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A collection of questions and answers related to turf 235 exam 1. It covers various aspects of turfgrass science, including morphology, physiology, and cultural practices. Useful for students preparing for the exam, but it lacks detailed explanations and context.
Typology: Exams
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A rhizome is more than just a stem in that it contains a series of alternately scalelike leaves called - ✔️ ✔️ Cataphylls
A shoot is a portion of a plant in which the leaves and ______ form an integrated unit - ✔️ ✔️ stems
A stem-like segment which protrudes up from the callus is the - ✔️ ✔️ rachilla
A steppe is wtter/dryer than a desert - ✔️ ✔️ Wetter
A climate in which average temperatures are at least 50*F for 4-7 months - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate
A climate in which average temperatures are at least 50*F for 8-11 months - ✔️ ✔️ Subtropical
A climate which is essentially frost free and has average temperatuers above 50* F for every month of the year is - ✔️ ✔️ Tropical
A climatic type with cold winters and warm summers is ____ - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate- contiental
A double layer of cells form the bundle sheath in ________ turfgrasses - ✔️ ✔️ pooid
A flowering shoot contains an elongated stem called a - ✔️ ✔️ culm
A flowering shoot is said to be in the ________ stage of growth - ✔️ ✔️ reproductive
A grass flower and its associated floral bracts together form the - ✔️ ✔️ floret
A limatic type with mild winters and cool summers is - _______ - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate- oceanic
A measure of the amount of aerial shoots remaining after mowing is - ✔️ ✔️ verdure
A measure of the number of aerial shoots per unit area is called - ✔️ ✔️ Density
A measure of the width of the leaf blades is - ✔️ ✔️ texture
A pollen tube grows thrugh the style and into the _____________ within the ovary - ✔️ ✔️ ovule
_____________ Meristems are located at the bases of leaves and stem internodes - ✔️ ✔️ Intercalary
A _______________ codition exists when the seedling is entirely dependent upon the seedds food reserves - ✔️ ✔️ heterotropic
A band of suberin that impedes apoplastic movement of materials into the stele is called the _____________ - ✔️ ✔️ Casparian Strip
A climate in which average temperatures are at least 50* F for 1-3 months _______ - ✔️ ✔️ Subartic
A surface feature of a turf that affects visual quality and playability is - ✔️ ✔️ smoothness
A thin,transparent, waxy layer covering the entire leave surface is called the - ✔️ ✔️ cuticle
Above-ground horizontally growing shoots are called - ✔️ ✔️ stolons
Above-ground, lateral shoots growing away from the mother plant are - ✔️ ✔️ stolons
All grasses are members of a sinle family of plants called the - ✔️ ✔️ poacea
Along the northwestern coast of the U.S., a _____ climatic type exists - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate-oceanic
An estimate of the even appearance of a turf is - ✔️ ✔️ uniformity
An example of a disaccharide is - ✔️ ✔️ sucrose
An interconnecting community of turfgrasses and the soil adgering to their roots and other belowground organs is called: - ✔️ ✔️ turf
An measure of the light reflected by turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ color
Annual bleugrass responds best to the following cultural program - ✔️ ✔️ mowing at .5", N at 3lbs/kft2, and frequent irrigation
Annual bluegrass differs from Kentucky bluegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ longer pointed ligule and bunch type or stoloniferous growth habit
Annual bluegrass is best adapted for use as - ✔️ ✔️ Golf Turf for pitching and putting
Annual bluegrass is distinguished by the folllowing features - ✔️ ✔️ long pointed ligule, boat shaped leaf tip, dull abaxial
Annual ryegrass can be distinguished from perennial ryegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ long slender awn
Annualk bluegrass is best adapted to - ✔️ ✔️ moist soild of moderate fertility and lighty shaded microclimates
As a rhizome grows to a positions near the surface, internod elongation ceases in response to - ✔️ ✔️ Light
Asexual reporducion by which seed are produced without the fusion of male and female gametes is called - ✔️ ✔️ apoximis
At higher mowing heights, the same genotype will often have more/less verdure - ✔️ ✔️ more
At the lower end of the spikelet are two bracts called - ✔️ ✔️ glumes
Auricles on annual ryegrass are - ✔️ ✔️ long,pointed
Below-ground, lateral shoots growing away from the mother plant are - ✔️ ✔️ rhizomes
Bermudagrasses are members of the ______ subfamily - ✔️ ✔️ chloridoid
Birmingham, AL has a _____ climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Subtropical-Humid
Both reduce root growth and a loss of root structure is most likely in perennial type annual bluegrass during - ✔️ ✔️ summer stressed
Climates in which evaporation exceeds Precipitation are called ________. - ✔️ ✔️ Dry
Climates in which precipitation exceeds evaporaation are distinguished by _______ - ✔️ ✔️ Temperature
Compared with fescue, a ryegrass floret is more - ✔️ ✔️ Larger, appears to have a wide apex, rectangular appearance
Compared with ryegrass, the rachilla in a fescue floret is - ✔️ ✔️ has a more narrow cylindrical rachilla, the upper end is circular in outline
Comparing bluegrass florets, the one with basal pubescense is - ✔️ ✔️ poa trivialis, rough bluegrass
Cool-Season grasses are typically __________ day plants in that flwoering only occuurs after exposure to day lengths __________ than a critical number of hours - ✔️ ✔️ longer/greater
Cool-season turfgrasses are generally adapted to temperate and ____ Climates - ✔️ ✔️ subartic
Diffusion of materials through pores within the cortex cell walls is called _____________ movement - ✔️ ✔️ Apoplastic
Diffusion of materials through the living cortex cells is capped - ✔️ ✔️ Symplastic
During germination, the sheath of translucent tissue that ermeges above the soil surface is called the - ✔️ ✔️ coleoptile
El Paso, Texas has a ______ climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Arid
Excessively high yields may indicate excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer along with often accompanying reductions in rooting, stress tolerance, and - ✔️ ✔️ disease resistance
Favorable tiimes for intensive core cultivation of annual bluegrass greens include - ✔️ ✔️ D
Following emergence of a new leaf, the ___________ unfords or unrolls - ✔️ ✔️ lamina
For a perennial type of annual bluegrass, there are ___ indentifiable phenological stages - ✔️ ✔️ 8
Formation of grass inflorescences begins with __________ of the plant - ✔️ ✔️ maturation
Given the Latin name binomial Poa pratensis L., what is the best explanation - ✔️ ✔️ Poa is the genus, pratensis is the species, and L is the authority
Grass "seed" harvested from the inflorescences of flwoering frass plants are actually maturess - ✔️ ✔️ florets
Grass flowers are enclosed within two floral bracts known as the - ✔️ ✔️ Lemma and glume
High rate of photorespiration are likely to occur under - ✔️ ✔️ high temperatures, high light intensities, and high oxygen concentrations
Identify the climatic type of Aukland, New Zealand (abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Cf
Identify the climatic type of Bonn, Germany (abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Dc
Identify the climatic type of Durban, South Africa - ✔️ ✔️ Cf
Identify the climatic type of London, England (use abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Do
Identify the climatic type of Melbborune, Australia (abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Cf
If seeds are buried too deeply in the soil, their food reserves may become deplted, resulting in seedling _______________ - ✔️ ✔️ mortality
Important turfrasses currenty occur within ____ of the subfamilies - ✔️ ✔️ 3
In the embryons of cool-season turfgrasses, the mesocotyle internode is - ✔️ ✔️ absent
In the latin name for buffalograss (Boutelous gracillis [K.B.K] Lag. Ex Steud.), the "ex" means that: - ✔️ ✔️ Lagasca first proposed the bame but Steudel later provided the valid description
In the trinomial Latin name of the grass Poa pratensis L. "Baron, the "Baron" part represents which of the following - ✔️ ✔️ cultivar
In the US, the northeastern states have a _______ climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate- continental
In warm season grasses, germination of seed located below the soil surface may be associated with elongation of an internode called the - ✔️ ✔️ mesocotyl
In warm season tuf grasses the first stable intermediary in the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide is - ✔️ ✔️ OAA
Indiacte whether warm- or cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Dublin, Ireland - ✔️ ✔️ Cool
Indiacte whether warm- or cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Moscow,Russia - ✔️ ✔️ Cool
Indicate whether warm or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Mobile, AL - ✔️ ✔️ warm season
Indicate whether warm- cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Hong Kong - ✔️ ✔️ warm season
Indicate whether warm- cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Johannesberg, SA - ✔️ ✔️ Warm Season
Indicate whether warm- or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Bogata, Columbia - ✔️ ✔️ warm season
Indicate whether warm- or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Jakarta, Indonesia - ✔️ ✔️ warm season
Indicate whether warm- or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Quebec, Canada - ✔️ ✔️ Cool
Indicate whether warm-or cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Mexico City - ✔️ ✔️ warm season
Indicate whether warm, or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Sidney, Australia - ✔️ ✔️ warm season
Just inside the seed coast is a thin, proteinaceous material that plays an important role in germinationl this is called the __________ - ✔️ ✔️ aleurone layer
Kentuck blegrass is best adapted to - ✔️ ✔️ moist soiles of moderate fetility and sunny microclimates
Kentucky bluegrass differes from rough bluegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ shorter ligule, dull abaxial, parallel sided leaf blades
Kentucky bluegrass is best adapted for use as - ✔️ ✔️ lawn turf for recreateion and landscape
Kentucky bluegrass is distinguised by the following feathures - ✔️ ✔️ rhizomatus growth,smooth adaxial, folded veration
Kentucky bluegrass respons best to the following cultural program - ✔️ ✔️ mowing at 1.5", N fertilization at 4lbs/kft2, and moderate irrigation
LA has a _________climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Subtopical-Dry-Summer
Large cells that, when fully expanded wirth water, pen leaf blades are called - ✔️ ✔️ bulliform
Leaf hairs varying in size and density among turfgrass species are called - ✔️ ✔️ trichomes
Leaves that use all of the photoassimilates they produce to sustain their own growth are
Leaves with the highest photosynthetic rate that contribute to the growth of other plant organs are - ✔️ ✔️ Fully Expanded
Mid-spring development of seed heads in perennial-type annual bluegrass can be inhibited with applications of - ✔️ ✔️ ethephon (proxy) and mefluidide (embark) and trinexapac-ethyl (Primo Maxx)
Most root growth of cool season grasses occurs in ____________ - ✔️ ✔️ Spring and Fall
Most root growth of warm season turfgrasses occurs in the ________months - ✔️ ✔️ Summer
New leaves appear initially as small protuberances called leaf - ✔️ ✔️ Primordia
New turfgrasses leaves arise from their respective - ✔️ ✔️ Growing Point
Nitrogen fertilization should be avoided on annual bluegrass greens include - ✔️ ✔️ D
On a turfgrass seed label, the "percent crop seed" refers to - ✔️ ✔️ grass seed other than desired variety
one type of grgass inflorescence is the - ✔️ ✔️ Spike
Openings in leaves through which gaseous exchange takes palce are called - ✔️ ✔️ stomates
Orlanda, Florida has a _______ climate type - ✔️ ✔️ Humid subrtopical (Cfa)
Perennial ryegras is not well adapted for - ✔️ ✔️ planting golf course fairways in warm climated
Reduction of PGA to PHAL requires NADPH from the light dependent/interdependent reaction of photosynthesis - ✔️ ✔️ A
Rhizomes, as well as stolons, are lateral shoots that arise from the stem's - ✔️ ✔️ axillary buds
Root hairs arise only from the tricoblasts in __________ grasses - ✔️ ✔️ Pooideae
Roots arising from stems nodes in a mature turfgrass community are called - ✔️ ✔️ adventitous
Roots that develop directly from the embryo are called - ✔️ ✔️ Seminal
Roots that develop during seed germination are called - ✔️ ✔️ seminal
Rough bluegrass differs from annual bluegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ glossy abaxial and tapering leaf blades
Rough bluegrass is best adapted for use as - ✔️ ✔️ Winter turf on overseeded bermuda grasses is subtropical climated
Rough bluegrass is best adapted to - ✔️ ✔️ wet soils of moderate fertility and moderately shaded
Rough bluegrass is distinguished by the following features - ✔️ ✔️ soloniferous growth, glossy abaxial, folded vernation
Rough bluegrass responds best to the following cultural program - ✔️ ✔️ mowing at .5", N at 4lbs/kft2, and frequent irrigation
Senescense begins at the __________ of the leaves - ✔️ ✔️ Tip
Seperating the stele from the cortex is a layer of specialized cells called the _______ endodermis - ✔️ ✔️ Endodermis
Some warm-season turfgrasses belong to the ______ subfamily - ✔️ ✔️ panicoid
Specialized epidermal cells that give rise to root hairs that greatly increase the root's absorptive capacity are called - ✔️ ✔️ Tricoblasts
Spikelets are borne on the plant in a grouping called - ✔️ ✔️ inflorescense
Spikelets have one to several fertile florets in these turfgrasses - ✔️ ✔️ pooids and chloridoids
Storage of photoassimilates occurs principally in the - ✔️ ✔️ Crowns
The "latin Binmoial" refers to the latin name of the ____ and ____ of a plant - ✔️ ✔️ genus & species
The "seed" contained in a bag of turfgrass seed are actually - ✔️ ✔️ florets
The "trinomial" may also include the name of the _______ - ✔️ ✔️ cultivar
The "true seed" is surrounded by a remnant of the ovary wall called the - ✔️ ✔️ pericarp
The abaxial leaf of perennial ryegrass is [keeled/flat] - ✔️ ✔️ keeled
The abaxial leaf of tall fescue is [strongly keeled/essentially flat] - ✔️ ✔️ essentially flat
The abaxial leaf surface of kentucky bluegrass is [dull/glossy] - ✔️ ✔️ dull
The abaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass is - ✔️ ✔️ glossy
The abaxial leaf surface of rough bluegrass is [dull/glossy] - ✔️ ✔️ glossy
The abaxial leaf surface of rough bluegrass is [dull/glossy] - ✔️ ✔️ glossy
The adaxial leaf surface of creeping bentgrass is [ridged/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridged
The adaxial leaf surface of Kentucky Bluegrass is [ridgid/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ smooth
The adaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass is [ridgid/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridgid
The adaxial leaf surface of red fescue is [ridged/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridged
The adaxial leaf surface of tall fescue is [ridged/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridged
The aleuron layer surrounds the - ✔️ ✔️ Endosperm
The availablity of carbohydrates to support the vegetative growth of perennial-type annual bluegrasses is most limiting during which phenological stage - ✔️ ✔️ Mid-spring seed-head pulse
The base of the blade of some grasses extends into appendages called - ✔️ ✔️ auricles
The basic unit of the inflorescence is the - ✔️ ✔️ Spikelet
The bentgrass species with the smallest florets is - ✔️ ✔️ argostis canina : Velvet bentgrass
The biotye of annual luegrass is least likely to survive summer condtitions is the - ✔️ ✔️ "wild"
The bluegrass species in which the lemma is widened above the middle of the floret is - ✔️ ✔️ poa compressa: canada bluegrass
The byproducts of Photosystem II include several molecules of : - ✔️ ✔️ ATP
The capacity of a turf to asborb shock without altering its surface characteristics is called: r - ✔️ ✔️ resillency
The capacity of turfgrasses to recover from damage casued by disease organisms, insects, and traffic is called: - ✔️ ✔️ recuperative capacity
The continetal versus oceanic climatic types are used for a ________ climate - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate
The cool-season turfgrasses are usually refered to as the ___ grasses - ✔️ ✔️ pooid
The culm internodes of warm-season turfgrasses are typically - ✔️ ✔️ solid
The dried fruti of a grass plant is called a - ✔️ ✔️ caryopsis
The endosperm is formed following the uniting of _____________ nuclei - ✔️ ✔️ 1 sperm and 2 polar
The environmental adaptation of cool-season turfgrasses is limited by the intensity and duration of ______ and _______ stresses - ✔️ ✔️ heat & drought
The father of plant taxonomy is - ✔️ ✔️ Linnaeus
The female portion of the flower consits of a single - ✔️ ✔️ Pistil
The first structural development evident during germination is enlargemnet of the ______________ via cell elongation - ✔️ ✔️ Coleorhiza
The five-carbon receptor molecule that fixes to atmospheric carbon dioxide is called - ✔️ ✔️ RUBp
The flattened, upper portion of the leaf is called the - ✔️ ✔️ blade
The flowering Portion of the grass shoot is called the - ✔️ ✔️ Inflorescence
The folded or rolled, lower portion of the leaf is called a _____ - ✔️ ✔️ sheath
The food supply for sustaining this plant during germination and early deverlopment is called the - ✔️ ✔️ Endosperm
The formation and elevation of the inflorescence is called - ✔️ ✔️ development
The germination process begins with the absorption of water by the seed resulting in the production of _________ enzymes - ✔️ ✔️ Hydrolitic
The humid verus dry-summer climatic types are used for a ______ climate - ✔️ ✔️ Subtropical
The largest component of a floret is the - ✔️ ✔️ lemma
The leaf tip of annual fluegrass is ______ - ✔️ ✔️ boat shaped
The leaf tip of centipede grass is - ✔️ ✔️ pointed
The leaf tip of creeeping bentgrass is - ✔️ ✔️ pointed
The leaf tip of St. Augustinegrass is ______ - ✔️ ✔️ tapered and rounded
The life of individual tiller sis usually not more than one - ✔️ ✔️ Year
The ligule of tall fescue is - ✔️ ✔️ short, membbranous,truncate
The ligule on bermudagrass is - ✔️ ✔️ short, hairy, truncate
The ligule on rough bluegrass is - ✔️ ✔️ long, membranous, pointed
The ligules on panicoid grasses are typically - ✔️ ✔️ membranous
The likelihood that inflorescences formed in turf will yield viable seed is generally low, as maturaion is interupted under regular - ✔️ ✔️ mowing
The lodicules swell, pushing the lemma and palea apart at - ✔️ ✔️ at the anthesis
The loosely arranged cells occupying most of the volume of a leaf are called - ✔️ ✔️ mesophyll
The lowermost organs of the flower that function in opening the flroet to expose the flower at athesis are called - ✔️ ✔️ Not A
The male portion of the flower is composed of three - ✔️ ✔️ Stamens
The measure of clippings removed with mowing is called - ✔️ ✔️ yield
The minimum ______ temperature is the lowest of the cardinal temperatures for turfgrasses - ✔️ ✔️ survival
The mobile form of carbohydrates that is easily transported from leaves to roots is - ✔️ ✔️ Sucrose
The more competiive turfgrass during summer stressed growth is annual bluegrass/creeping bentgrass - ✔️ ✔️ creeping
The name of the person resposible for identifying a species is abbreviated in the __________ - ✔️ ✔️ authority
The oldest portion of a leaf is the _____ - ✔️ ✔️ Tip
The one turfgrass genus that lacks a rachilla is - ✔️ ✔️ bentgrass
The optimum growth temperature range for cool-season turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ 60 - 75
The optimum growth temperature range for warm seas turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ 80 - 95
The photosynthetic cycle ocurring only in warm-season turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ C
The production of a flowering stimulus under certain day lengths is called ______________________- - ✔️ ✔️ induction
The rate at which new leaves appear is influenced by three factors: genotype, climatic and - ✔️ ✔️ Fertility
The reason the C3 photosynthetic cycle is called this name is because - ✔️ ✔️ the first stable intermediary formed is a three carbon molecule
The region of cell division located directly ahead of each node along lateral shoots is called the ______________ - ✔️ ✔️ Intercalary Meristem
The resistance of the turfgrass leaves to compression is - ✔️ ✔️ rigidity
The Rhizome tip is actually a series of conical leave that encloses the - ✔️ ✔️ Growing Point
The rhizome tip is pushed through the soil primarily by elongation of the - ✔️ ✔️ Internodes
the Seasonal root growth pattern evident in perrial type annual bluegrass is - ✔️ ✔️ Trimodal
The shortest interval between the apearance of succesive leaves occurs under optimum temperatures and ______ light - ✔️ ✔️ High
The storage form of carbohydrates in cool-season turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ fructans
The structure at the junction of the two leaf portions on the adaxial side is a - ✔️ ✔️ ligule
The structure at the junction of the two leaf potions on the abaxial side is a - ✔️ ✔️ collar
The subtypes a and b are used within temperate and ____ climates only - ✔️ ✔️ subtropical
The surface layer of cells in a turgrass leaf form the - ✔️ ✔️ epidermis
The tendency of the turfgrass leaves to spring back once a compressing force is removed is - ✔️ ✔️ elasticity
The three organs of the turfgrass plant are leaves, stems and - ✔️ ✔️ roots
The time interval, in days, between the appearance of succesive leaves is the - ✔️ ✔️ Plastochron
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is termed - ✔️ ✔️ pollination
The transformation of the stem apex from a vegetative to a flowering axis is called _______________ - ✔️ ✔️ initiation
The turfgrass genus in which the spikelet has only one floret is called - ✔️ ✔️ bentgrass
the two empty floral bracts at the base of the spikelet is called the - ✔️ ✔️ Glumes
The two floral bracts contained in a floret are the - ✔️ ✔️ lemma and palea
The vernation on creeping bentgrass is [folded/rolled] - ✔️ ✔️ rolled
The vernation on Kentucky bluegrass is [folded/rolled] - ✔️ ✔️ folded
The view of a floret in which the palea is exposed is the - ✔️ ✔️ "front view" under directions on page 2
The wet versus wet-and-dry climatic types are used for a _____ climate - ✔️ ✔️ Tropical
These enzymes are produced in response to hormones produced in the embyro called - ✔️ ✔️ Gibberellins
This root's meristematic region is protected by an enshrouding root - ✔️ ✔️ Cap
Three phases of the C3 photosynthetic cycle are - ✔️ ✔️ carboxylation,reduction,regeneration
Which turfgrass genus is entirely awnless - ✔️ ✔️ bluegrass
With the initiation of photosynthesis, the seedling soon becomes independent of the seed's food reserves and is said to be - ✔️ ✔️ autotrophic
With the same genotype and mowing height, verdure is directly proportional to - ✔️ ✔️ density
Withing the grass family, there are 6 subfamilies, 25 tribes, 600 genera and _____ Species - ✔️ ✔️ 7500
Withing the seed is a miniature plant called the _________ - ✔️ ✔️ Endosperm
Tillers formed in the fall may be important for _______________ growth - ✔️ ✔️ Spring
Turfgrass caryopses from largest to smallest are: - ✔️ ✔️ fescue,bluegrass,bentgrass
Turgrasses spread by belowground shoots are said to have a ______ growth habit - ✔️ ✔️ rhizomatous
Turgrasses spread primarily or exclusiverly by tillering are said to have a _____ growth habait - ✔️ ✔️ bunch type
Unelongated stems located at the bases of aerial shoots are called - ✔️ ✔️ Crowns
Until it has developed several leaves, a new tiller is dependent on the parent shoot for _____________ - ✔️ ✔️ Nutrients
Warm-Season grasses are predominately _______-day plants requiring day lengthhs ______ than a critical number of hours - ✔️ ✔️ shorter/shorter
Warm-season turfgrasses are used primarily in _______ and tropical areas - ✔️ ✔️ Subtoropical
When the intermediate nerves on the lemma are not visible, the lemma is said to be - ✔️ ✔️ 3 nerved
When the surface layer of a turf is harvested for transplating, it is called: - ✔️ ✔️ sod
Where are arid and semiarid climates occur within temparate and subartic zone, the lower-case suffix ___ is attached - ✔️ ✔️ k
Where are arid and semiarid climates occur within tropical and subtropical zone, the lower-case suffix ___ is attached - ✔️ ✔️ h
Where rooting is shallow or largely confined to a thatch layer, problems can be anticipated, especially during periods of - ✔️ ✔️ stress
Where the soil is severly compacted, inadequate respiratory energy may limit the transport of nutrients and water due to a deficiency of - ✔️ ✔️ oxygen
Which of the following turfgrases are all in the subfamily Pooideae - ✔️ ✔️ bent,blue, fescue
Which of the following turfgrasses are all in the subfamily Pooidae - ✔️ ✔️ bent,blue, fescue
The principal stems that occur in turfgrasses are ______________ as well as those associated with rhizomes, stolons, and flowers. - ✔️ ✔️ Crowns
The process by which lateral shoots break through the enclosing leaf sheaths is called ___________ brnaching - ✔️ ✔️ Extravaginal
The process by which new tillers emerge from axillary buds is called _____________ branching - ✔️ ✔️ Intravaginal
The process in whyich oxygen substitute for carbon dioxide in the formation of PGA is called - ✔️ ✔️ photospiration