Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Fundamentals, Exams of Nursing

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USI Certification Test Study Guide What type of flight control system was developed in the 1950s and 60s to relax the stability of an aircraft in an effort to make it more maneuverable? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Fly-by-wire What is the term used to name what happens when an uplink or down link is broken? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Lost link Which of the following would be an example of a sUAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: ScanEagle Name the component of a UA that houses most of the equipment and acts as the basic structure. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Fuselage What is scattering? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Beam of radio waves hitting a mass of smaller materials, which individually reflect and spread the radio waves in different directions What electro-mechanical device can be used to move a control surface? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Servo A UAS remote pilot can collapse and make his/her display completely disappear, if desired. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: True What bandwidth of EMR is useful for looking at the thermal emittance of an object? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Infrared What multirotor configuration sUAS uses vectored thrust to control the yaw axis? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Tricopter What does an image's geolocation data contain? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Sensor's location What type of sensor is an electro-optical camera using as a flash for illumination at night? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Active What can limit a datalink's strength/range? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Environmental factors, power, antenna type, and range Most UAS pilot displays of a modern-day GCS are in a _____ configuration. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: lateral What is based on information critical to the operation of the aircraft? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Display design What technology was added to the TDR-1 that made it different from all previous UAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Television guidance Which of the follow is considered contingency planning? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Lost communications flight plan What system was the original genesis of the modern-day Predator? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Leading Systems Amber Air temperature decreases and air density _____ with increases in altitude. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: decreases What are the four core components of a UAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Unmanned aircraft, payload, control station, control link In general, as the AOA of an airfoil increases, what two forces also increase? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Lift and drag Digital imagery can be transmitted from a remote sensing platform to a ground station using the _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: RF datalink What is the primary functional use of a RADAR or LiDAR sensor? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Measuring distances What is refraction? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another, due to a change in their speed UA can move through 3-D space with _____ degrees of freedom. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: six A waypoint is a place where the AV is halfway through the mission. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: False What is the difference between a guided missile and a modern UAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Modern UAS are intended for recovery and guided missiles are expendable. Which of the following describes a PCB? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Ground station with a small tablet attached What is antenna gain? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Resultant increase by amplitude of the signal What is the primary advantage of rotary-wing aircraft over a fixed-wing? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: VTOL and hovering flight capability Name a type of active sensor used in a remote sensing payload. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: LiDAR What was the first full-scale remotely piloted aircraft? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Sopwith Aerial Target What year did nonmilitary agencies begin using UAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 2004 Which of the following is usually found in a manned cockpit and UAS remote pilot display? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Airspeed indicator What is the greatest advantage of a directional antenna/transceiver over an omni antenna transceiver? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Range Which of the following are primary safety datalink flight requirements concerning UAS implementation into the NAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Near real-time telemetry from the AV , Near real- time flight commands to the AV What is wave propagation? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Way in which radio waves move from the source antenna to the receiving end The MCE will usually work rotating shifts and enable the aircraft to loiter longer on station. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: True What are the visibility requirements for sUAS flight operations? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 3 statute miles The FAA has applied Class G (night) weather minimums for a RPIC to fly an unmanned aircraft under VFR. These minimums include: - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 3 SM visibility and 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 2,000 feet horizontal of clouds Which is true regarding flight operations to or from another airport, without an operating control tower, and for the Class C (towered) airspace area? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Prior to entering that airspace, pilots must establish and maintain communication with the ATC serving facility. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is a layer in the atmosphere that (select all that apply): - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Is a dynamic environment whose character changes within the period of a day , Is often characterized by turbulence A remote pilot will need permission from ATC to fly a UAS 400 feet and below in Class G airspace. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: False The high cost of purchasing and operating sUAS is a significant limiting factor in adoption of the technology by police and fire agencies. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: False Commercial UAS weather briefings are best obtained through one of the many phone applications developed for UAS hobbyists. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: False Aircraft (not battery) performance improves as: - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: temperature decreases Where could a remote pilot find the CTAF of an airport? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: U.S. Chart Supplement and VFR Sectional Charts What subchapter part of US Code Title 14 covers small unmanned aircraft? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Part 107 A remote pilot can fly sUAS under another aircraft as part of a yield maneuver. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: False Pilots at towered airports can only deviate from towered airport instructions when _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: receiving an amended clearance or during an emergency Pursuant to 14 CFR Part 107, no coordination with air traffic control is required for operations in Class-G airspace. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: True Can anyone other than a RPIC manipulate the controls of a UAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Yes, however, these flights can only be conducted under the supervision of the remote PIC. What is the maximum altitude that a remote pilot can fly a sUAS under Part 107 flight rules? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 400 feet AGL If a pilot observed this sign, where would the aircraft be located? (image is a big letter A) - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Taxiway Alpha To conduct flight, a visibility of ____________ statute miles is required. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 3 Which of the following are attributes of professionals? (select all that apply) - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Organized , Level headed , Risk averse , Methodical For the remote pilot, the FAA extends the flight operational window to include civil twilight, if there is _____.? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: proper anti-collision lighting U.S. law enforcement agencies have been more proactive in utilizing sUAS than U.S. fire departments. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: True Notices to Airman (NOTAMs) related to UAS operations are issued by the _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: FAA through their official vendor Leidos (formerly Lockheed-Martin) According to the AIM, initial contact with the tower should be made approximately ____ NM out from the airport. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 15 When identifying a runway at an airport, a pilot can observe a large white number on each end that corresponds to a degree on a compass. If a pilot were to land on Runway 5, what would be the runway heading at the opposite end? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 230 Which of the following associations are correct? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: A valley breeze during the day , A mountain breeze at night time , A sea breeze blows from the sea to the land The Federal Aviation Administration's extremely rapid and efficient rulemaking process has been a major factor in the widespread adoption of sUAS technology. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: False What are the limits to Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Furthest point at which an observer can see the system's location, as well as determine the system's attitude, altitude, and direction of flight with an unaided eye What is covered data? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Any information that can identify a particular person. Near the surface, and in the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow: - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: counter-clockwise; converging somewhat into lows You should monitor the tower frequency of an airport, if you were to deploy your UA within _____NM of an airport. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 5 The sUAS operated by a university and utilized to conduct research on snow distribution would be classified in the _____ user category. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: scientific Why should remote pilots check NOTAMs? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Center NOTAMs list TFRs. What government agency regulates unmanned aircraft systems? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Federal Aviation Administration When is controlling a sUAS from another vehicle allowed? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Over a sparsely populated area , When no cargo is being transported for compensation Which of the NOTAMs is most import to a remote pilot? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Class D The ICAO phonetic alphabet telephony for the character "N" is _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: November What is the definition of a PIC? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: The individual that has the final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of an sUAS operation What does the remote pilot need to do if experiencing a UAS flyaway? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Monitor the system's location, and if the UA enters airspace that requires new authorization, then the remote pilot needs to immediately notify ATC. What does the study of ethics do for a professional? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Distinguishes intentions, actions, or behaviors as being either right or wrong What types of flight operations can be exceeded with the granting of Certificates of Waiver? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: BLOS operations , Operations in certain airspace , Flying over spectators Which is true regarding flight operations in Class B airspace? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: The pilot must receive an ATC clearance before operating in that area. What is the gap between a remote pilot's abilities and the task requirements for controlling and monitoring the UAS? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Margin of safety A common training shortfall is _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All of the answers are correct A system design in which humans and technology are well integrated is a design that supports the anticipation and preparation. This refers to the design guideline to _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: support projection The three most important steps for crews-to-resource UAS missions are _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: planning, executing, and assessing What is "VVM" as it relates to CRM/TEM? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Verify, Validate, and Monitor all crewmembers on actions taken by any crewmember Instead of focusing on specific user requests and criticisms, system developers should focus on _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: the reasoning behind the requests and criticisms What mnemonic can help remote pilots choose the correct course of action? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: CARE For decades, researchers believed the capacity for working memory to be _____ of information. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: 7 +/- 2 chunks Sometimes, knowledge does not activate and is not recalled when needed. In order to avoid this, you could _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All answers are correct Information in memory that is interconnected on the basis of its involvement in a common event is called _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: episodic memory When automation conceals an escalating problem from the operator until the point when it cannot handle the problem any longer, and then hands off control of the ailing system to the operator, that is known as _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: automation surprise Cognitive heuristics are a means to _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All answers are correct What types of medication should UAS remote pilots avoid when actively flying? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Any medicines that will affect the remote pilot's mental state Which of these are CRM Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP)? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Leadership , Communication , Situation awareness The three levels of situation awareness formation are _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Perception, Comprehension, and Projection Which of the following can cause us to misperceive information? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All answers are correct What is one of the major reasons for a UAS remote pilot to conduct a site visit? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Identify suitable launch and recovery areas What hazardous attitude occurs in situations where the remote pilot feels the need to do something— anything—immediately? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Impulsivity What does planning the mission involve? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Set objectives, tasks, and timelines. , Choose the right team for the mission. , Determine the resources necessary to attain objectives. What are the three broad areas of stress? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Physical, physiological, psychological Expert basketball players have high levels of perceptual-motor fluency. This means their perception and performance _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: are tuned to the demands of playing basketball What antidote can be applied to the hazardous attitude of resignation? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: You are not helpless, you can make a difference if you put your mind to it. The risk of "tunneled attention" is increased by _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: sleep deprivation Where can a remote pilot get official sources of weather? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: NWS offices (including contract observatories) , Flight service stations , SAWRS (facilities usually operated by an aeronautical enterprise or a local government under an agreement with the NWS) , LAWRS (observations taken by airport traffic control towers) Automated surface observations [includes a variety of systems generally known as Automated Weather Observation Systems (AWOS)] , Any active meteorological office operated by a foreign state which subscribes (is signatory) to the standards and practices of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) conventions What antidote can be applied to the hazardous attitude of macho? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Taking chances is foolish. Which of the following are elements of SA relevant to effective CRM and TEM? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Flight path of all aircraft in the operating environment , Time , Objectives , Location of terrain , Airspace In Reason's Swiss Cheese Model, the events and conditions that contributed to an error's occurrence are called _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: latent conditions The RPIC as a leader must establish an open tone that solicits input, feedback, and questions, even in a high workload, high-tempo operation. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: True Which of the following are systems within the UAS operational environment? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Unmanned aircraft (possibly multiple) , Control station(s) , Air traffic control facility What hazardous attitude can be present in people who are nonconformists? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Antiauthority Root cause analysis will enable an organization to do all of the following except for which answer option? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Provide useful information for predicting future performance of a process What does "Compliance is not Safety" mean? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: It is not enough to comply with the federal regulations, you must proactively integrate safety policies and procedures for your organization. Root causes of operational risk are always located in which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Quality Management System (QMS) Who is the accountable executive for an aviation organization? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: The accountable executive holds the ultimate responsibility for the SMS program. An Acceptable Level of Safety (ALoS) is established by whom? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Safety committee When seeking to identify all of the hazards that will be associated with a flight operation, the first best way to start a list is to look at the flight from a _____ perspective. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: chronological/sequential Safety newsletters are best described as providing safety information in the following way: - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Unidirectional technique that should be friendly in tone and focused on safety, but can also have other helpful information Which of the following is the most correct with respect to the concept of controls in operational processes and procedures? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Organizational policies and procedures are useful controls. Why is documentation practice important? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All of these answers When seeking to mitigate an evaluated risk, it is important to consider whether it can be mitigated for _____, _____, _____, or _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: probability, severity, both, none Why is a positive Safety Culture important? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All of these answers A _____ should be utilized by the flying organization whenever a new type of mission is undertaken. They should not be conducted for every flight, but are very productive and useful for the first flight in a new style of flying. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: deliberate risk analysis Safety Promotion is a(n) _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: systematic way to provide safety knowledge throughout your organization in support of developing a safety culture Match the term with its appropriate definition: - correct answer ✔✔Response: Probability => The likelihood of an event coming to pass Response: Mitigation => To lessen the overall risk by decreasing the probability and/or severity of a hazard Response: Hazard => A real or perceived condition, event, or circumstance that a pilot encounters Response: Risk => The assessed potential for adverse consequences resulting from a hazard Response: Severity => The degree to which the negative effects occur or are experienced Which of the following is the most common approach to continuous improvement and operational change? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Shewart cycle Internal audits are typically performed by which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: The operating department or process owner that owns the technical activities Which of the following is not a characteristic of internal evaluation? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Internal evaluation is often referred to as quality control. Which of the following is an incorrect characteristic of a Safety Management System (SMS)? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Once an SMS is fully implemented, there will be no need to maintain the capability of reactive data collection activities, because the organization has evolved to proactive and predictive safety methods. Safety Promotion is often referred to as the _____ pillar of SMS. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: fourth Aviation safety was born in the wake of the first aviation accidents. Why? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: First attempts led to preventing further mistakes. Once the mitigators are devised for a deliberate risk analysis, the best way to ensure that the implementation is effective is to utilize established project management techniques that outlines _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: who is assigned an action item, the time that the item is due, to what level of fidelity the item must be completed, and the resources that are available What techniques should not be used to help train team members in hazard reporting and analysis? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Using an incident or accident that occurred, demanding why those involved accepted the risk and why their calculation failed to address the problem before hand, in front of peers Safety Risk Management (SRM) encompasses the _____ and _____ of safety risks. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: assessment, mitigation Which of the following team members should be involved in training and education programs related to safety? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: All of these answers An SMS manual must be _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: provided to all members of the organization and kept up to date and approved by the organization, with any major changes/updates highlighted , available in hardcopy and/or digital copy What is the overall goal of Safety Promotion? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Disseminate safety critical information throughout all levels of an organization in the interest of providing a positive safety culture that supports hazard reporting, proper documentation, and ultimately avoids the occurrence of incidents and accidents Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Safety Risk Management (SRM) and Safety Assurance (SA) activities? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: The integration of SRM and SA elements is an unnecessary requirement to implement an effective Safety Management System. Which of the following root cause analysis tools is the easiest to use, but may provide the least insight into system design deficiencies? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Five-Why technique Which of the following is the most important source of safety data to you as a new safety practitioner? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: A combination of reactive and proactive sources A _____ should be conducted prior to the first flight of the day on every fly day. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: time-critical risk analysis Which of the following is not a characteristic of a voluntary reporting system? - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: A reporting culture is not a characteristic of the Safety Management System. The time-critical risk analysis is typically done immediately before the flight event and is used to increase crew risk awareness. The tool most often used to conduct this analysis is the _____. - correct answer ✔✔Correct answer: Flight Risk Assessment Tool