Trauma Assessment and Management, Exams of Nursing

Download Trauma Assessment and Management and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! HOSMERIT TNCC FINAL EXAM TEST 2024 OPEN BOOK UPDATE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS You are treating a 27-year old male in respiratory distress who was involved in a house fire. Calculating TBSA burned is deferred d/t the need for emergent intubation. At what rate should you begin fluid resuscitation? a. 1000 mL/hr b. 500 mL/hr c. 250 mL/hr d. 125 mL/hr B) 500 mL/hr A patient has been in the ED for several hours waiting to be admitted. He sustained multiple rib fractures and a femur fracture after a fall. He has been awake, alert, and c/o leg pain. His wife reported suddenly becoming anxious and confused. Upon reassessment, the patient is restless, with respiratory distress and petechiae to his neck. the patient is exhibiting signs of symptoms commonly associated with which of the following conditions? a. acute lung injury b. fat embolism c. PTX d. pulmonary contusion B) fat embolism Which pulse pressure description is an indication of early hypovolemic shock? a. widened b. narrowed c. bounding d. weak B) narrowed Which of the following considerations is most important when caring for a geriatric trauma patient? a. head to to exam b. medical history c. incontinence d. falls B) medical history Which of the following assessment findings differentiates a tension pneumothorax from a simple pneumothorax? a. increased work of breathing b. unilaterally diminished breath sounds c. pleuritic chest pain d. hypotension that worsens with inspiration D) hypotension that worsens with inspiration. Assessment findings associated with tension pneumothorax include anxiety, severe restlessness, severe respiratory distress, and absent breath sounds on the injured side. Hypotension due to compression of the heart and great vessels is consistent with obstructive shock. Hypotension worsens with inspiration due to increased intrathoracic pressure. Late signs include distended neck veins, tracheal deviation, and cyanosis. The nurse is caring for a 120 kg male is brought in after a warehouse fire and is calculating the patient's fluid resuscitation needs. He has painful red blistering to the entire surface of both upper extremities and superficial burns to the anterior chest. Using the modified Lund and Browder chart to calculate the total BSA burned, how much IV fluids would be administered in the first 8 hours? a. 2280 mL b. 3840 mL c. 4560 mL d. 7680 mL A) 2280 mL (upper arm 4+4 / lower arm 3+3 / hand 2.5+2.5) = 19% TBSA. 120 kg x (2 mL) x (19% TBSA) = 4560 mL 4560 / 2 (half of fluids given in first 8 hours) = 2280 mL Which of the following is a component of the trauma triad of death? a. Acidosis b. hyperthermia c. hemorrhage d. sepsis A) Acidosis hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy A 56-year- male patient involved in a MVC is brought to the ED of a rural critical access facility. He c/o neck pain, SOB, and diffuse abd pain. His GCS is 15. His vitals are as follows: BP 98/71 HR 125 beats/min RR 26 breaths/min Which of the following mnemonics can help the nurse prioritize care for a trauma patient with massive uncontrolled hemorrhage? a. ABC b. MARCH c. AVPU d. VIPP B) MARCH A patient arrives with a large open chest wound after being assaulted with a machete, Prehospital providers placed a nonporous dressing over the chest wound and tapes it on 3 sides. He is now showing signs of anxiety, restlessness, severe respiratory distress, cyanosis, and decreasing blood pressure. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate interventions? a. needle decompression b. tube thoracostomy c. dressing removal d. surgical repair C) dressing removal The trauma nurse knows that placing a bariatric patients in a "ramped position" provides better visualization during the insertion of which device? a. Intraosseous line b. orogastric tube c. ET tube *** d. urinary catheter C) ET tube You are caring for a patient who was involved in a MVA and is 32 weeks pregnant. Findings of your secondary survey include abd pain on palpation, fundal high at the costal margin, and some dark bloody show. Varying, accelerations and decelerations are noted on the cardiotocography. These findings are most consistent with which of the following? a. placental abruption b. preterm labor c. uterine rupture d. fetal demise A) placental abruption A passenger is brought to the emergency department of a rural hospital following a high- speed MVC. When significant abdominal and pelvic injuries are noted in the primary survey, which of the following is the priority interventions? a. initiate transfer to a trauma center b. provide report to the operating room nurse c. Obtained imaging studies d. Place a gastric tube A) initiate transfer to a trauma center A patient with a complete spinal cord injury in neurogenic shock will demonstrate hypotension and which other clinical signs? a. Bradycardia and ipsilateral absences of motor function b. Tachycardia and respiratory depression c. Tachycardia and absent motor function below the level of injury d. Bradycardia and absent motor function below the level of the injury D) Bradycardia and absent motor function below the level of the injury A 5-year old child presents to the ED with bruises to the upper arms and buttocks in various stages of healing and multiple small, clean, round burns to the back. There are no abnormalities found based on the pediatric assessment triangle or primary survey. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention? a. report your suspicion of the maltreatment in accordance with local regulations b. apply ice to the bruises and consult wound care c. engage in therapeutic communication to determine the MOI d. provide the family with injury prevention recourses A) report your suspicion of the maltreatment in accordance with local regulations Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure? a. Restlessness or drowsiness b. Nausea and vomiting c. Decreased respiratory effort d. Amnesia and anxiety C) Decreased respiratory effort A 20-year old male presents to the ED c/o severe lower abd pain after landing hard on the bicycle cross bars which performing an aerial BMX maneuver. Secondary assessment reveals lower abd tenderness and scrotal ecchymosis. Which of the following orders would the nurse questions? a. Fast exam b. CT scan c. straight cath for urine sample d. ice and elevation of the scrotum C) straight cath for urine sample Which of the following is possible complication of positive-pressure ventilation? a. worsening pneumothorax b. worsening flail chest c. reabsorption of pleural air d. negative intrapleural pressure A) worsening pneumothorax A patient is thrown against a car during a tornado and presents with obvious bilateral femoral fractures. The patient is pale, alert, disoriented, and has delayed cap refill. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for this patient based on the disaster triage principle? a. initiate two large bore intravenous lines for Ringers lactate solution administration b. Administer Dilaudid for pain control and provide comfort care c. Place the patient in an observation area for care within the next few hours d. Contact the command center for the personnel to notify next of kin. A) initiate two large bore intravenous lines for Ringers lactate solution administration During the primary survey of an unconscious patient with multi-system trauma, the nurse notes snoring respirations. Which priority nursing interventions should be performed next? a. open the airway with the head-tilt/chin lift maneuver b. auscultate bilateral breath sounds to assess ventilatory status c. assist respirations using a BVM d. insert an oropharyngeal airway if there is no gag reflex D) insert an oropharyngeal airway if there is no gag reflex Following a review of recent drills and a real disaster event, a hospital has identified deficiencies and is taking steps to minimize the impact of future disaster. Which phase of the disaster life cycle does this describe? a. mitigation b. preparedness c. response d. recovery A) mitigation A patient is found lying on the floor after falling 13 hours ago. Which of the following lab values is expected with a musculoskeletal complication associated with this presentation? a. elevated creatine kinase b. decreased potassium level c. decreased WBC d. elevated GFR A) elevated creatine kinase Caregivers carry a 2-year old into the ED who fell out of 2nd story window. The patient is awake and crying with increased work of breathing and pale skin. which of the following interventions has the highest priority? b. mass c. velocity d. inertia C) velocity What bedside monitoring parameters are used to assess for adequacy of oxygenation and effectiveness of ventilation? a. pulse oximetry and capnogaphy ** b. respiratory rate and capnography c. pulse oximetry and respiratory rate d. capnography and capnometry A) pulse oximetry and capnogaphy An unresponsive trauma patient has an oropharyngeal airway in place, shallow and labored respiratory, and dusky skin. the trauma team has administered medications for drug assisted intubation and attempted intubation but was unsuccessful. What is the most appropriate immediate next step? a. Ventilate with a BVM b. Prepare for cricothyroidotomy c. administer reversal medications d. contact anesthesia for assistance A) Ventilate with a BVM Patients with a crush injury should be monitored for which of the following conditions? a. Hypernatremia b. Hypercalcemia c. Dysrhythmias d. polyuria C) Dysrhythmias The most reassuring finding for a male patient with hop pain after a fall is which of the following? a. a normal prostate exam b. absence of abdominal distension c. a normal fast exam d. pelvic stability D) pelvic stability Which of the following is an expected finding in a patient with a thoracostomy connected to a chest drainage system? a. output of 200 mL/hr b. tubing clamp closed for transport c. dependent loops in the tubing to promote drainage d. fluctuations in the water serial chamber D) fluctuations in the water serial chamber What finding raises suspicion of complete spinal cord injury? a. Weakness in the lower extremities b. Priapism c. voluntary anal sphincter tone d. intact reflexes distal to the injury B) Priapism A 49-year old restrained driver involved in a MVC presents to the trauma center c/o abd, pelvic, and bil lower extremity pain Vitals signs are stable. The nurse can anticipate all of these negative fast exam except which of the following? a. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage b. Serial FAST exams c. Abdominal and pelvic CT scans d. Serial abdominal assessments A) diagnostic peritoneal lavage The FAST exam is done at the bedside to identify pathological fluid in the abdominal and pelvic cavities. FAST exams reduce the use of more invasive diagnostic peritoneal lavage and can be repeated if clinical changes or hemodynamic changes occur. A negative FAST study does not rule out injury and may warrant a follow-up computed tomography scan. Serial FAST exams can identify increasing abdominal fluid collections from hemorrhage. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage/diagnostic peritoneal aspiration is performed by the surgical team to rapidly identify the presence of hemorrhage in patients who are hemodynamically unstable after trauma.