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Unit 6 DNA Structure and Replication Review Exams 2025, Exams of Nursing

Unit 6 DNA Structure and Replication Review Exams 2025

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/21/2025

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Review Exams 2025

What are the three parts or components of a nucleotide? - Correct Answers ✅deoxyribose, phosphate and a nitrogenous base. How are the four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named? - Correct Answers ✅they are named (after) on what type of nitrogen containing base they are made of. Describe the meaning of a double helix in terms of the DNA molecule, including the general structure: - Correct Answers ✅The double helix is described as a strand of two complementary DNA wound around each other. The structure of this is of a spiral or what can be called a twisted ladder. Ladder- Sugar/phosphate and Steps of the Ladder- nitrogenous bases. What does DNA store? - Correct Answers ✅DNA stores the genetic/hereditary information for all organisms. How did Griffith's experiments lead him to discover the "transforming principle" and explain what the "transforming principle" was in his experiments? - Correct Answers ✅Griffith injected deadly heat-killed S bacteria into mice and they lived. Then he injected them with the deadly heat-killed S bacteria mixed with harmless R bacteria and the mice died. The R bacteria somehow transformed into live S bacteria.

Review Exams 2025

What were the results of these four experiments: Injecting the mice with the S bacteria: - Correct Answers ✅The mice died What were the results of these four experiments: Injecting the mice with the R bacteria: - Correct Answers ✅The mice lived. What were the results of these four experiments: Injecting the mice with the heat-killed S bacteria: - Correct Answers ✅The mice lived. What were the results of these four experiments: Injecting the mice with the combination of the heat-killed bacteria and live R bacteria: - Correct Answers ✅The mice died and the bacteria in their blood concentration contained the deadly S bacteria. What did Watson and Crick discover about how the two strands of DNA are joined together? - Correct Answers ✅That the two strands of DNA are formed into a double helix and that these strands are held together by hydrogen bonds. How are the two strands of a DNA molecule are held together? - Correct Answers ✅They are held together through hydrogen bonds. Describe how Avery's study proved that DNA is the "transforming principle"? - Correct Answers ✅Avery's team was able to break apart

Review Exams 2025

the bacteria and only use parts of the S bacteria cell like the DNA, RNA and proteins. From this they mixed these parts with the R bacteria and then waited to see if transformation occured. Transformation occured only when the DNA was mixed with the R bacteria. What would be the result if the cell was not able to make helicase? - Correct Answers ✅Then the cell would not be able to seperate and thus replication would not occur. Hershey and Chase designed an experiment to determine the chemical makeup of Griffith's transforming principle. Describe how Hershey and Chase's experiments proved more than Avery that DNA was the "transforming principle." - Correct Ansers✅Hershey and chase used two different radioactive material that attached to either DNA or the protein coat of bacteriophages. Then introduced the bacteriophages to the bacteria. When the bacteria's DNA glowed they proved that it was in fact the "transforming principle". How did Hershey and Chase use bacteriophages, DNA and Proteins in their experiment and why was the bacteriophage a choice for their experiment? - Correct Answers ✅Hershey and Chase used bacteriophages that were grown in radioactive material where the sulfur form attached to the DNA and the Phosphorous attached to the proteins. Their choice of the bacteriophage was that it only had DNA and a protein coat.

Review Exams 2025

Describe what has to happen first before the DNA can be replicated? - Correct Answers ✅Before a cell replicates it DNA it must go through GAP 1 of Interphase where the cell has to grow. Does replication occur continuously in opposite directions in the two strands of DNA that have been separated by the helicase? (include the leading/lagging strand and DNA Polymerase) - Correct Answers ✅(ASK TEACHER FOR DEFINITE ANSWER) No, replication doesn't occur continuously in both strands of DNA but rather only on the leading strand going left because of its DNA polymerase 3. The lagging strand cannot do this because it goes in the opposite direction because of its DNA polymerase I. Why is DNA replication considered semiconservative? - Correct Answers ✅The DNA molecule includes a parental strand and newly created DNA strand; because each chromosome ends up with one new strand of DNA and one old strand. Describe how helicase, DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III play a part in DNA replication. - Correct Answers ✅DNA strands are separated at the hydrogen bonds by the helicase enzyme. One separated there are stabilizing proteins. There are now a leading/lagging strands of the original DNA.Then two different enzymes (the DNA polymerase and 3) attach to these different strands (1-

Review Exams 2025

lagging, 3-leading) These enzymes then create new strands of DNA in the cell. What are the four types of Nitrogenous bases? - Correct Answers ✅Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. What is the definition of purine? - Correct Answers ✅A two ringed structure. What nitrogenous bases are purines? - Correct Answers ✅Adenine and Guanine. What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - Correct Answers ✅Thymine and Cytosine. What is the definition of purimindine? - Correct Answers ✅A one ringed structure.