Clinical Laboratory Departments and Tests: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Nursing

Download Clinical Laboratory Departments and Tests: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! UCLA PHLEBOTOMY FINAL EXAM PREP CERTIFICATION Answer- ISSUANCE BY AN OFFICIAL BODY OF A CERTIFICATE TO A PERSON INDICATING THAT HE/SHE HAS MET CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS LICENSURE Answer- LEGAL PERMISSION GRANTED BY THE STATE TO ENGAGE IN AN OCCUPATION OR ACTIVITY RECIPROCITY Answer- ONE STATE RECOGNIZES THE LICENSURE GRANTED BY ANOTHER STATE HOW MANY CE'S DO YOU NEED AND HOW OFTEN TO RENEW? Answer- 6 CES EVERY 2 YRS WHAT ARE PHLEBOTOMISTS' RESPONSIBILITIES & DUTIES? Answer- - ID AND PREP PT - COLLECTION OF SPECIMENS W/ CORRECT TECHNIQUE - LABELING PROPERLY - MAINTAIN ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE - TRANSPORT SPECIMENS - PROCESS SPECIMENS - COLLECT DATA / MAINTAIN SPECIMENS - FOLLOW QA PROCEDURES - MAINTAIN COMPUTER RECORDS - MAINTAIN SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT ETHICS Answer- MORAL DUTY TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGHT & WRONG INTEGRITY Answer- DEDICATED TO MAINTAINING HIGH STANDARDS DISCRETION Answer- USE OF GOOD JUDGMENT AND PRUDENCE DIPLOMACY Answer- USE OF TACT & UNDERSTANDING CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL LAB DIRECTOR Answer- INTERPRETS RESULTS TO DIAGNOSE DISEASE PATHOLOGIST OR BIOANALYST CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL LAB ADMINISTRATOR / MANAGER Answer- DAY - TO - DAY OPS OF LAB LIAISON BETWEEN DIRECTOR & LAB STAFF CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL TECHNICAL SUPERVISORS Answer- DAILY WORK SCHEDULES & STAFFING ONE PER EACH LAB AREA CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL CLS Answer- DIRECTS WORK OF OTHER LAB STAFF MAINTAINS QA STDS 4 YR MED TECH PROGRAM / 1 YR INTERNSHIP / BOARD EXAM CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL MLT / CLT Answer- TESTS BLOOD / LYMPH / URINE REPORT ABNORMAL TEST VALUES TRAINS NEW EMPLOYEES 2 YR MED LAB PROGRAM TRAINING / CERT FROM APPROVED AGENCY CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL BLOOD BANK TECH Answer- CERT IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY TESTS FOR BLOOD GROUPS, ANTIGENS, AND ANTIBODY ID AND COMPATIBILITY CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS CHEMISTRY Answer- LARGEST DEPARTMENT HIGHLY AUTOMATED IE: ELECTROLYTES ETOH BLOOD GLUCOSE CHOLESTEROL MOST COMMON - UTI STANDARD / UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS ESTABLISHED & ENFORCED BY WHO? Answer- ESTABLISHED BY CDC ENFORCED BY OSHA USED REGARDLESS OF PT'S DIAGNOSIS OR IF KNOWN TO BE INFECTIOUS MAIN CONCERNS: PPE (GLOVES) & HANDWASHING ARE MUY IMPORTANTE USE BLEACH SOLUTION 1:10 TO DISINFECT EQUIPMENT AND SURFACES (CAN ALSO USE OSHA APPROVED DISINFECTANT WIPES) INFECTIOUS FLUID EXAMPLES Answer- SALIVA ONLY IN DENTAL PROCEDURES CSF PERICARDIAL FLUID ETC WHAT'S IMPORTANT ABOUT TESTING SPUTUM? Answer- TEST FIRST THING IN AM USED FOR TB TEST?? ISOLATION TYPES (6) STRICT ISO Answer- HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IE: PNEUMONIA / SMALL POX / DIPHTHERIA ISOLATION TYPES (6) ENTERIC ISO Answer- INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IE: SALMONELLA / HEPB ISOLATION TYPES (6) CONTACT ISO Answer- DISEASES THAT CAN BE SPREAD BY DIRECT CONTACT IE: MRSA ISOLATION TYPES (6) PROTECTIVE / NEUTROPENIC / REVERSE Answer- USED TO PROTECT IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PTS IE: CANCER / BURNS ISOLATION TYPES (6) AIRBORNE ISO Answer- DROPLETS SMALLER THAN 5 MICROMETERS IE: TB / MEASLES / HERPES **N95 REQUIRED** ISOLATION TYPES (6) DROPLET ISO Answer- DROPLETS LARGER THAN 5 MICROMETERS OSHA Answer- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ADMINISTRATION MANDATES & ENFORCES SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS FEDERAL AGENCY HEP B VACCINATIONS OFFERED TO EE'S AT NO COST WHAT INFECTION ARE HEALTH CARE WORKERS MOST SUCCEPTIBLE TO? Answer- HEP B MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) BACTERIA Answer- MOST NUMEROUS UNICELLULAR MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) FUNGI Answer- MOLDS AT 25C / YEASTS AT 37C REPRODUCES BY BUDDING MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) PROTOZOA Answer- UNICELLULAR MOVE BY CILIA (FALSE FEET) IE: MALARIA MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) RICKETTSIA Answer- TRANSMITTED BY INSECTS IE: LYME DISEASE / ROCKY MOUNTAIN FEVER MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) VIRUSES Answer- SMALLEST MICROORGANISMS 1000X SMALLER THAN BACTERIA IE: HEP C / HIV MED TERMS (PRE & SUFFIXES) -TOMY -PENIA -ITIS -PATHY -URIA -EMIA A/AN/AR- HYPO- HYPER- BRADY- TACHY- OSTEO- Answer- - TO CUT INTO - DECREASE OF - INFLAMMATION OF - DISEASE - URINE - BLOOD - WITHOUT - LOW - HIGH - SLOW - FAST - BONE AORTA Answer- LARGEST ARTERY IN BODY RECEIVES BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUSHED BLOOD TO THE REST OF THE BODY - RESULTING FROM HYPERVENTILATION OR LOSS OF TOO MUCH CO2 FROM LUNGS DIRECTIONAL TERMS LATERAL VS MEDIAL SUPERIOR VS INFERIOR ANTERIOR VS POSTERIOR VENTRAL VS DORSAL PROXIMAL VS DISTAL Answer- FURTHER FROM MIDLINE VS CLOSER TO MIDLINE ABOVE VS BELOW FRONT VS BACK FRONT VS BACK CLOSER TO CORE VS FURTHER FROM CORE HOMEOSTATSIS CATABOLISM ANABOLISM Answer- - BALANCED STATE IN BODY BY COMPENSATING WITH CHANGES - BREAKS DOWN COMPLEX SUBSTANCES INTO SIMPLER ONES / RELEASES ENERGY (IE: DIGESTION) - CELLS USE ENERGY TO MAKE COMPLEX COMPOUNDS FROM SIMPLER ONES (IE: MUSCLE TISSUE GROWTH) BODY SYSTEMS (11) / FUNCTIONS SKELETAL Answer- PROVIDES SUPPORT PROTECTS ORGANS ALLOWS FOR LEVERAGE & MOVEMENT HEMATOPOIESIS: BLOOD CELL FORMATION IN BONE MARROW STORES MINERALS BODY SYSTEMS (11) / FUNCTIONS INTEGUMENTARY Answer- PROTECTION OF UNDERLYING TISSUES & REGULATION OF BODY TEMP RECEPTION OF SENSORY STIMULI ELIMINATION OF SOME WASTES AND PRESERVATION OF WATER LOSS BODY SYSTEMS (11) FUNCTIONS MUSCULAR Answer- PERMITS MOVEMENT PRODUCES HEAT MAINTAINS POSTURE BODY SYSTEMS (11) NERVOUS Answer- ALLOWS COMMUNICATION THROUGHOUT THE BODY & REGULATES BODY FUNCTIONS DIRECTS SENSATIONS CONTROLS MOVEMENTS & PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS CONTROLS INTELLECTUAL PROCESSES BODY SYSTEMS (11) RESPIRATORY Answer- FILTERS AIR EXCHANGES GASES SUPPLIES O2 & REMOVES CO2 HELPS REGULATE BLOOD PH PROTECTS VOCAL CORDS BODY SYSTEMS (11) DIGESTIVE Answer- BREAKS DOWN FOOD PHYSICALLY & CHEMICALLY ABSORBS NUTRIENTS REMOVES SOLID WASTE HELSP REGULATE INTAKE & OUTPUT OF ESSENTIAL PROTEINS, CARBS, FATS, MINERALS, VITAMINS, AND WATER RELEASES MANY PROTEINS, ENZYMES, AND DIGESTIVE JUICES BODY SYSTEMS (11) URINARY Answer- SECRETES WASTE REGULATES PH / ELECTROLYTES BODY SYSTEMS (11) REPRODUCTIVE Answer- SECRETES HORMONES PRODUCES GERM CELLS FOR REPRODUCTION (OVA & SPERM) IN FEMALES, MAINTAINS FETUS & PRODUCES MILK FOR NOURISHMENT OF NEONATE BODY SYSTEMS (11) ENDOCRINE Answer- PRODUCES & SECRETES HORMONES -PITUITARY - THYROID - ADRENAL - PINEAL - PARATHYROID - PANCREAS - OVARIES & TESTES - THYMUS BODY SYSTEMS (11) LYMPHATIC Answer- MAINTAINS TISSUE FLUID BALANCE FILTERS BLOOD AND LYMPH PRODUCES WBCS TO PROTECT THE BODY FROM DISEASE ABSORBS FATS BODY SYSTEMS (11) CIRCULATORY Answer- TRANSPORTS O2 & NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND WASTE & CO2 AWAY FROM CELLS TRANSPORTS HORMONES & OTHER SUBSTANCES THROUGHOUT BODY THERMOREGULATION DEFEND AGAINST DISEASE 3. SYRINGE - COMMON GAUGE 21 X 1.5 ORDER OF DRAW IS SET UP BY WHO? Answer- CLSI ORDER OF DRAW BLOOD CULTURES Answer- #1 - DRAWN FIRST TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION USE BUTTERFLY PRESENCE OF MICROORGANISMS AEROBIC FIRST, THEN ANAEROBIC ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE OPTION 1. PROVIDONE-IODINE THEN 70% ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (CIRCULAR MOTION INSIDE TO OUT) OPTION 2. CHLORAPREP (CHLORAHEXIDINE) - PREFERRED & MORE EFFECTIVE OPTION (BACK & FORTH / UP & DOWN) YELLOW TUBE WITH SPS (SODIUM POLYANETHOL SULFONATE) CAN ALSO BE USED FOR CULTURES MICROBIOLOGY DPT ORDER OF DRAW LIGHT BLUE Answer- #2 ANTICOAGULANT - SODIUM CITRATE / BINDS TO CA 9:1 RATIO (IF THIS IS YOUR FIRST OR ONLY TUBE BEING DRAWN W/ BUTTERFLY, YOU MUST DRAW DISCARD TUBE TO TAKE OUT THE AIR THAT'S IN THE BUTTERFLY TO ALLOW FOR A 9:1 RATIO) COMMON TESTS - PT / APTT HEMATOLOGY / COAGULATION DPTS MIX 3-4 TIMES ORDER OF DRAW SERUM SEPARATOR TUBES Answer- #RED / TIGER / GOLD RED - NO ADDITIVE TIGER / GOLD - CLOT ACTIVATOR - GEL SEPARATOR IMMUNOLOGY / SEROLOGY / CHEM DPTS ALLOW TO CLOT FOR 30MIN ORDER OF DRAW GREEN Answer- #4 LIGHT THEN DARK GREEN ANTICOAGULANT - HEPARIN (SODIUM & LITHIUM) INHIBITS THROMBIN COMMON TESTS - ELECTROLYTES CHEM DPT ORDER OF DRAW LAVENDER Answer- #5 ANTICOAGULANT - SODIUM OR POTASSIUM EDTA - BINDS TO CA - PREVENTS PLATELET AGGREGATION - PRESERVES MORPHOLOGY COMMON TEST - CBC HEMATOLOGY DPT ORDER OF DRAW GRAY Answer- #6 ANTICOAGULANT - POTASSIUM OXALATE (BINDS TO CA) PRESERVATIVE - SODIUM FLUORIDE (INHIBITS GLYCOLYTIC ACTIVITY) COMMON TESTS - ETOH & GLUCOSE MISC TUBES PINK BLACK DARK BLUE BROWN YELLOW Answer- - ANTICOAGULANT EDTA (USED FOR BLOOD BANK) - ANTICOAGULANT SODIUM CITRATE (USED FOR ESR / 4:1 RATIO) - EITHER NONE / SODIUM HEPARIN / EDTA (USED FOR TRACE METAL ASSAYS & TOXICOLOGY STUDIES) - ANTICOAGULANT HEPARIN (USED TO LEAD TESTING) - ANTICOAGULANT SPS (CULTURES) - ANTICOAGULANT ACD (ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE / PRSERVES WBCS / HLA TYPING) 10ML SAMPLE FROM INFANT = WHAT PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL BLOOD VOLUME? Answer- 5-10% BLOOD VOLUME IN INFANT EMLA Answer- EUTECTIC MIXTURE OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS LIDOCAINE & PRILOCAINE IATROGENIC ANEMIA Answer- INDUCED ANEMIA DUE TO FREQUENT BLOOD DRAWS PETECHIAE Answer- TINY RED SPOTS UNDER SKIN INDICATION OF BROKEN / BRUISED CAPILLARIES MAY BE A SIGN THAT PT WILL BLEED EXCESSIVELY FROM SITE OCCUR: LATEX ALLERGIES UNDER TQ IN ELDERLY MASTECTOMY PTS CHOICE OF VENIPUNCTURE SITE? Answer- ON ARM OPPOSITE OF MASTECTOMY DOUBLE MASTECTOMY - HANDS OR LEGS (ONLY WITH PHYSICIAN'S PERMISSION) EDEMA Answer- ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE INTRACELLULAR SPACES OF BODY SPECIMEN CAN BE CONTAMINATED VEINS WILL BE DIFFICULT TO PALPATE MOST COMMON ALLERGY? Answer- LATEX PSEUDOHYPERKALEMIA Answer- FALSE HIGH LEVELS OF POTASSIUM WHY ARE ARTERIAL PUNCTURES MORE PRONE TO INFECTION? Answer- B/C THEY CARRY O2 CIRCULATE FASTER IN BODY HOW INFECTIONS SPREAD IN LYMPHATIC CHANNELS? Answer- LYMPH NODES -> BLOOD STREAM -> ORGANS COMMON INFECTIONS FROM CONTAMINATED NEEDLES? (3) Answer- 1. HEP B 2. HEP C 3. HIV TORTUOUS VEINS Answer- TWISTED VEINS / EASY TO PUSH NEEDLE THROUGH THE WALL THROMBOTIC VEIN Answer- BLOOD CLOT IN VEIN FEELS HARD / INFLEXIBLE / TENDER PHLEBITIC VEIN Answer- INFLAMMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS TENDER AND WARM TO TOUCH APPEAR RED IF PT HAS IV THERAPY IN BOTH ARMS...? Answer- ASK NURSE TO TURN OFF IV FOR 2 MINUTES PRIOR TO STARTING VENIPUNCTURE DRAW BELOW IV SITE TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION MOST COMMON REASONS FOR SPECIMEN REJECTION Answer- QNS REQUISITION / SPECIMEN LABEL IRREGULARITIES DELTA CHECK Answer- COMPARISON BETWEEN CURRENT RESULTS OF LAB TESTS AND PREVIOUS TEST RESULTS FOR SAME PT HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION Answer- ALSO CALLED ACUTE HEMOLYSIS HEMOLYSIS DUE TO PT RECEIVING WRONG BLOOD TYPE / THEY BLEED OUT CENTRIFUGATION HOW LONG? HOW FAST? Answer- WAIT FOR CLOTTING 30MIN SPIN FOR 15 MIN RATE OF 3500RPM CODE OF ETHICS (6) Answer- 1. RESPECT FOR LIFE 2. RESPECT FOR PT CHOICE 3. RESPECT FOR PT AS AN INDIVIDUAL 4. RESPECT FOR PT PRIVACY 5. RESPECT FOR PT DIGNITY 6. CONFIDENTIALITY OF PT INFO INFORMED CONSENT Answer- PT'S CONSENT TO UNDERGO TX / SURGERY BASED ON KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING OF POTENTIAL RISKS / BENEFITS BEFORE PROCEDURE IMPLIED CONSENT Answer- PT'S CONSENT BY MEANS OF: SIGNS INACTION SILENCE PT BILL OF RIGHTS Answer- EVERY PTS' RIGHTS WHILE UNDERGOING TX FELONY Answer- MAJOR CRIMES PUNISHABLE BY DEATH / IMPRISONMENT IE: RAPE / PRACTICING W/O LICENSE / TAX EVASION / MURDER MISDEMEANOR Answer- MINOR CRIMES PUNISHABLE BY FINES OR JAIL TIME UP TO A YR IE: TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS / THEFT STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS Answer- PERIOD AFTER INCIDENT THAT A PT HAS TO FILE A LAWSUIT IE: IN CA, SOL IS EITHER 3 YRS AFTER INJURY OR 1 YR AFTER INJURY DISCOVERY TORT Answer- WRONG ACT COMMITTED AGAINST ANOTHER PERSON / PROPERTY STANDARD OF CARE Answer- ORDINARY SKILL & CARE THAT MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS MUST USE THAT IS COMMONLY USED BY OTHER MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS WHEN CARING FOR PTS NEGLIGENCE Answer- FAILURE TO PERFORM PROFESSIONAL DUTIES IN ACCEPTED STANDARD OF CARE PROXIMATE CAUSE Answer- NATURAL CONTINUOUS SEQUENCES OF EVENTS, WITHOUT AN INTERVENING CAUSE, THAT PRODUCES AN INJURY ALSO REFERRED TO AS DIRECT CAUSE RES IPSA LOQUITUR Answer- LATIN PHRASE "THE THING SPEAKS FOR ITSELF" RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR Answer- LATIN PHRASE "LET THE MASTER ANSWER" 3 BRANCHES OF GOV'T? Answer- 1. LEGISLATIVE 2. EXECUTIVE 3. JUDICIAL 3 LEVELS OF LAW Answer- 1. FEDERAL 2. STATE 3. LOCAL 4 "D'S" TO PROVE NEGLIGENCE Answer- 1. DUTY 2. DERELICT (FAILURE TO FULFILL OBLIGATION) 3. DIRECT CAUSE 4. DAMAGE MALPRACTICE Answer- PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE HIPPA Answer- HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY & ACCOUNTABILITY ACT PROTECTS PRIVACY & SECURITY OF HEALTH INFO PHI Answer- PROTECTED HEALTH INFO - INFO RELATED TO PAST / PRSENT / FUTURE PHYSICAL / MENTAL HEALTH / CONDITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL - INFO IN ANY MEDIUM (SPOKEN / WRITTEN / ELECTRONICALLY STORES / VIDEOS / PHOTOS / X -RAYS WHO DIVIDES LABS INTO WHICH 3 CATEGORIES? Answer- CLIA 1. WAIVED 2. MODERATE 3. HIGH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CANNOT LIVE IN HUMAN BODY FLUIDS? A. FUNGUS B. TICK C. RICKETTSIA D. BACTERIA Answer- B. TICK AV NODE Answer- ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE LOC AT BOTTOM OF R. ATRIUM IN INTERATRIAL SEPTUM RELAYS IMPULSE THROUGH AV BUNDLE (BUNDLE OF HIS) BUNDLE OF HIS Answer- LOC TOP OF INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM RELAYS IMPULSE THROUGHOUT THE VENTRICULAR WALLS BY MEANS OF BUNDLE BRANCHES A& PERKINJE FIBERS DESCRIBE CONDUCTION OF HEART THOROUGHLY Answer- SA NODE -> AV NODE -> BUNDLE OF HIS -> R & L BUNDLE BRANCHES -> PERKINJE FIBERS (CAUSE VENTRICLE CONTRACTION) VENTRICLES CONTRACT SIMULTANEOUSLY AND FORCE BLOOD INTO LUNGS & BODY ATRIA & VENTRICLES THEN RELAX BRIEFLY & A NEW CYCLE BEGINS PULSE SITES RADIAL BRACHIAL CAROTID FEMORAL POPLITEAL DORSALIS PEDIS Answer- THUMB SIDE OF WRIST INNER ASPECT OF ELBOW BETWEEN LARYNX & STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE ON NECK NEAR GROIN BEHIND KNEE TOP OF FOOT 3 LAYERS OF BLOOD VESSEL Answer- 1. TUNICA ADVENTITIA 2. TUNICA MEDIA 3. TUNICA INTIMA TUNICA ADVENTITIA Answer- THICK OUTER LAYER CONNECTIVE TISSUE PREVENTS RUPTURE / BURSTING DUE TO INCREASED PRESSURE TUNICA MEDIA Answer- MIDDLE LAYER SMOOTH MUSCLE & ELASTIC FIBERS HELPS MAINTAIN NORMAL BP ALLOWS CONSTRICTION TUNICA INTIMA Answer- INNER LAYER SINGLE LAYER OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS / CONNECTIVE TISSUE / ELASTIC FIBERS SMOOTHNESS PREVENTS ABNORMAL BLOOD CLOTTING WHICH VEIN(S) HAVE VALVES? Answer- VEINS HAVE VALVES TO PREVENT BACKFLOW ARTERIES HAVE HIGHER PRESSURE AND DON'T REQUIRE VALVES DYSFUNCTIONAL VALVES CAUSE VARICOSE VEINS TRUE / FALSE BLOOD IS TISSUE Answer- TRUE LIFESPAN OF RBCS? Answer- 120 DAYS LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) NEUTROPHILS Answer- MOST ABUNDANT FIRST RESPONDERS TO INFECTION PHAGOCYTE LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) EOSINOPHILS Answer- INCREASED IN ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND PARASITIC INFECTION LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) BASOPHILS Answer- RELEASES HISTAMIN TO VASODILATE DURING INFLAMMATION CONTAIN HEPARIN LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) LYMPHOCYTES Answer- TWO TYPES T CELLS - DESTROY FOREIGN MATERIAL B CELLS - PRODUCE ANTIBODIES TO FIGHT INFECTION LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) MONOCYTES Answer- LARGEST WBC PHAGOCYTE LIFESPAN OF THROMBOCYTE Answer- 9-12 DAYS ANTIGEN Answer- SUBSTANCE (USUALLY PROTEIN) THAT THE BODY RECOGNIZES AS FOREIGN AND EVOKES AN IMMUNE RESPONSE (PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES). ANTIBODY Answer- SUBSTANCE THAT IS PRODUCED BY THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGEN PRODUCED BY OUR B LYMPHOCYTES BLOOD GROUPS PLASMA CONTAINS WHICH ANTIGEN? WHICH ANTIBODY? TYPE A TYPE B TYPE AB TYPE O Answer- ANTIGEN A / ANTIBODY B ANTIGEN B / ANTIBODY A ANTIGEN AB / NO ANTIBODIES NO ANTIGEN / ANTIBODY A & B WHICH BLOOD TYPE IS CONSIDERED UNIVERSAL DONOR? MOST COMMON BLOOD TYPE? Answer- TYPE O BLOOD RHESUS BLOOD GROUP DVT PE IN HEMOSTASIS, THERE USUALLY A BALANCE BETWEEN WHAT 2 THINGS? Answer- FIBRIN FORMATION (THROMBIN MEDIATED) & DISSOLUTION (PLASMIN MEDIATED) PROCOAGULANTS & DOWN REGULATORS BALANCE IN HEMOSTASIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY INTERACTIONS AMONG? (4) Answer- BLOOD VESSELS PLATELETS COAGULATION FACTORS / PROTEINS FIBRINOLYSIS DISRUPTING HEMOSTASIS CAN CAUSE? Answer- BLEEDING OR PATHOLOGIC CLOT FORMATION TRUE / FALSE EXCESSIVE COAGULATION MEANS DEFICIENT FIBRINOLYSIS Answer- TRUE TRUE / FALSE EXCESSIVE FIBRINOLYSIS MEANS DEFICIENT COAGULATION Answer- TRUE 5 STEPS HEMOSTATIC PROCESS Answer- 1. VASCULAR PHASE 2. PLATELET PHASE 3. COAGULATION PHASE 4. CLOT RETRACTION 5. FIBRINOLYSIS PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS Answer- VASOCONSTRICTION & PLATELET ADHESION (VWF - VONWILLEBRAN FACTOR) SECONDARY HEMOSTASIS Answer- STABILIZATION OF LOOSE PLATELET PLUG TO FIBRIN MESH (CLOT) COAGULATION FACTORS Answer- - ARE PROTEINS NORMALLY PRESENT AND INACTIVE IN BLOOD - MOST ARE PRODUCED BY LIVER - DESIGNATED BY ROMAN NUMERALS - "a" SIGNALS FACOR IS IN ITS ACTIVE FORM COAGULATION CASCADE Answer- CONVERTS FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN EXTRINSIC PATHWAY Answer- TISSUE FACTOR IS RELEASED MONITORED BY PT (MONITORS COUMADIN TX) 30 SECONDS INTRINSIC PATHWAY Answer- CONTACT PHASE 2-4 MIN MONITORED BY APTT (MONITORS HEPARIN TX) COMMON PATHWAY Answer- MONITORED BY BOTH PT AND APTT FACTOR 1 FACTOR 2 FACTOR 3 Answer- 1. FIBRIN 2. THROMBIN 3. CALCIUM TRUE / FALSE NO CALCIUM = NO CLOTTING Answer- TRUE FIBRINOLYSIS Answer- DISSOLUTION OF A CLOT FDP Answer- FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IE: D-DIMER DOWN REGULATORS MISSING REGULATORS CAUSE? Answer- 1. ANTITHROMBIN 2. PROTEIN C 3. PROTEIN S 4. PLASMIN INHIBITOR CAUSE THROMBOPHILIA AFIBRINOGENEMIA HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA DYSFIBRINOGENEMIA Answer- ABSENCE OF FIBRINOGEN LOW LEVELS OF FIBRINOGEN (TREATED BY CRYOPRECIPITATE OR FFP / FRESH FROZEN PLASMA) ALTERED STRUCTURE OF FIBRINOGEN MOST COMON CAUSES OF THROMBOPHILIA (2) Answer- 1. FACTOR V (PROACCELERIN) 2. PROTHROMBIN GENE PT TEST Answer- MONITORS EXTRINSIC PATHWAY COUMADIN TX APTT TEST Answer- MONITORS INTRINSIC PATHWAY HEPARIN TX COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY PERCENTAGE OF EFFECTIVE VERBAL WORDS PERCENTAGE OF EFFECTIVE NONVERBAL CUES Answer- WORDS 10-20% NONVERBAL 80-90% TRUE / FALSE PHLEBOTOMISTS ARE INVOLVED IN THE POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE Answer- FALSE WE'RE INVOLVED IN THE PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE ALIQUOTS Answer- MAKING SMALLER SAMPLES OF SPECIMEN FOR MULTIPLE TESTS TIMED SPECIMENS TDM GTT FASTING SPECIMENS Answer- THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING - MEASURE AMOUNT OF SPECIFIC MEDICATION IN PTS SYSTEM CONTACT W/ CONTAMINATED FLUIDS / SHARPS INJURY / SPLASH TO MUCOUS MEMBRANES OR NON-INTACT SKIN LEADING CAUSE OF LIVER TRANSPLANTS** NO VACCINATION HIV SYMPTOMS? TRANSMISSION? Answer- SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES / WEIGHT LOSS / NIGHT SWEATS / OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS / SKIN LESIONS CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED BODY FLUIDS CAN BE ASYMPTOMATIC FOR YEARS NO VACCINATION CAN EVENTUALLY LEAD TO AIDS TRUE / FALSE EXPOSED EMPLOYEE MAY DECLINE TESTING OR MAY HAVE BLOOD COLLECTED AND PRESERVED FOR UP TO 90 DAYS B4 MAKING FINAL DECISION. Answer- TRUE PROPHYLAXIS Answer- ACTION TAKEN TO PREVENT DISEASE IE: UTI EXAMPLE IN CLASS. IF YOU ARE EXPERIENCING ALL THE SYMPTOMS OF A UTI, THEY'RE GOING TO TREAT YOU ASAP EVEN THOUGH THEY'RE WAITING FOR TEST RESULTS TO COME BACK. MOST PHLEBOTOMY INJURIES OCCUR BETWEEN WHAT? Answer- BETWEEN PTS AND SHARPS CONTAINER USUALLY UP TO 76% PREVENTABLE WHAT ARE SAFER SHARPS? TRUE / FALSE: SHARPS MUST - PROVIDE BARRIER BETWEEN HANDS AND CONTAMINATED NEEDLE - REQUIRE / ALLOW HANDS TO STAY BEHIND CONTAMINATED NEEDLE - BE EASY TO USE - NOT INTERFERE WITH PT CARE - BE INTEGRAL PART OF DEVICE Answer- SAFER SHARPS ARE: - NEEDLESLESS SYSTEMS - NEEDLES WITH ENGINEERED SAFETY DEVICES - CAPILLARY TUBES THAT ARE SELF-SEALING ALL TRUE BACTERIOLOGY Answer- STUDY OF BACTERIA MYCOLOGY Answer- STUDY OF FUNGI VIROLOGY Answer- STUDY OF VIRUSES SEROLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY Answer- STUDY OF ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES IN SERUM STUDY OF IMMUNE PROCESS & IMMUNITY ASEPSIS Answer- DESTRUCTION OF ORGANISMS AFTER THEY LEAVE THE BODY IE: HANDWASHING, DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT, GLOVES (ALL REDUCE NUMBER OF PATHOGENS TRNSFERRED) WHAT 3 THINGS ARE NEEDED TO START A FIRE? Answer- 1. O2 2. HEAT 3. FUEL 4 CATEGORIES OF FIRES? Answer- 1. CLASS A (PAPER / WOOD / CLOTH / PLASTICS) 2. CLASS B (FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS LIKE GASES / OILS / PAINTS / GREASE AND AN INTERACTION WITH AIR AND VAPORS) 3. CLASS C (IN OR NEAR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 4. CLASS D (COMBUSTIBLE METALS LIKE LITHIUM AND MAGNESIUM) (5 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS) CLASS A Answer- CONTAINS SODA AND H2O FOR ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE FIRES (5 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS) CLASS B Answer- CONTAINS FOAM, DRY CHEMICALS, OR CO2' FOR FIRES FROM SOLVENTS AND AIR-VAPOR MIXTURES (5 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS) CLASS C Answer- CONTAINS DRY CHEMICALS USED FOR ELECTRICAL FIRES (5 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS) ABC Answer- MULTIPURPOSE AVOIDS CONFUSION OVER WHAT TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER TO USE (5 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS) HALON Answer- USED FOR COMPUTER FIRES PROCEDURES IN EVENT OF FIRE R A C E Answer- R - REMOVE PTS A - ACTIVATE ALARM & ALERT STAFF C - CONTAIN OR CONFINE THE FIRE BY CLOSING ALL DOORS E - EXTINGUISH FIRE IF SAFE TO DO SO HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER P A S S Answer- P - PULL THE PIN A - AIM NOZZLE AT THE BASE OF FIRE S - SQUEEZE TRIGGER S - SWEEP NOZZLE OVER FIRE SAFETY MEDICAL DEVICE ACT Answer- ANY DEVICE-RELATED OCCURRENCE CAUSING DEATH, SERIOUS INJURY OR SERIOUS ILLNESS MUST BE REPORTED TO RISK MANAGEMENT IF YOUR PT HAS A RADIUM IMPLANT (SIGN ON DOOR), WHAT SHOULD YOU DO BEFORE VENIPUNCTURE? Answer- AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE AND INFECTIOUS WASTE Answer- ANY MATERIAL WITH POTENTIAL OF CARRYING DISEASE 10-15% OF ALL MEDICAL WASTE IS INFECTIOUS HEALTH HAZARDS ACUTE VS CHRONIC EFFECTS Answer- ACUTE: - N / V, DIARRHEA, ITCHING, IRRITATION, RASH, HEADACHE, FAINTING CHRONIC: - ORGAN DAMAGE, CANCER, FERTILITY & GENETIC PROBLEMS, DEATH MOST COMMONLY RECOMMENDED METHOD FOR TREATING INFECTIOUS WASTE? Answer- **STEAM & INCINERATION** OTHERS: THERMAL GAS / VAPOR STERILIZATION THERMAL INACTIVATION IRRADIATION STERILIZATION CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT WHAT TYPE OF INUJURIES ARE THE MOST COMMON, SERIOUS, AND COSTLY WOR-RELATED INJURIES Answer- BACK INJURIES PNEUMATIC TUBE SYSTEM Answer- USES LEAK-PROOF PLASTIC BAGS & PLACE IN SHOCK RESISTANT CAPSULE (USED IN INPATIENT SETTINGS) WHAT IS THE TIME LIMIT TO CENTRIFUGE YOUR BLOOD SPECIMENS? Answer- PREFERABLY WITHIN 45 MIN CLSI LIMITS IT TO 2 HRS WHICH SPECIMENS NEED TO BE CHILLED DURING TRANSPORT? Answer- BLOOD GASSES GASTRIN AMMONIA LACTIC ACID RENIN WHICH SPECIMENS ARE KEPT AT 37 DEGREES CELSIUS? (= 98.6F) Answer- COLD AGGLUTININS CRYOFIBRINOGEN WHICH SPECIMENS NEED TO BE KEPT PROTECTED FROM LIGHT DURING TRANSPORT? Answer- BILIRUBIN CAROTENE VIT B-12 FOLATE ALIQUOTS Answer- IN CENTRAL PROCESSING, ONE SPECIMEN CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL SMALL PORTIONS FOR SIMULTANEOUS TESTING IN DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS CP'S RESPONSIBILITIES Answer- CENTRAL PROCESSING ( WHERE ALL SPECIMENS ARE RECEIVED) RESPONSIBLE FOR PACKAGING AND SENDING SPECIMENS TO OUTSIDE LABS RECORDS THE ARRIVAL OF SPECIMENS BY LOGGING THEM IN (COMPUTERIZED) EACH SPECIMEN IS GIVEN AN ACCESSION NUMBER RECORDS & KEEPS TRACK OF ALL SEND OUTS WHY ARE HEMOLYZED SPECIMENS PINK / RED? Answer- RUPTURE OF RBC MEMBRANE CAUSES A LEAKAGE OF HEMOGLOBIN WHICH IMPARTS A PINK / RED COLOR TO THE SERUM / PLASMA