Training and Development: Topics 6-8 Questions and Answers, Exams of Leadership and Team Management

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C235 Training and Development: Topics 6 – 8 Questions and Answers Transfer possibilities include: I: Zero transfer II: Complete transfer III: Positive transfer IV: Negative transfer - Correct answer I, III, and IV If after a three day training trainees return to their work and increase in overall productivity and efficiency, a _________ transfer occurred. - Correct answer Positive Near transfer is: - Correct answer A trainee's ability to apply learned material from training to an environment similar to the training environment Far transfer is: - Correct answer A trainee's ability to apply learned material from training to a variety of different environments If a training program teaches specific concepts and procedures, ________ transfer is most likely to occur. - Correct answer Near Trainers and training managers use a _________ in order to think clearly about the challenges in training transfer. - Correct answer Framework Which of the following is a determinant for positive training transfer? - Correct answer The design and conduct of the training True or False: An effective learning environment for someone who is a visual learner may lead him or her to retain the learning while a kinesthetic learner in the same environment might not. - Correct answer True All the following are examples of a work environment necessary for positive transfer EXCEPT: Climate for transfer Accepting peers Opportunity to perform Technological support - Correct answer Accepting peers The three determinants of training interact with each other through the intervening variable of _______. - Correct answer Learning retention It is a good idea to include ________ in the needs assessment. Internal and external customers Higher level management Targeted employees All of the above - Correct answer All of the above ______ is one of the critical factors in the work environment which will determine whether or not the learnings from training transfer. - Correct answer Supervisor support How are testimonials from others who have been through the training helpful? - Correct answer Communicates to the other employees how the training will benefit them Assigned readings, case studies, and self-assessments before the training begins are all considered: - Correct answer Pre-work True or False: Evidence suggests that trainees are more likely to transfer training when they have high organizational commitment and high cynicism about change. - Correct answer False The evidence shows that trainees are more likely to transfer training not when cynicism is high, but low. Good training provides for as much opportunity to _______ as possible. - Correct answer Practice Why should practice be performed in a context as close to the back home work environment as possible? - Correct answer To achieve near transfer Why would it be useful to make sure that trainees understand the general principles underlying specific actions in specific situations? - Correct answer So the trainees can see "the why" for those actions, as well as "the what" True or False: Negative transfer is facilitated when trainees feel the trainer doesn't fully understand their situations and job challenges and how they feel about their work. This is most likely to happen when the trainer is from inside the organization. - Correct answer False Positive transfer is facilitated when trainees feel the trainer fully understands their situation and job challenges and how they feel about their work. This is most likely to happen when the trainer is from inside. Negative transfer is most likely to happen from a trainer outside the organization. Activity level indicates: - Correct answer The number of repetitions trainees get back on the job The level of challenge represented in the application of learning on the job is called: - Correct answer Task type What two things must trainees do for effective transfer? - Correct answer Apply and maintain True or False: In order to maintain effective transfer, "relapse prevention" training was formed, which was modeled after the approaches used in the rehabilitation of those with drug and alcohol addictions. - Correct answer True Transfer of training means: - Correct answer Effectively and continually applying what they learned in training back on the job Transfer deals with which part(s) of the ADDIE model? I: Assessment II: Design III: Development IV: Implementation V: Evaluation - Correct answer I and II The design of training (the first "D" in the ADDIE model) should consider the ultimate goal of transfer from the very beginning in the process of design. In fact, transfer should be taken into consideration even during the needs assessment stage (the "A" stage). If a training program encourages trainees to focus only on important differences between training tasks and work tasks (e.g., rate of completion), it is trying to accomplish _________. - Correct answer Near transfer In this case, the trainer would be trying to accomplish near transfer vs. far transfer because it is focusing on tasks directly related to work. According to the model of training transfer, what is directly related to training transfer? I: Training design II: Work environment III: Trainee characteristics - Correct answer II and III Traits, abilities, and motivation are sub-groups of ________. - Correct answer Trainee characteristics True or False: If the goal is near transfer, practice should take place in a variety of different places, and if the goal is far transfer, practice should take place in a setting that is similar to the trainees' work environment. - Correct answer False To the extent possible, the practice should take place in a context as close to the back home work environment as possible. Of course, this is more important if the goal is near transfer. If the goal is far transfer, then the practice should take place in a variety of settings with discussion of the general principles underlying the action in each setting. What is the main task of the training evaluators? - Correct answer Determine if a change took place and demonstrate that the changes were caused by the training program Only about ____ in 40 companies make an attempt to evaluate their training programs. - Correct answer 1 True or False: Evaluation should follow the most rigorous experimental design possible. - Correct answer True Evaluation should be planned at the same time as the training program and should be closely tied to the __________ objectives established for the program. - Correct answer Behavioral When conducting an evaluation it is best to use _______ type(s) of criteria. 1 2 4 None of the above - Correct answer None of the above There are generally four categories of criteria to use when evaluating training programs, two ______ and two _______. - Correct answer Internal; external The four categories of criteria used for evaluation are: - Correct answer Reaction, learning, behavior, and results Asking the question, "What did the participants think and feel about the training program?" is an example of ________ criteria. - Correct answer Reaction Paper and pencil tests, role plays, and work samples can all be used for what criteria in training evaluation? - Correct answer Learning Peers, subordinates, customers, and others in addition to the direct supervisor can be canvassed to determine ________ criteria. - Correct answer Behavior What is the challenge with using criteria for determining a measurement of change? - Correct answer Determining whether or not the change came from the training or another source The principles of experimental design allow the training evaluation to be conducted in such a way as to help rule out __________explanations for any observed improvements in learning. - Correct answer Alternative What is a mistake most organizations make when with their training programs? I: Send participants through a training program with no pretest Randomization: - Correct answer Eliminates most of the threats to the validity of conclusions True or False: Randomization eliminates the need for pretests. - Correct answer True In many situations, the best experimental design is: - Correct answer Posttest only control group Interestingly, the "best" design in many situations is also one of the simplest: the "posttest-only control-group" design with random assignment to groups. When sample sizes are reasonably large, this design is actually better than the use of pretests because it eliminates a potential validity threat known as the "reactive effects of pretesting." Nonequivalent control group and time series are examples of what experimental design? - Correct answer Quasi-experimental Single group posttest only is an example of what experimental design? - Correct answer Pre-experimental Organizations that select trainees based off of scheduling or based off of the specific individuals who they want to go through training will most likely need to use what kind of experimental design? - Correct answer Quasi- experimental Organizations which do not send participants to training in random sequence can at best use one of the quasi-experimental approaches to training evaluation. Which of the following is an example of an experimental design? - Correct answer Posttest only control group with random assignment In the IPCO case, reaction measures were taken _______. Two months later Immediately after Three years later All of the above - Correct answer All of the above When using self-assessments with regards to behavior change, always: - Correct answer Be skeptical about what is being reported Which of the following successes can solely be attributed to the IPCO training? Sick leave usage declined after training Total Quality Management improved IPCO was awarded the DoD Center of Excellence award None of the above - Correct answer None of the above ----------- involves the systematic collection of data and information necessary to make effective decisions related to the selection, adoption, value, and modification of training activities. - Correct answer Evaluation Which level of evaluation attempts to measure changes in behavior back on the job? Level 2 Level 4 Level 1 Level 3 - Correct answer Level 3 "Level 3" evaluation attempts to measure changes in behavior back on the job. In a best case scenario, standard performance appraisals might be used to assess such changes. Self-serving bias is: - Correct answer When a trainee overstates how much they have transferred their learning Sometimes evaluators will ask trainees themselves if and how their behavior back on the job has changed. However, there is considerable risk here of "self-serving bias" wherein a trainee is likely to overstate the degree to which he or she has transferred the learnings back to the job. Career management is: - Correct answer Planning, implementing, and monitoring employee career paths What is the difference between career management and career planning? - Correct answer Career planning is the responsibility of the individual _________ achieves both personal career goals and organizational goals. - Correct answer Career development Communicating development preferences to management and identifying personal abilities and interests is part of: - Correct answer Career planning Matching organizational needs with individual capabilities and identifying future organizational staffing needs is part of: - Correct answer Career management Proposed an eight-stage life cycle model: - Correct answer Erik Erikson This stage begins in the late teenage years and is a time of searching for values and role models. - Correct answer Identity During the "identity" stage it is common to: - Correct answer Think about a variety of different career choices Intimacy and involvement are a part of what stage? - Correct answer Young adulthood Generativity: - Correct answer Developing something of value for other people Typical stages in career development include all of the following EXCEPT: Organizational entry Occupational preparation Retirement Mid-career - Correct answer Retirement True or False: Individuals can cycle through all five career stages several times in their lives. - Correct answer True Which of the following is a major task of mid-career? - Correct answer Remain productive in work Which of the following is NOT a major task of early career establishment and achievement? Learn organizational norms Fit into chosen occupation and organization Learn the job Develop occupational self-image - Correct answer Develop occupational self-image II: Have employees go from full-time to part-time and then eventually to retirement III: Hire retired employees on a contract basis - Correct answer I, II, and III Which of the following is NOT an issue faced by those who retire? Sense of purpose Pride in achievement Need to belong Territoriality - Correct answer Sense of purpose Self-management is an: - Correct answer Adjustment to being totally self- directed Because organizations are pyramid shaped: - Correct answer The further up you go, the fewer number of positions are available The term "career plateau" means: - Correct answer An employee's career can no longer go any higher than it already has gone Strategy used to get off career plateaus: Lateral moves Transfers International assignments All of the above - Correct answer All of the above The Federal Glass Ceiling mandate was to identify glass ceiling barriers that have blocked the advancement of: I: Minorities II: Women III: Men IV: Disabled - Correct answer I and II True or False: Most organizations believe neither that the glass ceiling is a real phenomenon nor that they exclude women and minorities from upper level positions. - Correct answer False As the Commission did its work, it determined that most business people believe the glass ceiling is a real phenomenon, that glass ceilings work to exclude qualified women and minorities from upper level positions in organizations, and that this exclusion worked to the detriment of organizational effectiveness. Designing a career plan that accommodates the organizations needs and initiate career development programs: - Correct answer Career development Which of the following is an example of career management? - Correct answer Focus on the organization What is the opposite of generativity? - Correct answer Stagnation The opposite of generativity is stagnation, which means producing nothing. During the stage of "maturity," you acquire _______. - Correct answer Ego integrity The eighth and final stage in Erikson's model is called "maturity." In this stage, a fully developed and healthy individual acquires a sense of "ego integrity" (vs. despair) wherein he or she is happy with the life lived, with the choices made, and the actions taken. Organizations experience a higher amount of turnover during what stage? - Correct answer Sixth The sixth stage is a time when young adults test out their early perceived occupational identities and start down an initial career path. Given the challenges at this stage of life, it is perhaps not surprising that organizations experience higher than average turnover among their youngest jobholders. Obtain job offers from desired organizations is at what stage of career development? - Correct answer Organizational entry Develop a broader view of work and organization is at what stage of career development? - Correct answer Mid-career Which of the following are NOT organizational-level information new employees need to know? Safety and accident prevention Specific job duties and responsibilities Employee and union relations Key policies and procedures - Correct answer Specific job duties and responsibilities Which of the following are NOT department-level information new employees need to know? Performance expectations Customer relations Policies, procedures, rules, and regulations Department role - Correct answer Customer relations Why is it bad for organizations to have orientation consisting of "talking heads", or of several people talking about particular information? Not as interactive Employee is a passive recipient Few opportunities to ask questions All of the above - Correct answer All of the above When employees face the decision to make a mini-transition or a major transition, organizations can help them by: I: Offering them new incentives for the current work II: Provide coaches or mentors III: Offer mid-career development workshops IV: Provide alternative career routes - Correct answer II and III Which of the following is NOT a stage in the Adult Renewal Cycle? Stuck in the doldrums Cocooning Organizational entry Go for it - Correct answer Organizational entry True or False: Employees going through their "down in the doldrums" stage of their career do not want to maintain their effectiveness at work. - Correct answer False During this time, it should not be forgotten that employees at this stage need—and want—to maintain their effectiveness at work, which means that training in new technology and upgrading of managerial skills may be necessary as well.