Middle East History: Key Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Political Science

Download Middle East History: Key Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Political Science in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Fertile Cresent countries DEFINITION 1 (Leavant) Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine TERM 2 Who coined term Middle East DEFINITION 2 Navy officer Alfred Maham TERM 3 Middle East also known as? DEFINITION 3 Southwest Asia, Levant, Orient TERM 4 Islam in the Middle East DEFINITION 4 90% of middle east population is Muslim, however Muslims in the middle east are slightly more than 1/3 of Muslims WW TERM 5 Israel is what percent Jewish? Lebanon what percent Christian? DEFINITION 5 76% Jewish39% Christian TERM 6 Traditional Monarchs DEFINITION 6 Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman TERM 7 Authoritarian Governments DEFINITION 7 Algeria, Syria, Yemen TERM 8 Representative systems DEFINITION 8 (Turkey, Israel, Lebanon actual democracies)Palestine, Iraq TERM 9 Birth of Islam DEFINITION 9 570 Muhammad born in Mecca610 1st revelation, when he wote Quran 622 Emigrates to Medina TERM 10 4 rightly guided caliphs DEFINITION 10 Abu Bakr 632-634Umar 634-644Uthman 644-656Ali 656- 661 Golden Age TERM 21 Post WWI peace settlements DEFINITION 21 Son Remo conference (1920)Today's boundaries were drawn because of mandatesColonies were given to higher powers but they tried not to make them seem like colonies to the people living in them TERM 22 1930 White Paper DEFINITION 22 Pass of White Paper in 1930: Restrictions on size of Jew immigration to Palestine TERM 23 Great Arab revolt DEFINITION 23 1936-39 Peel commission findings (1937): for the 1st time partition is proposed TERM 24 2nd White paper. When and Why? DEFINITION 24 1939 End of WWII and increasing pressure on the British to accept more Jews TERM 25 Revisionist Zionism DEFINITION 25 Formation of new jew militias Irgun and Stern insisted upon the Jewish right to sovereignty over the whole territory of Eretz Yisrael (originally encompassing all of Mandatory Palestine). The British establishment of Transjordan (modern day state of Jordan) adversely affected this goal and was a great set-back for the movement. TERM 26 Partition of Palestine DEFINITION 26 Civil war ensued between the Arabs and Jews ensued the adoption of partition plan Britain withdrew 5/15/1948 Israel declared state 5/14/1948 British tried to partition Palestine into an arab state and a Jewish state, the jewish accepted the arabs denied TERM 27 Nakba DEFINITION 27 The 1948 Palestinian exodus, known in Arabic as the Nakba, occurred when approximately 711,000 to 725,000 Palestinian Arabs left, fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.Nakba means the catastrophe TERM 28 Creation of Palestinian refugees DEFINITION 28 1949 agreement was signed between wielding powers, arab citizens of Palestine became refugees TERM 29 1956 War DEFINITION 29 Nassers policies and the Egyptian blockade of the Straits of Tiran Israel attacked Egypt with support from France and Britain U.N. called for armistice which put troops on both sides of the canal TERM 30 Lavon affair DEFINITION 30 The Lavon Affair refers to a failed Israeli covert operation, code named Operation Susannah, conducted in Egypt in the Summer of 1954. As part of the false flag operation, a group of Egyptian Jews were recruited by Israeli military intelligence for plans to plant bombs inside Egyptian, American and British-owned targets.(plot to attack US targets in Egypt) to look like Egyptian communist did it TERM 31 6 day war DEFINITION 31 Israel attacks on Egyptian air forces 6/5/1967, Israel destroyed almost all of air forceIsrael conquered Golan Heights, Gaza strip, Sinai, and West Bank TERM 32 Aftermath of 6day war DEFINITION 32 UN resolution 242 Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from the territories occupied in the recent conflict The guarantee of navigation thru international and local waters A just settlement for the refugee problem TERM 33 Political effects of the 6day war DEFINITION 33 2nd biggest trauma in the arab world emergence of settler movement and radical religious Zionism in Israel rise of Palestinian nationalism and the rise of the PLO TERM 34 1973 war DEFINITION 34 The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War, also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab- Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.UN resolution 338 - called for a cease fire TERM 35 Nassar dies DEFINITION 35 Sadat becomes new president of Egypt Sadat increases popularity and pessimist mood with the "Yom Kippur" attack TERM 46 UN resolution 242 DEFINITION 46 UN resolution 242 Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from the territories occupied in the recent conflict The guarantee of navigation thru international and local waters A just settlement for the refugee problem TERM 47 Oslo Accords DEFINITION 47 1st agreement 9/10/1993 mutual agreements between state ofIsraeland PLO TERM 48 Declaration of principles DEFINITION 48 Israel will gradually withdraw from Palestinian cities and a Palestinian authority (PA) will be established in its place In 12/1995, negotiations on reaching a final settlement will be started to take effect in 1999 TERM 49 Oslo II DEFINITION 49 Area A - Main Palestinian cities left to PAArea B - Palestinian areas under Israeli controlArea C - Israeli territory TERM 50 Leader of PA DEFINITION 50 Arafat TERM 51 Oslo Reactions DEFINITION 51 1994 Hamas launches 1st suicide bombings against Israeli citizens Settlements continue to grow Yitshak Rabin assassinated by a religious nationalist univ student Right-wing Netanyhu elected PM in 1996, back in charge now TERM 52 Yitshak Rabin DEFINITION 52 Israeli leader assassinated in 1995Significant because he worked with Palestinians to produce Oslo accords,successivewas not nearly as willing to deal with PLO( , , Is'haq Rabeen; 1 March 1922- 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. TERM 53 Camp David II DEFINITION 53 7/11-14/200The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. No solution reached TERM 54 David Ben Gurion DEFINITION 54 David Ben Gurion announced the formation of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948. TERM 55 Aliyah DEFINITION 55 Aliyah is the immigration of Jews to the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael). It is one of the most basic tenets of Zionist ideology. 1st territories for Jewish immigration TERM 56 Theodor Herzl DEFINITION 56 Father of political zionism TERM 57 SykesPicot Agreement DEFINITION 57 SykesPicot Agreementon 16 May 1916.[6]This agreement divided many Arab territories into British- and French-administered areas and allowed for the internationalisation of PalestineThe Sykes- Picot Agreement, officially known as the Asia Minor Agreement, was a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Russia, defining their proposed spheres of influence and control in Middle East should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I. TERM 58 The Arab revolt DEFINITION 58 TheArab Revolt(19161918) (Arabic: Al-Thawra al-`Arabiyya) (Turkish:Arap syan) was initiated by theSherif Hussein bin Aliwith the aim of securing independence from the rulingOttoman Turksand creating a single unifiedArabstate spanning fromAleppoinSyriatoAdeninYemen.