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Unit Final Test Biomedical Study Guide EXAM LATEST WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED PASS! variable not being tested in an expirament; used for comparison. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a control? heart rate, respiratory rate, skin conductivity - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What does a polygraph test assess? heart rate and respiratory rate fluctuate, skin begins to sweat - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
How would you expect heart rate, resperatory rate, blood pressure, and skin conductivity to change if someone was lying? because they can be manipulated and are inconsistent - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔- why are polygraph tests not admissible in court?
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what process do scientist typically follow when designing experiments? An independent variable is the part of an experiment we cannot influence - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is an independent variable?
An dependent variable is the part of an experiment we influence, ex: what kind of soil we choose for a plant to grow in - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a dependent variable? something to compare results to, uninfluenced - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a control in a experiment? guessing what will happen in a experiment and results - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
what is a hypothesis? Activity 1.1.3 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>> Arch Fingerprint - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what kind of fingerprint pattern is this? Tented Arch Fingerprint - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what kind of fingerprint is this? Loop Fingerprint - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what kind of fingerprint is this? Whorl Fingerprint - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what kind of fingerprint is this? Ridge Ending - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what minutiae is this?
Red blood cells - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is this component in blood? Erythrocytes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what are red blood cells's scientific name? Hemoglobin-rich cells that transport oxygen through a body. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) give the red color to vertebrate blood and do not have nuclei. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What do Erythrocytes do? White blood cells - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is this component in blood? Leukocytes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what are white blood cells scientific name? They fight infection in the body - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What do Leukocytes do? Platelets - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is this component in blood? Thrombocytes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the scientific name of platelets? assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and damaged epithelium. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What do Thrombocytes do?
Plasma - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is this component in blood? hint: its a liquid take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it. Carries stuff throughout the body. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what does plasma do? the initial testing that suggests a sample may be blood
- identify blood based on the properties of the hemoglobin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
what is a presumptive test? Confirmatory testing relies on other unique properties of blood, such as structures present on the surface of red blood cells called antigens, these tests confirm the presence of blood at a scene. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a confirmatory test? A presumptive blood test using phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide. If blood is present, the indicator immediately turns pink. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a Kastle-Meyer test? Q tip, distilled water, rub on blood stain, 2 drops 95% ethanol, 2 drops phenolphthalein peroxide, 2 drops hydrogen peroxide. This test uses a compound known as phenolphthalein, which reacts with the iron carried by hemoglobin. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>how is the Kastle-Meyer test performed? 4 blood types with both positive and negative variations (8 in total) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>how many blood types are there?
how the murder or attack happened, and what weapon was used. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what information can be gathered by examining blood that was left at a crime scene. The higher blood drips from the wider the blood gets (every 40 cm the diameter increases by 1 mm). The drops also spread apart more. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
What is the relationship between the diameter of a blood droplet and the height from which it was dropped? droplets that fell from 100 cm - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What kind of blood stain was at the Anna Garcia crime scene? transfers (dragging), spatters (blood travels through air), falling droplets (90 angle from where dropped), force and direction (blood goes in direction), radial spatter what is a confirmatory test? A presumptive blood test using phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide. If blood is present, the indicator immediately turns pink. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a Kastle-Meyer test? Q tip, distilled water, rub on blood stain, 2 drops 95% ethanol, 2 drops phenolphthalein peroxide, 2 drops hydrogen peroxide. This test uses a compound known as phenolphthalein, which reacts with the iron carried by hemoglobin. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>how is the Kastle-Meyer test performed? 4 blood types with both positive and negative variations (8 in total) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>how many blood types are there? how the murder or attack happened, and what weapon was used. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what information can be gathered by examining blood that was left at a crime scene. The higher blood drips from the wider the blood gets (every 40 cm the diameter increases by 1 mm). The drops also spread apart more. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔- >>>>>>>>What is the relationship between the diameter of a blood droplet and the height from which it was dropped? droplets that fell from 100 cm - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What kind of blood stain was at the Anna Garcia crime scene? transfers (dragging), spatters (blood travels through air), falling droplets (90 angle from where dropped), force and direction (blood goes in direction), radial spatter (impact that sends droplets away from area contacted ex: gun shot). Size differentiates from how high, where blood came from. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔- what are the different blood splatters? 3 feet - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>from what height was the blood found at the scene dropped? Deoxyribose - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the sugar in the DNA structure called? double helix - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the structure of DNA? nucleotides - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what monomers make up DNA?
DNA is a negatively charged molecule - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>how is DNA charged? The purines in DNA are adenine and guanine, the pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine (also uracil from RNA). Purines are larger than pyrimidines because they have a two-ring structure while pyrimidines only have a single ring. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the difference between purines and pyrimidines (hint: they are both DNA bases!) phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar), nitrogenous base - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
what are the parts of a nucleotide? blueprints for protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the function of DNA? (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar, deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleotide uracil while DNA contains thymine. RNA is single stranded, while DNA is double. DNA stores genetic info, while RNA transports the genetic info from DNA to the ribosomes to make proteins. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what are the differences between DNA and RNA Inside a cell, theres a nucleus, and in the nucleus is stored DNA into chromosomes, and genes are made of DNA. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the relationship between DNA, gene, chromosome, cell, nucleus?
Three step process used to duplicate DNA to be analyzed easier. Split the DNA, put primers to attach where DNA wants to be copied, TAQ attaches where put primes, copies regions of DNA. Heat and cool to whatever temp in thermal cycler to get TAQ polymerase enzyme to work. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What is PCR process and how does it work Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut up DNA, derived from bacteria, to separate specific sequences of DNA. After PCR process, restriction enzymes help by separating the DNA to help scientists analyze genes that are unique. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What are restriction enzymes and what do they do, and how are they helpful? G and A - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Where does EcoRI cut in DNA sequence? The cardiovascular system pumps blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, through the kidneys, which remove toxic waste, and the to liver, which processes blood from the digestive tract. It consists of the heart and blood vessels, the cardiovascular system transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the cardiovascular system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? The digestive system extracts nutrients from food and delivers them to the body. Hollow organs, such as the esophagus and intestines, physically pass food through the digestive tract, and solid organs, like the pancreas and gallbladder, produce digestive enzymes. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the digestive system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? The lymphatic system is a network of organs, tissues, vessels, and nodes that filter and circulate lymph throughout the body. It is comprised of the spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes. Lymph is a clear fluid that contains a high
concentration of white blood cells and plays an important role in the immune response. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the lymphatic system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? The muscular system contains all muscles that connect to bones and help the body move. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the muscular system? GG and CC - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Where does Haell cut in DNA sequence? A and A - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Where does Hindlll cut in DNA sequence? Adenine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What nitrogenous base is this? Thymine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What nitrogenous base is this? Guanine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What nitrogenous base is this? Cytosine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What nitrogenous base is this? Uracil - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What nitrogenous base is this? A process used to separate then compare DNA. Agarose gel is used to filter the DNA by the size of the molecules, and is placed inside an electrophoresis chamber filled with buffer liquid. Digested DNA fragments mixed with dye are then placed into the gel, after which the buffer liquid is charged with electricity. Since DNA is negatively charged, the DNA fragments move through the gel towards the
The circumstances that result in death, which are designated as natural or unnatural. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the manner of death? What happens physiologically (inside the body) to result in death. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the mechanism of death? natural, accidental, suicidal, and homicidal - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what are the four manners of death? The nervous system contains the brain, brainstem, and nerves. It can be divided into two structural systems: central and peripheral. The nervous system is responsible for generating and sending electrochemical signals throughout the body. The signals enable the body to detect and respond to stimuli. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the nervous system, what comprises it, and what is its function? The skeletal system contains the bones that give structure to the human body. Bones protect and support vital organs and work with muscles to help the body move. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the skeletal system? The respiratory system is made of all of the structures that bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide. It is composed of the lungs, the nose, the trachea and the breathing muscles. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the respiratory system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? The urinary system, also called the renal system, is responsible for filtering waste from the bloodstream and expelling it out of the body as urine. Parts of the urinary system include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the urinary system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? The reproductive system contains all of the organs and structures responsible for the fertilization, gestation, and development of a fetus. Reproductive organs also produce hormones. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>female reproductive system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? Produces testosterone and fertilization cells. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>male reproductive system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function The endocrine system contains the organs and glands that produce hormones. They regulate all biological processes. Organs and glands: Thyroid&Parathyroid, Adrenal gland, Testes/Ovaries, Pituitary gland, Thymus, Pancreas. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is the endocrine system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? This system is composed of the skin, hair, and nails and functions in protection, absorption, secretion, regulation, and sensation. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
what is the integumentary system, what is it comprised of, and what is its function? the stiffening of joints and muscles after death - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is rigor mortis? the stiffening of the joints can determine the TOD. The body starts rigor after 2- 4 hours and reaches full rigor in 8-12 hours and fades away after 36-48. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>how can rigor mortis determine the time of death?
By their presence, and what stage they're in. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>How can insects be used to provide a timeline on an individual's time of death? forensic toxicology focuses on identifying the role any substances may have played in an illness or death. During an autopsy, the medical examiner collects samples of tissues and bodily fluids from the decedent. The forensic toxicologist analyzes these samples. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what role do toxicologists play in criminal investigations? Aspirin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what powder was found at the Anna Garcia scene? Visually inspecting the organs or tissues and describing what is seen is referred to as "grossing" or gross examination. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a gross examination? medical examiners would perform the gross examination, while a histologist would perform the microscopic examination. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Which specialist performs which type of examination in forensic cases? is the study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues and histologists are the professionals who perform the work. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what is a histologist? This hierarchy begins with the smallest unit of life, the cell. Similarly functioning cells work together to form tissues, and groups of tissues that perform a specific function make up organs. Groups of organs that work together to perform one or
more larger functions make up an organ system - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>How are cells, organs, organ systems, and tissues related? The brain processes the information, makes decisions about what to do, and sends signals back via the peripheral nervous system to bring about a specific change. The spinal cord brings information and relays signals to and from the brain. The peripheral nervous system brings information from the outside world and from within the body to the central nervous system for processing. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What are the major organs/structures of the Nervous System and their respective functions. frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
what are the four lobes of the brain? The frontal lobe is responsible for cognitive function and emotions. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What does the frontal lobe do? The parietal lobe is responsible for sensory perception and integration. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What does the parietal lobe do? Hear and smell, along with everything else the frontal lobe does - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>What does the temporal lobe do? Visual perception - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>what does the occipital lobe do? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
