Download The U.S. Constitution and Its Amendments and more Exams Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! FLORIDA CIVIC LITERACY EXAM Questions and Answer 100% Verified Answers Latest Study Guide 2024 GRADE A+ What is the supreme law of the land? - ANSWERS-the Constitution What does the Constitution do? - ANSWERS--sets up the government -defines the government -protects basic rights of Americans The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? - ANSWERS-We the People What is an amendment? - ANSWERS--a change (to the Constitution) -an addition (to the Constitution) What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? - ANSWERS-the Bill of Rights What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment? - ANSWERS--speech -religion -assembly -press -petition the government How many amendments does the Constitution have? - ANSWERS-twenty-seven What did the Declaration of Independence do? - ANSWERS--announced our independence (from Great Britain) -declared our independence (from Great Britain) -said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? - ANSWERS--life -liberty -pursuit of happiness What is freedom of religion? - ANSWERS-You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. What is the economic system in the United States? - ANSWERS--capitalist economy -market economy What is the "rule of law"? - ANSWERS--Everyone must follow the law. -Leaders must obey the law. -Government must obey the law. -No one is above the law. Name one branch or part of the government. - ANSWERS--Congress -legislative -President -executive -the courts -judicial What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? - ANSWERS--checks and balances -separation of powers What are two Cabinet-level positions? - ANSWERS--Secretary of Agriculture -Secretary of Commerce -Secretary of Defense -Secretary of Education -Secretary of Energy -Secretary of Health and Human Services -Secretary of Homeland Security -Secretary of Housing and Urban Development -Secretary of the Interior -Secretary of Labor -Secretary of State -Secretary of Transportation -Secretary of the Treasury -Secretary of Veterans Affairs -Attorney General -Vice President What does the judicial branch do? - ANSWERS--reviews laws -explains laws -resolves disputes (disagreements) -decides if a law goes against the Constitution What does the legislative branch do? - ANSWERS-- makes all laws -declares war -regulates interstate and foreign commerce -controls taxing and spending policies What does the executive branch do? - ANSWERS--Enforces laws written by the congress What is the highest court in the United States? - ANSWERS-the Supreme Court How many justices are on the Supreme Court? - ANSWERS-9 Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? - ANSWERS-John Roberts Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? - ANSWERS--to print money -to declare war -to create an army -to make treaties Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? - ANSWERS--provide schooling and education -provide protection (police) -provide safety (fire departments) -give a driver's license -approve zoning and land use Who is the Governor of your state now? - ANSWERS-Ron Desantis What is the capital of your state? - ANSWERS-Tallahassee What are the two major political parties in the United States? - ANSWERS- Democrat and Republican What is the political party of the President now? - ANSWERS-Democratic Party What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? - ANSWERS-Mike Johnson There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. - ANSWERS--Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote). -You don't have to pay (a poll tax) to vote. -Any citizen can vote regardless of sex. (Women and men can vote.) -A male citizen of any race (can vote). What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? - ANSWERS-- serve on a jury -vote in a federal election Name one right only for United States citizens. - ANSWERS--vote in a federal election -run for federal office What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? - ANSWERS-- freedom of expression -freedom of speech -freedom of assembly -freedom to petition the government -freedom of religion -the right to bear arms What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? - ANSWERS- -the United States -the flag What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? - ANSWERS--give up loyalty to other countries -defend the Constitution and laws of the United States -obey the laws of the United States -serve in the U.S. military (if needed) -serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed) -be loyal to the United States How old do citizens have to be to vote for President? - ANSWERS-18 What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for? - ANSWERS--U.S. diplomat -oldest member of the Constitutional Convention -first Postmaster General of the United States -writer of "Poor Richard's Almanac" -started the first free libraries Who is the "Father of Our Country"? - ANSWERS-(George) Washington Who was the first President? - ANSWERS-(George) Washington What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? - ANSWERS--the Louisiana Territory -Louisiana Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. - ANSWERS--War of 1812 -Mexican-American War - Civil War -Spanish-American War Name the U.S. war between the North and the South. - ANSWERS--the Civil War -the War between the States Name one problem that led to the Civil War. - ANSWERS--slavery -economic reasons -states' rights What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did? - ANSWERS--freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation) -saved (or preserved) the Union -led the United States during the Civil War What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? - ANSWERS--freed the slaves -freed slaves in the Confederacy -freed slaves in the Confederate states -freed slaves in most Southern states What did Susan B. Anthony do? - ANSWERS--fought for women's rights -fought for civil rights Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s. - ANSWERS--World War I -World War II -Korean War -Vietnam War -(Persian) Gulf War Who was President during World War I - ANSWERS-(Woodrow) Wilson Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II? - ANSWERS- (Franklin) Roosevelt Who did the United States fight in World War II? - ANSWERS-Japan, Germany, and Italy Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in? - ANSWERS-World War II During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States? - ANSWERS-Communism What movement tried to end racial discrimination? - ANSWERS-civil rights (movement) What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do? - ANSWERS--fought for civil rights -worked for equality for all Americans What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States? - ANSWERS-Terrorists attacked the United States. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. - ANSWERS--Cherokee -Navajo -Sioux -Chippewa -Choctaw -Pueblo -Arawak -Shawnee -Mohegan -Huron -Oneida -Lakota -Apache -Iroquois -Creek -Blackfeet -Seminole -Cheyenne -Crow -Teton -Hopi -Inuit Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States. - ANSWERS-Missouri Mississippi What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States? - ANSWERS-Pacific Federalism - ANSWERS-A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Republicanism - ANSWERS-A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. participatory democracy - ANSWERS-a system of government where rank-and- file citizens rule themselves rather than electing representatives to govern on their behalf Ratification of the Constitution debate - ANSWERS-Those favoring ratification of the Constitution and adoption of a strong federal government were called Federalists. Those opposed, feared the power of the national government and were called Anti-Federalists. They wanted more protections for the rights of the states and the individual. Article I of the Constitution - ANSWERS-Section of the Constitution laying out powers and responsibilities of the Legislative Branch Article II of the Constitution - ANSWERS-Section of the Constitution laying out powers and responsibilities of the Executive Branch Article III of the Constitution - ANSWERS-Section of the Constitution laying out powers and responsibilities of the Judicial Branch Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article IV) - ANSWERS-A state must recognize the validity of the public acts, records, and court decisions of other states Article V of the Constitution - ANSWERS-Outlines the process for amending or changing the Constitution Supremacy Clause (Article VI) - ANSWERS-constitutional declaration that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the greatest law of the land Declaration of Independence - ANSWERS-the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain Articles of Confederation - ANSWERS-1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) Northwest Ordinance - ANSWERS-a law passed by Congress in 1787 that specified how western lands would be governed Federalist Papers - ANSWERS-A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail. Magna Carta - ANSWERS-the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215. Their ideas influenced the founders of the United States. Mayflower Compact - ANSWERS-1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. Their ideas influenced the founders of the United States. English Bill of Rights - ANSWERS-King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. Their ideas influenced the founders of the United States. Common Sense by Thomas Paine - ANSWERS-powerful pamphlet telling the colonists to break free. British were trying to destroy colonies' natural rights. Government is there to protect life liberty and property. Power came from people, not kings. Colonies don't benefit from British Empire. Brutus No. 1 - ANSWERS-This work by a prominent Anti-Federalist argued that that the new federal government would be too powerful. In particular, he pointed to the necessary-and-proper clause and the supremacy clause. In addition, he objected to Congress's power to tax and raise a standing army and to the vast size of the proposed republic. He felt this powerful new government would supplant the states. Marbury v. Madison (1803) - ANSWERS-This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - ANSWERS-the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) - ANSWERS-Court ruled that Scott was the property of Sanford and, as a slave, was prohibited from suing in court. Chief Justice Taney gives his opinion that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Decision adds to sectionalism between North and South that will lead to the Civil War. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - ANSWERS-Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." Schenck v. United States (1919) - ANSWERS-Speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment Korematsu v. United States (1944) - ANSWERS-Internment of Japanese- Americans during WWII does not violate 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause (gets strict scrutiny but national security is a good enough reason to justify the racial discrimination). Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - ANSWERS-The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.