military options. The Air Force's nuclear and conventional precision strike forces can effectively conduct global strike by holding any target on the planet at risk and, if necessary, disabling or destroying it promptly—even from bases in the continental US. These forces possess the unique ability to achieve tactical, operational, and strategic effects all in the course of a single combat mission. Global strike missions include a wide range of crisis response and escalation control options, such as providing close air support to troops at risk, interdicting enemy forces, inserting special operations forces, and targeting an adversary's vital centers. Whether employed from forward bases or enabled by in-flight refueling, global strike derives from a wide-range of systems that include bombers, missiles, special operations platforms, fighters, and other Air Force aircraft Command and Control...Total flexibility - Correct Answer-Airmen employ the Air Force's other four interdependent and enduring core missions through robust, adaptable, and survivable command and control systems. Using the specialized skills of over 53,000 command and control Airmen, the Air Force provides access to reliable communications and information networks so that the joint team can operate globally at a high tempo and level of intensity. Air Force command and control systems give commanders the ability to conduct highly coordinated joint operations on an unequaled scale using centralized command, distributed control, and decentralized execution. Rapid Global Mobility...Delivery on Demand - Correct Answer-American power can be projected quickly to anywhere on the face of the earth as a result of the Air Force's capability for rapid mobility. The Air Force's 122,000 air mobility Airmen provide swift deployment and the ability to sustain operations by delivering essential equipment and personnel for missions ranging from major combat to humanitarian relief operations around the world. Mobility forces also provide in-flight refueling, which is a unique Air Force capability and the linchpin to joint power projection at intercontinental distances. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance...Eyes and ears on adversaries - Correct Answer-Since the beginnings of armed conflict, superior knowledge has been one of the keys to effective combat power. For over 100 years, Airmen have exploited the vertical dimension to gain a decisive information advantage over our foes. The evolution of globally integrated ISR has fundamentally changed how America fights wars. Today, the Air Force has embraced globally integrated ISR as one of the Air Force's feature calling cards. ISR is much more than a support function. It's the foundation upon which every JIIM operation achieves success. Our 34,000 ISR Airmen identify and assess adversary targets and vulnerabilities from hideouts to bunkers to mobile launchers with greater accuracy than ever seen in the history of warfare Air Force Functions - Correct Answer-•• Conduct nuclear operations in support of strategic deterrence, to include providing and maintaining nuclear surety and capabilities. •• Conduct offensive and defensive operations, to include appropriate air and missile defense, to gain and maintain air superiority, and air supremacy as required, to enable, the conduct of operations by U.S. and allied land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces. •• Conduct global precision attack, to include strategic attack, interdiction, close air support, and prompt global strike. •• Provide timely, global integrated ISR capability and capacity from forward deployed locations and globally distributed centers to support world-wide operations. •• Conduct offensive and defensive operations to gain and maintain space superiority to enable the conduct of operations by U.S. and allied land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace forces. Conduct space operations to enhance joint campaigns, in coordination with the other Military Services, Combatant Commands, and USG departments and agencies. •• Provide rapid global mobility to employ and sustain organic air and space forces and other Military Service and USSOCOM forces, as directed, to include airlift forces for airborne operations, air logistical support, tanker forces for in-flight refueling, and assets for aeromedical evacuation. •• Provide Agile Combat Support to enhance the air and space campaign and the deployment, employment, sustainment, and redeployment of air and space forces and other forces operating within the air and space domains, to include joint air and space bases, and for the Armed Forces other than which is organic to the individual Military Services and USSOCOM in coordination with the other Military Services, Combatant Commands, and USG departments and agencies. •• Conduct global personnel recovery operations incl Air Combat Command (ACC) - Correct Answer-Headquarters: Langley AFB, Virginia Air Combat Command (ACC) organizes, trains, equips, and deploys combat ready forces to support combatant commanders around the globe. Air Education and Training Command (AETC) - Correct Answer-Headquarters: Randolph AFB, Texas Air Education and Training Command (AETC) develops America's Airmen today, for tomorrow. With a vision to deliver unrivaled air, space and cyberspace education and training, the command recruits Airmen and provides basic military training, initial and advanced technical training, flying training, medical training, space and missile training, cyber training, and professional military and degree-granting professional education. The command also conducts joint, readiness and Air Force security assistance training. AETC sustains the combat capability of the operational Air Force with highly-trained and motivated Airmen, recalls individual ready reservists, and manages mobility and contingency tasking support for combatant commanders. air and space, across the range of military operations. In the scenario, troops are headed to Country "X" in a matter of hours with supplies. This is made possible by Rapid Global Mobility SrA Knight has been tasked with a no-notice deployment to Country "X". She doesn't understand why the US has to get involved in another country's problems. Her supervisor, TSgt Foye, tells her our Nation has decided that promoting security, especially with our allies like Country "X" is an objective that supports the National Security Strategy. TSgt Foye says, "Your job as a Security Forces member is key to not only promoting security, but also deterring future conflict. Executing your job allows us to meet our global responsibilities." TSgt Foye's comments BEST identify objectives of the ____________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. National Security Strategy b. National Military Strategy c. National Defense Strategy - Correct Answer-c. CORRECT. According to the JIIM Operations chapter, the objectives of the NDS include defending the Homeland, winning the Long War, promoting security, deterring conflict, and winning the Nation's Wars. TSgt Foye's comments, "Your job as a Security Forces member is key to not only promoting security, but also deterring future conflict" is indicative of the NDS objectives. Once SrA Knight arrived in Country "X", she noticed that many of the services she had back home were already up and running. The dining facility was operational, her tent was ready, and they even had a base transportation schedule available for those that worked on the other said of the forward operating base (FOB). She thought to herself, "Wow, I thought this was going to be a tough deployment, but now that I know I have some of the same things I had back home, performing my job won't be so bad." This scenario BEST illustrates the Air Force Key Capability of _________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. Agile Combat Support b. Rapid Global Mobility c. Global Presence - Correct Answer-a. CORRECT. According to the JIIM Operations chapter, Agile Combat Support includes all elements of a forward base-support structure: maintenance, supply, transportation, communications, services, engineering, security, health services, finance, legal services, and chaplaincy. It also includes services mentioned in the scenario such as a transportation schedule, dining facilities and living quarters (tents.) Accountability - Correct Answer-refers to the obligation imposed by law, lawful order, or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds Reliability - Correct Answer-refers to the ability to be trusted, be accurate, or provide a correct result. Strategic Air Command (SAC) - Correct Answer-Its mission was to be the one command to provide guardianship and control of all nuclear-capable bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles, also known as ICBMs. This command controlled the majority of nuclear assets throughout the Cold War—from 1946 through 1992. SAC prided itself on its strict rules for accountability and reliability in the nuclear arena and the ability to execute those weapons with precision when called upon by our Nation. "Cold War" - Correct Answer-is a term used to describe the period of political conflict, military tension, and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after WWII. The Cold War, which would become a nuclear weapon "stand-off," began with the Berlin Airlift in June 1948.The Berlin Airlift was the first major challenge for the US Air Force after being designated a separate military branch in 1947. Cuban Missile Crisis - Correct Answer-The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 led the world to the brink of nuclear war. When the Soviet Union's leader, Premier Nikita Khrushchev, installed medium-range nuclear missiles in Cuba, US President John Kennedy imposed a naval blockade to force their removal. Tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was at an all-time high, and the threat of a nuclear attack seemed imminent. In fact, Soviet General and Army Chief of Operations Anatoly Gribkov said, "Nuclear catastrophe was hanging by a thread...and we weren't counting days or hours, but minutes." Both sides' fear of massive retaliation and the threat to the survivability of mankind heightened the tension that fueled the Cold War. In the end, the Soviet Union backed down on the missiles, and the United States promised not to invade Cuba in the future. The Cuban Missile Crisis stands today as a constant reminder of the immense danger that's ever present in the Nuclear Age. Post-Cold War - Correct Answer-The Cold War lasted over 40 years, ending in 1991 with the fall of the Berlin Wall and without the use of a single nuclear weapon. With the Cold War won, our country was eager to cash in on the "peace dividend," a belief that the threat of nuclear war had decreased significantly and focus could move to other areas. Over the years that followed, the nuclear mission was deemphasized. In 1992, SAC and Tactical Air Command (TAC) combined to become Air Combat Command (ACC). The nuclear-capable bombers and fighters were assigned to ACC. The ICBMs were initially assigned to ACC as well but were later transferred to Air Force Space Command (AFSPC). This organizational change marked the beginning of a period of diminished strategic consideration for the nuclear enterprise and its mission. The nuclear enterprise changed again in 2009 when the Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) was created to ensure oversight of the Air Force nuclear mission and provide re- invigoration to the enterprise. This change highlighted the nuclear enterprise's continued relevance and priority as a major deterrence factor Deterrence - Correct Answer-is "a state of mind brought about by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction." Deterrence can be viewed as a product of three inter-related factors: a nation's capability multiplied by its will, multiplied by others' perceptions of that capability and will. All Airmen are vital to this formula. If Airmen fail to adhere to proper procedures and guidance resulting in mission degradation, the capability and will of our force comes into question. This could degrade the credibility of our force in the eyes of our adversaries, thus compromising the desired level of deterrence •• Ensure adequate security of nuclear weapons under DOD Directive 5210.41. DOD Nuclear Weapon System Safety Policy - Correct Answer-It is developed jointly between the Offices of the Secretary of Defense and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Defense Agencies, and the military services, in cooperation with the DOE. These entities share the common goal of providing maximum safety consistent with operational requirements. DOD Nuclear Weapon Safety Design Criteria - Correct Answer-Quantitative safety design criteria are established by the DOD, issued in weapon specific military characteristics (MCs), and implemented by the DOE in coordination with the Project Officers Group (POG). They are used during nuclear weapon design to ensure one-point safety and to lower premature detonation probabilities and component malfunctions. Positive Measures - Correct Answer-are design features, safety rules, procedures, accident prevention or mitigation measures, or other controls including physical security and coded control systems used collectively or individually to enhance safety and to reduce the likelihood, severity, or consequences of an accident, unauthorized act, or deliberate threat. Safety Rules - Correct Answer-are comprised of general and specific provisions applicable to a nuclear weapon system for conducting approved operations while ensuring maximum safety consistent with operational or logistic requirements Technical Procedures - Correct Answer-are the explicit directions that must be followed to conduct operations with nuclear weapons. Technical procedures are documented in service technical publications and Joint Nuclear Weapons Publication System (JNWPS) Technical Publications (TP). Security - Correct Answer-is the total spectrum of procedures, facilities, equipment, and personnel employed to provide the protection against loss of custody, theft, or diversion of a nuclear weapon system; the protection against unauthorized access; and the protection against unauthorized actions, vandalism, sabotage, and malicious damage. Reliability has two key components - Correct Answer-nuclear weapons system reliability and individual reliability Reliability - Correct Answer-is an ability to be trusted to do what is expected or has been promised. Nuclear Weapon System Reliability - Correct Answer-is maintained through an extensive testing, inspection, and maintenance program to guarantee the weapons will work if ever called upon by our Nation's leaders. The specific elements of these testing, inspection, and maintenance programs are outlined by the individual services and their respective nuclear configurations. Individual reliability encompasses two processes: - Correct Answer-Personnel Reliability Program(PRP) and the two-person concept The Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) - Correct Answer-ensures that only those persons whose behavior demonstrates integrity, reliability, trustworthiness, allegiance, and loyalty to the United States shall be allowed to perform duties associated with nuclear weapons. The two-person concept - Correct Answer-requires the presence at all times of at least two persons, each certified under PRP, knowledgeable in the task to be performed, familiar with applicable safety and security requirements, and each capable of promptly detecting an incorrect act or improper procedure throughout the task performed. While giving the unit's in-processing briefing, SSgt Offerman says, "Through the Nuclear Enterprise, our unit provides the capability that is a necessary piece of the formula to prevent aggression by our adversaries. This alone, however isn't enough to be fully effective. Our adversaries must perceive us as a credible threat by understanding that our Nation has the will and capability to use these weapons if needed." This scenario BEST illustrates key elements of nuclear ________ impact on mission effectiveness. a. weapons systems and their b. deterrence and its c. surety and its - Correct Answer-b. CORRECT: According to the Nuclear Enterprise chapter, Deterrence can be viewed as a product of three inter-related factors which are a nation's capability, multiplied by its will, multiplied by others' perceptions of that capability and will. In this scenario, SSgt Offerman mentions all three parts of the deterrence formula. Sender - Correct Answer-is the originator of the communication process. Speakers, writers, artists, musicians, and even architects are examples of senders of communication. The sender must select and arrange symbols (words, sounds, gestures, etc.) in such a way as to create an accurate message in the mind of the receiver. Message - Correct Answer-is the idea, feeling, or information a sender transfers to his/her audience by using written or spoken words and nonverbal symbols. It's important that the message you deliver is clear and precise so there isn't any confusion. Receiver - Correct Answer-is the target for the sender's message. You receive messages through reading, listening, observing, and even touching. To be a good receiver, you should use as many of your senses as possible to make sure the message you get is the one the sender expected you to receive. Feedback - Correct Answer-not only completes the communication process but it also starts it all over again. It's a reaction to the message as you received it. Feedback has two forms: verbal and nonverbal. Senders must fight for feedback to ensure their message was received as intended. Feedback allows senders to adjust communication when necessary. Upward communication - Correct Answer-is the flow of communication through the chain of command from the lowest organizational position to the highest. Downward Communication - Correct Answer-normally begins with the organization's upper level of management and filters down through the chain of command. There are many different ways you can communicate information down the chain: memos, letters, meetings, phone calls, etc. Lateral Communication - Correct Answer-information flows neither downward nor upward; instead, it flows across organizational channels or amongst you and your peers. TSgt Wilder is helping TSgt Salas prepare for his briefing to the Commander. After TSgt Wilder explains two or three steps, he asks TSgt Salas to explain to him what he truly meant by what he had just said so he could ensure his message was properly conveyed. Salas thanks Wilder for the information and says, "You just saved me from having to go up the chain of command for assistance." This scenario BEST illustrates ___________________________ communication. a. lateral b. upward Define parameters - Correct Answer-Think about some of the major parameters that affect managerial communication: the amount of product to complete (quantity), the amount of time to prepare the communication (timeliness), the specific form of communication needs to be defined (type), the desired level of formality, the tone of the communication, and the amount of time allowed for delivering the message MSgt Copley has tasked TSgt Wendt with briefing the flight about the new tattoo policy. Copley tells Wendt "you'll have 5 minutes during tomorrow's roll call to brief the section on what has changed in AFI 36-2903 in regards to the tattoo policy. This brief needs to be delivered in a professional manner so that everyone understands the message." MSgt Copley's directions BEST illustrates ___________________. a. narrowing the topic b. analyzing the audience c. defining the parameters - Correct Answer-c. CORRECT. According to managerial communication, "some of the major parameters that affect managerial communication: the amount of product to complete (quantity), the amount of time to prepare the communication (timeliness), the specific form of communication needs to be defined (type), the desired level of formality, the tone of the communication, and the amount of time allowed for delivering the message." Copley is giving all of the above information to Wendt before he even begins to prepare his communication. Research - Correct Answer-To develop "substance," or foundation of information, you need to rely on certain sources of information. Your research plan should include these sources in this order: yourself, others who are familiar with your subject, and finally reference sources, common knowledge and standard information. By following this pattern, you ensure you have used the resources most readily available to you first and foremost. Yourself as a credible source - Correct Answer-determine what you already know about the subject before you start looking elsewhere. Your experiences with the specific situation can often provide a strong base of information. In examining your own personal knowledge base, you might discover you have gaps in your information. This will indicate where you need to conduct more research. Others as a credible source - Correct Answer-You may consider speaking to others who have information on the subject that you're researching. The best information sources are those individuals who can assist in clarifying your questions and those who can provide facts and testimony to support your efforts. These subject matter experts can usually provide additional sources of information. Reference Sources - Correct Answer-As an NCO, you need to become familiar with how to find timely and accurate information in case the need arises. The Internet, including Air Force websites like the e-publishing site and libraries are great places to begin your research. Other examples of reference sources include Internet search engines, paper or electronic books, periodicals, AFIs, The Tongue and Quill, and Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Other reference information can be found through a career field education and training plan (CFETP), technical orders (T.O.s), training plan, Air Force directives, operating instructions, safety directives, shift logs, and automated performance tracking systems. Common Knowledge - Correct Answer-can be used in the same manner as your own personal knowledge and experiences; there is no need to acknowledge the source. Some examples of common knowledge are: •• There are four seasons in the year. •• There are 365 days in a year. •• The United States entered World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. •• The national bird of the United States is the bald eagle. Common knowledge is not always so common. Be careful with what you believe is common knowledge, it may only be common to you. Development - Correct Answer-Before beginning the development process consider selections for your support material, look at information and decide how well it supports your ideas, how well it fits into the time limit that has been levied upon you to deliver your message, how much time you will have to prepare, how it is important to the objective, and whether or not it has appeal to the audience. Always remember that preparation time may limit your support due to the amount of time it takes to gather information and develop your communication. It also may limit the types of support you can provide. If you're fortunate to have a longer amount of time to prepare, it may allow you to include a greater variety of support from more sources. Remember, the primary purposes for using support material are to clarify, amplify, reinforce, or emphasize your ideas or prove your assertions. To achieve this, you should use two types of support: clarification support and proof support. Finally, you need to ensure to give credit to the author of your support using integration and citation . Clarification support - Correct Answer-presents a clearer message to the audience and gives variety to your communication. When you use clarification support, you're able to provide examples and additional descriptive details and emphasize the ideas. You can accomplish this by using definitions to explain standards to new Airmen or provide clearer understanding of abstract ideas like customs and courtesies. Proof Support - Correct Answer-is where you show the proof that your communication should be taken seriously and it is supported usually by things such as statistics. Statistics are considered the most powerful proof support you can use. Always remember to consider the recency of statistics. Old statistics can hurt your credibility if someone in your audience has more recent data. There is even the possibility that old statistics may not be relevant any more. Testimonials or quotes will sometimes aid specific types of supervisory communications, E.g.; commanders who support a promotion recommendation in writing. Testimony from a renowned expert can convince an audience to take action in a briefing Integration and Citation - Correct Answer-two requirements for source support in written and spoken projects. While citing sources, you should integrate and give them proper citation. Integration means the source is incorporated into the text, paper, or speech; it allows the reader or listener to know where the information came from simply by reading or listening Citation - Correct Answer-is a method used to verify the source's credibility on a book, article, webpage, or other published item. When using any material word-for-word from a source, use quotation marks around the entire statement. Introducing the author of your quote provides credibility to your speech by convincing your audience that the quote came from a reputable source Organizing communication - Correct Answer-appropriately is an important step toward effectively reaching your specific objective. There are several important sub-steps to organizing your communication: selecting a suitable pattern, defining main points and support, constructing an outline, and transitioning between main points. As soon as your topic of communication comes to you (directed/thought of), your mind automatically starts to generate ideas about the subject. Organizing those ideas will help you develop the subject clearly and logically and ultimately help your audience reach the specific objective. understood terms and do not try to impress people with your "million-dollar" words. Remember, your words should always be concrete and not spoken in abstract terms How you say it - Correct Answer-Paralanguage is the characteristics of the voice. Paralanguage is often just as important as, if not more important than, the actual words you speak. You should continuously monitor the following items to decipher the true meaning of the message. •• Rate is the number of words spoken within a specified time. Rate often increases because of stress. Some people have a constant rate, whereas others speak in bursts. ••Diction is the combination of articulation (precise use of lips, tongue, and teeth to form sounds), pronunciation (pronouncing words properly), and choice of words. •• Tone can be considered in two dimensions: manner of expression (harsh, aggressive, gentle, passive, etc.) and relative pitch (high, low, varying, monotonous). •• Rhythm creates recurring patterns of variation in speech, i.e., rising and lowering waves of volume, pitch, or rate. •• Fluency uses pauses effectively to provide desired flow and effect. Pauses are typically described in three dimensions: length (milliseconds to minutes), filled (vocalized) and unfilled (silent), and location (ending of a thought, beginning of a thought, etc.). •• Volume is loudness. ••Quality pertains to the fidelity or timbre of sound. Four types of unpleasant voice qualities are: hyper-nasality (speaking largely through the nose), denasality ("head cold" sound), hoarseness (laryngitis-like sound), and huskiness (excessive exhalation of breath when expressing words). Recognizing Prominent Barriers to Interaction - Correct Answer-Sometimes you create barriers to effective and appropriate communication without even realizing it. There are two common communication barriers you should become aware of and practice to correct: competitive interrupting and overusing the content-only response. "Turn-maintaining" - Correct Answer-is accomplished through a variety of verbal and nonverbal cues to help you maintain the speaker's role (e.g.; audibly inhaling to show you have more to say, continuing a gesture to show you have not completed your thought, or vocalized pauses to show that you are still talking). Turn-maintaining cues tell the listener you are finished and wish to exchange the role of speaker for that of the listener (e.g..; you might end your statement with some paralinguistic cue such as "eh?", ask a question, or nod in the direction of the listener). Competitive interruption - Correct Answer-is aggressive and serves to dominate conversation. It is "I" oriented and becomes a battle for conversational control. Conversely, non-competitive interrupting usually arises out of excitement about the conversation and from not being able to hold back one's contribution. The acceptability of non-competitive interrupting varies from culture-to-culture. It is important to gauge competent response styles based on the culture in which you are interacting. "back-channeling" cues - Correct Answer-You may lean forward, nod your head, point, pause, or look away in an attempt to direct the conversation. A content-only response - Correct Answer-focuses only on the literal meaning of a message without taking into account the emotions or cultural message behind what is being said. For example, if an Airman sets foot on the ground for the first time in Afghanistan and said, "This heat is killing me," a novice interpreter could translate that message literally, and a great deal of misunderstanding could occur between the Airman and the Afghan's he will be working with before the introductions are even made! Recall the power of paralanguage: - Correct Answer-One of the keys to managing the content-only response is to recall the power of paralanguage. Paralanguage is a term used to describe how you say what you say. Vocal rate, pitch, tone, volume, etc. can give the same words very different meanings. When you ignore this, misunderstandings and misinterpretations can occur and make communication ineffective. Be mindful of distinctions in others' behaviors: - Correct Answer-Effective interpersonal intelligence builds on the core capacity to notice distinctions among others; in particular, contrasts in their moods, motivations, and intentions. In more advanced forms, this intelligence permits a skilled adult to read the intentions and desires of others, even when these have been hidden. This is achieved once you become aware of and in tune to others' nonverbal communication and paralinguistic behavior and can use the skills associated with active listening. Then you may begin reframing experiences in order to create new and alternative understandings of people while increasing your ability to interpret cultural messages. Interpreting - Correct Answer-is about representing ideas in understandable terms as opposed to word-by-word translation. The interpretation process involves many of the concepts and skills associated with effective communication, such as an understanding of communication tone, gesture-use, and other culture-specific rules for interactions. Gestures - Correct Answer-are customarily the use of hands to show emphasis, transition, enumeration, etc.; sometimes accompanied by tonal inflections, pauses, or other nonverbal behavior. Facial expressions - Correct Answer-show fear, surprise, joy, sadness, anger, disgust, etc., conveyed through brow, eye, and mouth configurations. **Next to speech, the face is probably the primary source of information in human interaction. It is the primary site for communication of emotional states, interpersonal attitudes, and feedback to others (see the following formula.) Perceived attitude= 7%verbal+38% vocal+55%facial Eye Contact - Correct Answer-happens when the sender and receiver are looking into each other's eyes. Body language - Correct Answer-sends messages through body posture (slouching, sitting erectly, lounging, crossed arms, etc.) and behaviors ( stomping a foot, pointing a finger, shaking the head, etc.) Location - Correct Answer-pertains to situations when you may encounter interpersonal communication that requires a location with the fewest distractions. The type of situation will often dictate the level of privacy needed. Prepare your locations for seating, to share the responsibility for the session's success. This combined approach has a lot of positive impact on the relationship by creating trust. It will take a lot of skill on your part to know when to take on responsibility and when to let the subordinate have the responsibility. In the combined approach, you use portions of the directive and nondirective approaches. The combined approach emphasizes that the subordinate must be responsible for planning and decision making. to maintain subordinate-centered communication sessions. - Correct Answer- ••Active listening: Give full attention to subordinates, listening to their words and the way they are spoken. Notice voice tone, eye contact, facial expressions, and appearance. Transmit your understanding of the message through responding. •• Responding: Use appropriate eye contact and gestures. Check understanding without talking too much; summarize, interpret, and question. ••Questioning: Serves as a way to obtain valuable information and get subordinates to think. Keep the majority of your questions open ended. •• Silence: Sometimes an effective way to get someone to open up is to be silent for a short period. In some cases, the counselee might feel uncomfortable with the empty space of no one talking, and this will prompt them to open up. However, if after a reasonable amount of time the counselee has not opened up, continue with the session; or, you might choose to reschedule to a time when the counselee is more willing to talk. basic interpersonal skills communication skills can be broken down into three categories: - Correct Answer-Pre-session, Session, and Post-session skills. Pre-session activities include: diagnosing, and Preparing. During the session, opening, attending, responding, resolving, and closing skills are used. Post-session activities include follow-up actions. TSgt Hammond is the NCOIC of the dental clinic and believes Airmen are the key to success. He establishes rapport with them, listens and values their viewpoint, and provides and accepts constructive feedback. He holds regular meetings to explain clinic goals and to discuss with his subordinates how to align their goals with organizational goals. At one of his meetings, Amn Miller says, "Because our patient questionnaire is several pages long, it delays patient in-processing. If we sent the questionnaire to our patients ahead of time, it would speed up in- processing." Hammond replies, "That is a great idea. Please implement it immediately." Several weeks later Miller tells Hammond, "Our new procedure has shortened patient in-processing an average of 15 minutes." TSgt Hammond's actions BEST illustrate effective _____________ and their impact on mission effectiveness. a. basic interpersonal communication skills b. inter - Correct Answer-b. CORRECT: In the scenario, TSgt Hammond demonstrates effective interpersonal communication by listening and valuing his subordinates viewpoint (Working Relationships), providing and accepting constructive feedback (Working Relationships), and allowing subordinates to discuss their job ("Because our patient questionnaire is several pages long, it delays patient in-processing. If we sent the questionnaire to our patients ahead of time, it would speed up in-processing.") (Working Relationships). According to the Defining Interpersonal Communication section, one of the benefits of effective interpersonal skills on improving working relationships with subordinates was they are willing to share finer details of the job and their performance of it. Furthermore, his regular meetings to discuss the goals of the clinic and how the goals align with his subordinates personal goals demonstrates an understanding of the work center Climate (situational climate), which according to the Interpersonal Communication chapter, the situational climate contends that organizational and individual goals need not be at odds with one another; thus, this climate falls midway between the dehumanized and over humanized climates. The perception of similarity between personal and organizational goals should promote increased productivity, which, in turn, may increase the amount of intrinsic motivation and a greater sense of responsibility by subordinates. The three factors of interpersonal communication are ______, _______, and _______. a. Knowing yourself, knowing others, and the message. b. Knowing others, self-monitoring, and perception checking c. Knowing yourself, self-monitoring, and the message - Correct Answer-a. Knowing yourself, knowing others, and the message The two types of feedback are _______ and _______. a. preventative and feedback sessions b. preventative and rehabilitative c. rehabilitative and interpersonal problems - Correct Answer-b. preventative and rehabilitative The barriers to interaction are ______ and _____. a. competitive interrupting and the content-only response b. turn maintaining and competitive interruption c. content-only response and paralanguage - Correct Answer-a. competitive interrupting and the content-only response A face-to-face, multidirectional exchange of verbal messages and nonverbal signals between two or more people, for the purpose of gaining a shared meaning. The statement above BEST identifies_________. a. factors influencing interpersonal communication b. the nature of interpersonal communication c. interpersonal communication - Correct Answer-c. CORRECT: According to the Interpersonal Communication chapter, interpersonal communication is a face-to-face, multidirectional exchange of verbal messages and nonverbal signals between two or more people, for the purpose of gaining a shared meaning the nature of interpersonal communication includes - Correct Answer-depth, scope, and suitability