Trauma Assessment and Management, Exams of Public Health

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Block 4 WCEMT EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? back soles of feet scalp ears - answer>>>ears

which of the following organs or structures does not reside within the mediastinum esophagus trachea lungs vena cavae - answer>>>lungs

A sign of kidney damage after blunt trauma is: Select one: A. hematuria. B. hemoptysis. C. hematochezia. D. hematemesis. - answer>>>A. hematuria

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will most likely cause:

Select one: A. diffuse bruising. B. nausea or vomiting. C. distention. D. referred pain. - answer>>>C. distention

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, except the: Select one: A. ureters. B. bladder. C. spleen. D. stomach. - answer>>>C. spleen

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: Select one: A. vital signs should be monitored frequently. B. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated. C. the EMT must perform a thorough exam. D. prompt transport to the hospital is essential. - answer>>>D. prompt transport to the hospital is essential

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen after blunt trauma is mostsuggestive of injury to the: Select one: A. kidney. B. stomach. C. liver. D. spleen. - answer>>>C. liver.

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of: Select one: A. rapid vehicle deceleration. B. failure to wear seat belts. C. airbag deployment. D. a poorly placed lap belt. - answer>>>D. a poorly placed lap belt.

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles to ease pain is called: Select one: A. guarding. B. flexing. C. withdrawing. D. referring. - answer>>>A. guarding.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is mostindicative of a ruptured: Select one: A. stomach. B. aorta. C. spleen. D. diaphragm. - answer>>>D. diaphragm.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of: Select one: A. rupture of a hollow organ. B. a severe liver laceration. C. a ruptured spleen. D. intra-abdominal bleeding. - answer>>>D. intra-abdominal bleeding.

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: Select one: A. localized pain. B. gross distention. C. red areas of skin.

D. dark purple marks. - answer>>>C. red areas of skin.

Peritonitis usually occurs when: Select one: A. bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. B. the vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed. C. solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma. D. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents. - answer>>>D. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: Select one: A. might decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart. B. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort. C. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full. D. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression. - answer>>>A. might decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

The mesentery is: Select one: A. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines. B. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

C. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. D. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. - answer>>>B. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury: Select one: A. indicates a state of decompensated shock. B. is most commonly caused by severe pain. C. should be assumed to be a sign of shock. D. is always accompanied by hypotension. - answer>>>C. should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: Select one: A. the abdomen will become instantly distended. B. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. C. it commonly protrudes through the injury site. D. peritonitis might not develop for several hours. - answer>>>D. peritonitis might not develop for several hours.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should: Select one:

A. include a description of the suspected perpetrator. B. include the results of the internal vaginal exam. C. avoid speculation and document only factual data. D. theorize as to why the sexual assault occurred. - answer>>>C. avoid speculation and document only factual data.

Which of the following organs is at most risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? Select one: A. Pancreas B. Fallopian tubes C. Liver or spleen D. Urinary bladder - answer>>>D. Urinary bladder

Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured? Select one: A. Stomach B. Intestine C. Bladder D. Liver - answer>>>D. Liver

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct? Select one:

A. Hollow abdominal organs are vascular and bleed profusely when injured. B. Most of the vital abdominal organs lie within the retroperitoneal space. C. The liver is well protected and is rarely injured during a traumatic event. D. The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding. - answer>>>D. The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct? Select one: A. It should be assessed for by vigorously palpating the abdomen. B. It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly. C. The absence of rebound tenderness rules out intra-abdominal injury. D. Rebound tenderness is a specific sign found with a spleen injury. - answer>>>B. It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly.

A ____ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is a partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments - answer>>>sprain

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a ______ fracture - answer>>>pathologic

A(n) _____ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and might lead to bone growth abnormalities - answer>>>epiphyseal

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when - answer>>>muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma

Bone marrow produces - answer>>>blood cells

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, except:

guarding swelling ecchymosis deformity - answer>>>deformity

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? a) if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain b) if a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity c) when distal circulation and neurological functions are absent d) if transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes - answer>>>a) if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe? a) open fractures of a long bone

b) nondisplaced pelvic fracture c) an amputation of an extremity d) multiple closed long bone fractures - answer>>>b) nondisplaced pelvic fracture

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as ____ muscle - answer>>>striated

skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: - answer>>>tendons

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called: - answer>>>traction

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the: - answer>>>clavicle

The musculoskeletal system refers to the - answer>>>The bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the: - answer>>>femur

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to: - answer>>>leave the toes exposed

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock

hip femur humerus pelvis - answer>>>pelvis

How soon does compartment syndrome develop after an injury - answer>>>6-12 hours

What is true about striated muscle - answer>>>it forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint

which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

heart skeleton diaphragm blood vessels - answer>>>

which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain? - answer>>>skeletal

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in: - answer>>>barometric pressure

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: - answer>>>the diver hold his or her breath during rapid ascent

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when: - answer>>>a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically: - answer>>>superficial

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

dry tongue and thirst nausea tachycardia hot,dry skin - answer>>>hot, dry skin

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. - answer>>>head

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: A. temporary survival after submersion in water.

B. death from suffocation after submersion in water. C. water in the lungs following submersion in water. D. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. - answer>>>B. death from suffocation after submersion in water

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they - answer>>>exhibit poor thermoregulation

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by: - answer>>>radiation

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through: - answer>>>evaporation

The diving reflex might allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to: - answer>>>bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is: - answer>>>abdominal or joint pain

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called: - answer>>>convection

The two most efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are - answer>>>sweating and vasodilation

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: - answer>>>nervous system

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer: - answer>>>into the patient's rectum

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: - answer>>>conduction

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation - answer>>>local swelling and ecchymosis

which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct - answer>>>patients with a submersion injury might deteriorate rapidly because of pulmonary injury and cerebral hypoxia

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct? - answer>>>lightning strikes might cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will most likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: - answer>>>is ejected or partially ejected

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she: - answer>>>has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 and a MOI attributed to trauma

Airbags are designed to - answer>>>decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: - answer>>>Identify contact points and predict potential injuries

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

height of the fall speed of the fall primary impact point surface struck - answer>>>speed of the fall

Force acting over a distance is the definition of: - answer>>>word

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: - answer>>>suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level 1 trauma center must: - answer>>>have surgeons in-house 24 hours a day

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: - answer>>>the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include - answer>>>coughing up blood

The energy of a moving object is called: - answer>>>kinetic energy

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: - answer>>>your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as - answer>>>cavitation

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: - answer>>>osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall

When assessing the interior of a motor vehicle for damage. you are gathering information regarding the - answer>>>Mechanism of injury

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: - answer>>>quadruples

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should - answer>>>avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma:

steering wheel collapse deployment of the airbag intrusion into the vehicle dismounted seats - answer>>>deployment of the airbag

What intervention is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with a multisystem trauma?

• answer>>>rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following would most likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash:

intrathoracic hemorrhage collapsed dashboard caved-in passenger door deformed steering wheel - answer>>>deformed steering wheel

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh. - answer>>>1 L

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if: - answer>>>the body's temp is considerable less than 98.6 F (37 C)

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma: - answer>>>is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

Capillaries link the arterioles and the: - answer>>>venules

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: - answer>>>pain and distention

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because: - answer>>>veins are under a lower pressure

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with - answer>>>hematemesis

Hypoperfusion is another name for - answer>>>shock

Hypovolemic shock occurs when - answer>>>low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: - answer>>>dizziness upon standing

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: - answer>>>weakness or dizziness

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by - answer>>>splinting the extremity

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: - answer>>>applying local direct pressure

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the: - answer>>>circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. - answer>>>20%

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

• answer>>>how rapidly he or she bleeds

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

MOI

systolic BP signs&symptoms general appearance - answer>>>systolic BP

Which of the following body systems is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen Adequate blood in the vasculature An intact system of blood vessels An effectively pumping heart - answer>>>the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2-3 hours?

heart kidneys brain skeletal muscle - answer>>>skeletal muscle

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding

air splint sling and swathe cardboard splint vacuum splint - answer>>>air splint

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: - answer>>>superficial burn

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n): - answer>>>contusion

A hematoma develops when: - answer>>>large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

A partial-thickness burn involved the outer layer of the skin and a portion of the: - answer>>>dermal layer

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except:

mouth nose lips anus - answer>>>lips

An abdominal evisceration - answer>>>occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n): - answer>>>avulsion

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:

immobilization of the injury protection from further injury prevention of contamination control of external hemorrhage - answer>>>immobilization of the injury

Functions of the skin include all of the following, except:

sending information to the brain the production of key antibodies regulation of body temperature maintenance of water balance - answer>>>the production of key antibodies

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is: - answer>>>infection

In addition to severe bleeding, the most life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: - answer>>>an air embolism

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human: A. is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner. B. typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading. C. carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses. D. is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection. - answer>>>carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body? - answer>>>epidermis

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is most important to - answer>>>remain alert for more severe underlying injuries

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should: - answer>>>brush away the chemical before flushing with water

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should: - answer>>>avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 36-year-old patient:

superficial burn covering 50% BSA full-thickness burn to 5% BSA Partial thickness burn to 20% BSA Circumferential partial thickness burn to the chest - answer>>>circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

What is the Rule of nines in burn injuries? - answer>>>Anterior torso - 18% Posterior torso - 18% Arms - 9% each Legs - 18% each Head - 9% Genitals 1%

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: - answer>>>assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with: - answer>>>direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because: - answer>>>of the risk of airway problems

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

• answer>>>such injuries can affect the respiratory system

The Adam's apple is - answer>>>the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the: - answer>>>lacrimal glands

the cricoid cartilage - answer>>>is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea

The eyeball itself is referred to as the: - answer>>>globe

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the: - answer>>>conjunctiva

lower jaw bone - answer>>>mandible

The mastoid process is located: - answer>>>1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear