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Turf 235 Exam 1: Questions and Answers, Exams of Advanced Education

A collection of questions and answers related to turf 235 exam 1. It covers various aspects of turfgrass science, including morphology, physiology, and cultural practices. Useful for students preparing for the exam, but it lacks detailed explanations and context.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/06/2025

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A rhizome is more than just a stem in that it contains a series of alternately scalelike leaves called - ✔️ ✔️ Cataphylls

A shoot is a portion of a plant in which the leaves and ______ form an integrated unit - ✔️ ✔️ stems

A stem-like segment which protrudes up from the callus is the - ✔️ ✔️ rachilla

A steppe is wtter/dryer than a desert - ✔️ ✔️ Wetter

A climate in which average temperatures are at least 50*F for 4-7 months - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate

A climate in which average temperatures are at least 50*F for 8-11 months - ✔️ ✔️ Subtropical

A climate which is essentially frost free and has average temperatuers above 50* F for every month of the year is - ✔️ ✔️ Tropical

A climatic type with cold winters and warm summers is ____ - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate- contiental

A double layer of cells form the bundle sheath in ________ turfgrasses - ✔️ ✔️ pooid

A flowering shoot contains an elongated stem called a - ✔️ ✔️ culm

A flowering shoot is said to be in the ________ stage of growth - ✔️ ✔️ reproductive

A grass flower and its associated floral bracts together form the - ✔️ ✔️ floret

A limatic type with mild winters and cool summers is - _______ - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate- oceanic

A measure of the amount of aerial shoots remaining after mowing is - ✔️ ✔️ verdure

A measure of the number of aerial shoots per unit area is called - ✔️ ✔️ Density

A measure of the width of the leaf blades is - ✔️ ✔️ texture

A pollen tube grows thrugh the style and into the _____________ within the ovary - ✔️ ✔️ ovule

_____________ Meristems are located at the bases of leaves and stem internodes - ✔️ ✔️ Intercalary

A _______________ codition exists when the seedling is entirely dependent upon the seedds food reserves - ✔️ ✔️ heterotropic

A band of suberin that impedes apoplastic movement of materials into the stele is called the _____________ - ✔️ ✔️ Casparian Strip

A climate in which average temperatures are at least 50* F for 1-3 months _______ - ✔️ ✔️ Subartic

A surface feature of a turf that affects visual quality and playability is - ✔️ ✔️ smoothness

A thin,transparent, waxy layer covering the entire leave surface is called the - ✔️ ✔️ cuticle

Above-ground horizontally growing shoots are called - ✔️ ✔️ stolons

Above-ground, lateral shoots growing away from the mother plant are - ✔️ ✔️ stolons

All grasses are members of a sinle family of plants called the - ✔️ ✔️ poacea

Along the northwestern coast of the U.S., a _____ climatic type exists - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate-oceanic

An estimate of the even appearance of a turf is - ✔️ ✔️ uniformity

An example of a disaccharide is - ✔️ ✔️ sucrose

An interconnecting community of turfgrasses and the soil adgering to their roots and other belowground organs is called: - ✔️ ✔️ turf

An measure of the light reflected by turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ color

Annual bleugrass responds best to the following cultural program - ✔️ ✔️ mowing at .5", N at 3lbs/kft2, and frequent irrigation

Annual bluegrass differs from Kentucky bluegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ longer pointed ligule and bunch type or stoloniferous growth habit

Annual bluegrass is best adapted for use as - ✔️ ✔️ Golf Turf for pitching and putting

Annual bluegrass is distinguished by the folllowing features - ✔️ ✔️ long pointed ligule, boat shaped leaf tip, dull abaxial

Annual ryegrass can be distinguished from perennial ryegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ long slender awn

Annualk bluegrass is best adapted to - ✔️ ✔️ moist soild of moderate fertility and lighty shaded microclimates

As a rhizome grows to a positions near the surface, internod elongation ceases in response to - ✔️ ✔️ Light

Asexual reporducion by which seed are produced without the fusion of male and female gametes is called - ✔️ ✔️ apoximis

At higher mowing heights, the same genotype will often have more/less verdure - ✔️ ✔️ more

At the lower end of the spikelet are two bracts called - ✔️ ✔️ glumes

Auricles on annual ryegrass are - ✔️ ✔️ long,pointed

Below-ground, lateral shoots growing away from the mother plant are - ✔️ ✔️ rhizomes

Bermudagrasses are members of the ______ subfamily - ✔️ ✔️ chloridoid

Birmingham, AL has a _____ climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Subtropical-Humid

Both reduce root growth and a loss of root structure is most likely in perennial type annual bluegrass during - ✔️ ✔️ summer stressed

Climates in which evaporation exceeds Precipitation are called ________. - ✔️ ✔️ Dry

Climates in which precipitation exceeds evaporaation are distinguished by _______ - ✔️ ✔️ Temperature

Compared with fescue, a ryegrass floret is more - ✔️ ✔️ Larger, appears to have a wide apex, rectangular appearance

Compared with ryegrass, the rachilla in a fescue floret is - ✔️ ✔️ has a more narrow cylindrical rachilla, the upper end is circular in outline

Comparing bluegrass florets, the one with basal pubescense is - ✔️ ✔️ poa trivialis, rough bluegrass

Cool-Season grasses are typically __________ day plants in that flwoering only occuurs after exposure to day lengths __________ than a critical number of hours - ✔️ ✔️ longer/greater

Cool-season turfgrasses are generally adapted to temperate and ____ Climates - ✔️ ✔️ subartic

Diffusion of materials through pores within the cortex cell walls is called _____________ movement - ✔️ ✔️ Apoplastic

Diffusion of materials through the living cortex cells is capped - ✔️ ✔️ Symplastic

During germination, the sheath of translucent tissue that ermeges above the soil surface is called the - ✔️ ✔️ coleoptile

El Paso, Texas has a ______ climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Arid

Excessively high yields may indicate excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer along with often accompanying reductions in rooting, stress tolerance, and - ✔️ ✔️ disease resistance

Favorable tiimes for intensive core cultivation of annual bluegrass greens include - ✔️ ✔️ D

Following emergence of a new leaf, the ___________ unfords or unrolls - ✔️ ✔️ lamina

For a perennial type of annual bluegrass, there are ___ indentifiable phenological stages - ✔️ ✔️ 8

Formation of grass inflorescences begins with __________ of the plant - ✔️ ✔️ maturation

Given the Latin name binomial Poa pratensis L., what is the best explanation - ✔️ ✔️ Poa is the genus, pratensis is the species, and L is the authority

Grass "seed" harvested from the inflorescences of flwoering frass plants are actually maturess - ✔️ ✔️ florets

Grass flowers are enclosed within two floral bracts known as the - ✔️ ✔️ Lemma and glume

High rate of photorespiration are likely to occur under - ✔️ ✔️ high temperatures, high light intensities, and high oxygen concentrations

Identify the climatic type of Aukland, New Zealand (abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Cf

Identify the climatic type of Bonn, Germany (abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Dc

Identify the climatic type of Durban, South Africa - ✔️ ✔️ Cf

Identify the climatic type of London, England (use abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Do

Identify the climatic type of Melbborune, Australia (abbrevs) - ✔️ ✔️ Cf

If seeds are buried too deeply in the soil, their food reserves may become deplted, resulting in seedling _______________ - ✔️ ✔️ mortality

Important turfrasses currenty occur within ____ of the subfamilies - ✔️ ✔️ 3

In the embryons of cool-season turfgrasses, the mesocotyle internode is - ✔️ ✔️ absent

In the latin name for buffalograss (Boutelous gracillis [K.B.K] Lag. Ex Steud.), the "ex" means that: - ✔️ ✔️ Lagasca first proposed the bame but Steudel later provided the valid description

In the trinomial Latin name of the grass Poa pratensis L. "Baron, the "Baron" part represents which of the following - ✔️ ✔️ cultivar

In the US, the northeastern states have a _______ climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate- continental

In warm season grasses, germination of seed located below the soil surface may be associated with elongation of an internode called the - ✔️ ✔️ mesocotyl

In warm season tuf grasses the first stable intermediary in the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide is - ✔️ ✔️ OAA

Indiacte whether warm- or cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Dublin, Ireland - ✔️ ✔️ Cool

Indiacte whether warm- or cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Moscow,Russia - ✔️ ✔️ Cool

Indicate whether warm or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Mobile, AL - ✔️ ✔️ warm season

Indicate whether warm- cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Hong Kong - ✔️ ✔️ warm season

Indicate whether warm- cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Johannesberg, SA - ✔️ ✔️ Warm Season

Indicate whether warm- or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Bogata, Columbia - ✔️ ✔️ warm season

Indicate whether warm- or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Jakarta, Indonesia - ✔️ ✔️ warm season

Indicate whether warm- or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Quebec, Canada - ✔️ ✔️ Cool

Indicate whether warm-or cool-season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Mexico City - ✔️ ✔️ warm season

Indicate whether warm, or cool season turfgrasses would be expected to thrive in Sidney, Australia - ✔️ ✔️ warm season

Just inside the seed coast is a thin, proteinaceous material that plays an important role in germinationl this is called the __________ - ✔️ ✔️ aleurone layer

Kentuck blegrass is best adapted to - ✔️ ✔️ moist soiles of moderate fetility and sunny microclimates

Kentucky bluegrass differes from rough bluegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ shorter ligule, dull abaxial, parallel sided leaf blades

Kentucky bluegrass is best adapted for use as - ✔️ ✔️ lawn turf for recreateion and landscape

Kentucky bluegrass is distinguised by the following feathures - ✔️ ✔️ rhizomatus growth,smooth adaxial, folded veration

Kentucky bluegrass respons best to the following cultural program - ✔️ ✔️ mowing at 1.5", N fertilization at 4lbs/kft2, and moderate irrigation

LA has a _________climatic type - ✔️ ✔️ Subtopical-Dry-Summer

Large cells that, when fully expanded wirth water, pen leaf blades are called - ✔️ ✔️ bulliform

Leaf hairs varying in size and density among turfgrass species are called - ✔️ ✔️ trichomes

Leaves that use all of the photoassimilates they produce to sustain their own growth are

  • ✔️ ✔️ Newly Emerging

Leaves with the highest photosynthetic rate that contribute to the growth of other plant organs are - ✔️ ✔️ Fully Expanded

Mid-spring development of seed heads in perennial-type annual bluegrass can be inhibited with applications of - ✔️ ✔️ ethephon (proxy) and mefluidide (embark) and trinexapac-ethyl (Primo Maxx)

Most root growth of cool season grasses occurs in ____________ - ✔️ ✔️ Spring and Fall

Most root growth of warm season turfgrasses occurs in the ________months - ✔️ ✔️ Summer

New leaves appear initially as small protuberances called leaf - ✔️ ✔️ Primordia

New turfgrasses leaves arise from their respective - ✔️ ✔️ Growing Point

Nitrogen fertilization should be avoided on annual bluegrass greens include - ✔️ ✔️ D

On a turfgrass seed label, the "percent crop seed" refers to - ✔️ ✔️ grass seed other than desired variety

one type of grgass inflorescence is the - ✔️ ✔️ Spike

Openings in leaves through which gaseous exchange takes palce are called - ✔️ ✔️ stomates

Orlanda, Florida has a _______ climate type - ✔️ ✔️ Humid subrtopical (Cfa)

Perennial ryegras is not well adapted for - ✔️ ✔️ planting golf course fairways in warm climated

Reduction of PGA to PHAL requires NADPH from the light dependent/interdependent reaction of photosynthesis - ✔️ ✔️ A

Rhizomes, as well as stolons, are lateral shoots that arise from the stem's - ✔️ ✔️ axillary buds

Root hairs arise only from the tricoblasts in __________ grasses - ✔️ ✔️ Pooideae

Roots arising from stems nodes in a mature turfgrass community are called - ✔️ ✔️ adventitous

Roots that develop directly from the embryo are called - ✔️ ✔️ Seminal

Roots that develop during seed germination are called - ✔️ ✔️ seminal

Rough bluegrass differs from annual bluegrass by its - ✔️ ✔️ glossy abaxial and tapering leaf blades

Rough bluegrass is best adapted for use as - ✔️ ✔️ Winter turf on overseeded bermuda grasses is subtropical climated

Rough bluegrass is best adapted to - ✔️ ✔️ wet soils of moderate fertility and moderately shaded

Rough bluegrass is distinguished by the following features - ✔️ ✔️ soloniferous growth, glossy abaxial, folded vernation

Rough bluegrass responds best to the following cultural program - ✔️ ✔️ mowing at .5", N at 4lbs/kft2, and frequent irrigation

Senescense begins at the __________ of the leaves - ✔️ ✔️ Tip

Seperating the stele from the cortex is a layer of specialized cells called the _______ endodermis - ✔️ ✔️ Endodermis

Some warm-season turfgrasses belong to the ______ subfamily - ✔️ ✔️ panicoid

Specialized epidermal cells that give rise to root hairs that greatly increase the root's absorptive capacity are called - ✔️ ✔️ Tricoblasts

Spikelets are borne on the plant in a grouping called - ✔️ ✔️ inflorescense

Spikelets have one to several fertile florets in these turfgrasses - ✔️ ✔️ pooids and chloridoids

Storage of photoassimilates occurs principally in the - ✔️ ✔️ Crowns

The "latin Binmoial" refers to the latin name of the ____ and ____ of a plant - ✔️ ✔️ genus & species

The "seed" contained in a bag of turfgrass seed are actually - ✔️ ✔️ florets

The "trinomial" may also include the name of the _______ - ✔️ ✔️ cultivar

The "true seed" is surrounded by a remnant of the ovary wall called the - ✔️ ✔️ pericarp

The abaxial leaf of perennial ryegrass is [keeled/flat] - ✔️ ✔️ keeled

The abaxial leaf of tall fescue is [strongly keeled/essentially flat] - ✔️ ✔️ essentially flat

The abaxial leaf surface of kentucky bluegrass is [dull/glossy] - ✔️ ✔️ dull

The abaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass is - ✔️ ✔️ glossy

The abaxial leaf surface of rough bluegrass is [dull/glossy] - ✔️ ✔️ glossy

The abaxial leaf surface of rough bluegrass is [dull/glossy] - ✔️ ✔️ glossy

The adaxial leaf surface of creeping bentgrass is [ridged/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridged

The adaxial leaf surface of Kentucky Bluegrass is [ridgid/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ smooth

The adaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass is [ridgid/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridgid

The adaxial leaf surface of red fescue is [ridged/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridged

The adaxial leaf surface of tall fescue is [ridged/smooth] - ✔️ ✔️ ridged

The aleuron layer surrounds the - ✔️ ✔️ Endosperm

The availablity of carbohydrates to support the vegetative growth of perennial-type annual bluegrasses is most limiting during which phenological stage - ✔️ ✔️ Mid-spring seed-head pulse

The base of the blade of some grasses extends into appendages called - ✔️ ✔️ auricles

The basic unit of the inflorescence is the - ✔️ ✔️ Spikelet

The bentgrass species with the smallest florets is - ✔️ ✔️ argostis canina : Velvet bentgrass

The biotye of annual luegrass is least likely to survive summer condtitions is the - ✔️ ✔️ "wild"

The bluegrass species in which the lemma is widened above the middle of the floret is - ✔️ ✔️ poa compressa: canada bluegrass

The byproducts of Photosystem II include several molecules of : - ✔️ ✔️ ATP

The capacity of a turf to asborb shock without altering its surface characteristics is called: r - ✔️ ✔️ resillency

The capacity of turfgrasses to recover from damage casued by disease organisms, insects, and traffic is called: - ✔️ ✔️ recuperative capacity

The continetal versus oceanic climatic types are used for a ________ climate - ✔️ ✔️ Temperate

The cool-season turfgrasses are usually refered to as the ___ grasses - ✔️ ✔️ pooid

The culm internodes of warm-season turfgrasses are typically - ✔️ ✔️ solid

The dried fruti of a grass plant is called a - ✔️ ✔️ caryopsis

The endosperm is formed following the uniting of _____________ nuclei - ✔️ ✔️ 1 sperm and 2 polar

The environmental adaptation of cool-season turfgrasses is limited by the intensity and duration of ______ and _______ stresses - ✔️ ✔️ heat & drought

The father of plant taxonomy is - ✔️ ✔️ Linnaeus

The female portion of the flower consits of a single - ✔️ ✔️ Pistil

The first structural development evident during germination is enlargemnet of the ______________ via cell elongation - ✔️ ✔️ Coleorhiza

The five-carbon receptor molecule that fixes to atmospheric carbon dioxide is called - ✔️ ✔️ RUBp

The flattened, upper portion of the leaf is called the - ✔️ ✔️ blade

The flowering Portion of the grass shoot is called the - ✔️ ✔️ Inflorescence

The folded or rolled, lower portion of the leaf is called a _____ - ✔️ ✔️ sheath

The food supply for sustaining this plant during germination and early deverlopment is called the - ✔️ ✔️ Endosperm

The formation and elevation of the inflorescence is called - ✔️ ✔️ development

The germination process begins with the absorption of water by the seed resulting in the production of _________ enzymes - ✔️ ✔️ Hydrolitic

The humid verus dry-summer climatic types are used for a ______ climate - ✔️ ✔️ Subtropical

The largest component of a floret is the - ✔️ ✔️ lemma

The leaf tip of annual fluegrass is ______ - ✔️ ✔️ boat shaped

The leaf tip of centipede grass is - ✔️ ✔️ pointed

The leaf tip of creeeping bentgrass is - ✔️ ✔️ pointed

The leaf tip of St. Augustinegrass is ______ - ✔️ ✔️ tapered and rounded

The life of individual tiller sis usually not more than one - ✔️ ✔️ Year

The ligule of tall fescue is - ✔️ ✔️ short, membbranous,truncate

The ligule on bermudagrass is - ✔️ ✔️ short, hairy, truncate

The ligule on rough bluegrass is - ✔️ ✔️ long, membranous, pointed

The ligules on panicoid grasses are typically - ✔️ ✔️ membranous

The likelihood that inflorescences formed in turf will yield viable seed is generally low, as maturaion is interupted under regular - ✔️ ✔️ mowing

The lodicules swell, pushing the lemma and palea apart at - ✔️ ✔️ at the anthesis

The loosely arranged cells occupying most of the volume of a leaf are called - ✔️ ✔️ mesophyll

The lowermost organs of the flower that function in opening the flroet to expose the flower at athesis are called - ✔️ ✔️ Not A

The male portion of the flower is composed of three - ✔️ ✔️ Stamens

The measure of clippings removed with mowing is called - ✔️ ✔️ yield

The minimum ______ temperature is the lowest of the cardinal temperatures for turfgrasses - ✔️ ✔️ survival

The mobile form of carbohydrates that is easily transported from leaves to roots is - ✔️ ✔️ Sucrose

The more competiive turfgrass during summer stressed growth is annual bluegrass/creeping bentgrass - ✔️ ✔️ creeping

The name of the person resposible for identifying a species is abbreviated in the __________ - ✔️ ✔️ authority

The oldest portion of a leaf is the _____ - ✔️ ✔️ Tip

The one turfgrass genus that lacks a rachilla is - ✔️ ✔️ bentgrass

The optimum growth temperature range for cool-season turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ 60 - 75

The optimum growth temperature range for warm seas turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ 80 - 95

The photosynthetic cycle ocurring only in warm-season turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ C

The production of a flowering stimulus under certain day lengths is called ______________________- - ✔️ ✔️ induction

The rate at which new leaves appear is influenced by three factors: genotype, climatic and - ✔️ ✔️ Fertility

The reason the C3 photosynthetic cycle is called this name is because - ✔️ ✔️ the first stable intermediary formed is a three carbon molecule

The region of cell division located directly ahead of each node along lateral shoots is called the ______________ - ✔️ ✔️ Intercalary Meristem

The resistance of the turfgrass leaves to compression is - ✔️ ✔️ rigidity

The Rhizome tip is actually a series of conical leave that encloses the - ✔️ ✔️ Growing Point

The rhizome tip is pushed through the soil primarily by elongation of the - ✔️ ✔️ Internodes

the Seasonal root growth pattern evident in perrial type annual bluegrass is - ✔️ ✔️ Trimodal

The shortest interval between the apearance of succesive leaves occurs under optimum temperatures and ______ light - ✔️ ✔️ High

The storage form of carbohydrates in cool-season turfgrasses is - ✔️ ✔️ fructans

The structure at the junction of the two leaf portions on the adaxial side is a - ✔️ ✔️ ligule

The structure at the junction of the two leaf potions on the abaxial side is a - ✔️ ✔️ collar

The subtypes a and b are used within temperate and ____ climates only - ✔️ ✔️ subtropical

The surface layer of cells in a turgrass leaf form the - ✔️ ✔️ epidermis

The tendency of the turfgrass leaves to spring back once a compressing force is removed is - ✔️ ✔️ elasticity

The three organs of the turfgrass plant are leaves, stems and - ✔️ ✔️ roots

The time interval, in days, between the appearance of succesive leaves is the - ✔️ ✔️ Plastochron

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is termed - ✔️ ✔️ pollination

The transformation of the stem apex from a vegetative to a flowering axis is called _______________ - ✔️ ✔️ initiation

The turfgrass genus in which the spikelet has only one floret is called - ✔️ ✔️ bentgrass

the two empty floral bracts at the base of the spikelet is called the - ✔️ ✔️ Glumes

The two floral bracts contained in a floret are the - ✔️ ✔️ lemma and palea

The vernation on creeping bentgrass is [folded/rolled] - ✔️ ✔️ rolled

The vernation on Kentucky bluegrass is [folded/rolled] - ✔️ ✔️ folded

The view of a floret in which the palea is exposed is the - ✔️ ✔️ "front view" under directions on page 2

The wet versus wet-and-dry climatic types are used for a _____ climate - ✔️ ✔️ Tropical

These enzymes are produced in response to hormones produced in the embyro called - ✔️ ✔️ Gibberellins

This root's meristematic region is protected by an enshrouding root - ✔️ ✔️ Cap

Three phases of the C3 photosynthetic cycle are - ✔️ ✔️ carboxylation,reduction,regeneration

Which turfgrass genus is entirely awnless - ✔️ ✔️ bluegrass

With the initiation of photosynthesis, the seedling soon becomes independent of the seed's food reserves and is said to be - ✔️ ✔️ autotrophic

With the same genotype and mowing height, verdure is directly proportional to - ✔️ ✔️ density

Withing the grass family, there are 6 subfamilies, 25 tribes, 600 genera and _____ Species - ✔️ ✔️ 7500

Withing the seed is a miniature plant called the _________ - ✔️ ✔️ Endosperm

Tillers formed in the fall may be important for _______________ growth - ✔️ ✔️ Spring

Turfgrass caryopses from largest to smallest are: - ✔️ ✔️ fescue,bluegrass,bentgrass

Turgrasses spread by belowground shoots are said to have a ______ growth habit - ✔️ ✔️ rhizomatous

Turgrasses spread primarily or exclusiverly by tillering are said to have a _____ growth habait - ✔️ ✔️ bunch type

Unelongated stems located at the bases of aerial shoots are called - ✔️ ✔️ Crowns

Until it has developed several leaves, a new tiller is dependent on the parent shoot for _____________ - ✔️ ✔️ Nutrients

Warm-Season grasses are predominately _______-day plants requiring day lengthhs ______ than a critical number of hours - ✔️ ✔️ shorter/shorter

Warm-season turfgrasses are used primarily in _______ and tropical areas - ✔️ ✔️ Subtoropical

When the intermediate nerves on the lemma are not visible, the lemma is said to be - ✔️ ✔️ 3 nerved

When the surface layer of a turf is harvested for transplating, it is called: - ✔️ ✔️ sod

Where are arid and semiarid climates occur within temparate and subartic zone, the lower-case suffix ___ is attached - ✔️ ✔️ k

Where are arid and semiarid climates occur within tropical and subtropical zone, the lower-case suffix ___ is attached - ✔️ ✔️ h

Where rooting is shallow or largely confined to a thatch layer, problems can be anticipated, especially during periods of - ✔️ ✔️ stress

Where the soil is severly compacted, inadequate respiratory energy may limit the transport of nutrients and water due to a deficiency of - ✔️ ✔️ oxygen

Which of the following turfgrases are all in the subfamily Pooideae - ✔️ ✔️ bent,blue, fescue

Which of the following turfgrasses are all in the subfamily Pooidae - ✔️ ✔️ bent,blue, fescue

The principal stems that occur in turfgrasses are ______________ as well as those associated with rhizomes, stolons, and flowers. - ✔️ ✔️ Crowns

The process by which lateral shoots break through the enclosing leaf sheaths is called ___________ brnaching - ✔️ ✔️ Extravaginal

The process by which new tillers emerge from axillary buds is called _____________ branching - ✔️ ✔️ Intravaginal

The process in whyich oxygen substitute for carbon dioxide in the formation of PGA is called - ✔️ ✔️ photospiration