Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Fundamentals, Exams of Nursing

Download Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Fundamentals and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! UAS final The N2C-2 drone of the interwar years represented what major advance in UAS? - correct answer ✔✔First to use a manned aircraft to control a UA. Why did all of the early aircraft inventors use unmanned aircraft to test their designs? - correct answer ✔✔Many of the early tests resulted in crashes that were dangerous and could injure or kill the pilot. Major advancements in 3 technological areas came together along with this catalyst to create the "first UAS." What was the catalyst/UAS? - correct answer ✔✔WW1 / Curtis N-9 Aerial Torpedo, 1918 Name three advantages of fixed-wing UAS. - correct answer ✔✔-longer flight times -higher altitude -ability to glide The advantages of a VTOL UAS, compared with a fixed-wing UAS are: - correct answer ✔✔-small/simple launch recovery footprint -require only a small space in which to operate 3 disadvantages of VTOL UAS - correct answer ✔✔-lower altitude -shorter range -less endurance Elements of an Unmanned System are: a.) Launch and recovery system, human element, payload, communications data link, unmanned aircraft. b.)iPad, unmanned aircraft, propeller(s), payload, pilot. c.) The human element, command and control, unmanned aircraft, payload, navigation element. - correct answer ✔✔a.) Launch and recovery system, human element, payload, communications data link, unmanned aircraft. During World War II the use of Unmanned Aircraft made a transition to use as weapons. The Cold War years marked a transition to the use of unmanned aircraft as _________________. - correct answer ✔✔Reconnaissance & Decoys Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are defined by the FAA as an unmanned aircraft and its: a.) operators, pilot, and control system. b.)elements that can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely. c.) associated elements related to safe operations. - correct answer ✔✔associated elements related to safe operations. Immediately before WW-2, how did the U.S. military change the use of Unmanned Aircraft? a.) The Navy began using unmanned aircraft to bomb enemy ports. b.) The military began using unmanned aircraft as target drones instead of weapons. c.) The military used unmanned aircraft as reconnaissance platforms. - correct answer ✔✔The military began using unmanned aircraft as target drones instead of weapons. An example of the time it takes to implement a regulation is the implementation of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) which took: - correct answer ✔✔fifteen years and an act of Congress to mandate its use in commercial airliners. Part 107 Unmanned Aircraft restrictions on aircraft weight can be waivered. True or False - correct answer ✔✔False The FAA derives its power from the Department of Defense through CFR Title 14 of the US Code. True or False - correct answer ✔✔True In late 1944, the United States invited 55 states or authorities to attend a meeting that eventually brought about the: - correct answer ✔✔ICAO The Federal Aviation Administration was created by the Federal Aviation Act in: - correct answer ✔✔1958 c.) always part of federal law and someone can be prosecuted if they do not follow the AC. - correct answer ✔✔Trueonly considered law if they are referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations. Can a UAS operator fly over people? If yes/no explain, why. (The explanation is more important than the initial answer. Think about your explanation.) - correct answer ✔✔As long as you get a waiver then yes Flight test cards for UAS are used for: a.)testing the UAS in various flight environments to determine its airworthiness for the mission it will be used. b.) providing information to the FAA for airworthiness requirements. c.) allowing the pilot to practice before the actual mission. - correct answer ✔✔testing the UAS in various flight environments to determine its airworthiness for the mission it will be used. An Operational Hazard Review and Analysis is very similar to a Preliminary Hazard Analysis but done during the operation. (T/F) - correct answer ✔✔True Two Attention Types discussed in the text are: - correct answer ✔✔Selective and Divided Three of the major layers of defenses discussed in the text regarding HFACS are: a.) Preconditions, Operator Actions, and Latent Failures. b.)Organizational Influences, Supervisor Influence, and Preconditions. c.) Hindsight Bias, Supervisor Influence, and Operator Actions. - correct answer ✔✔b.)Organizational Influences, Supervisor Influence, and Preconditions. Performing a Preliminary Hazard Analysis will: a.) Allow the operator to identify, organize, evaluate, and attempt to mitigate any potential hazards. b.) Determine all hazards that exist and resolve them all. c.) Ensure that if there is an accident, the operator will not be sued. - correct answer ✔✔a.) Allow the operator to identify, organize, evaluate, and attempt to mitigate any potential hazards. When an operator mitigates a hazard, the hazard is changed by: A. reducing the probability of the hazard from occurring. B. reducing the severity of the hazard itself. C. designing out the hazard from the operation. A & C A, B, & C - correct answer ✔✔A B & C The residual risk level is the risk assigned to a hazard: a.) after the mission has been completed. b.) if the hazard was not realized. c.) after a mitigation strategy has been applied to the hazard. - correct answer ✔✔c.) after a mitigation strategy has been applied to the hazard. The preferred method for post-error analysis for the FAA is the 4 W's. (T/F) - correct answer ✔✔FAlse Assigning the severity of a hazard will give it one of four categories. Three of these categories are: a.)Catastrophic, Critical, and Moderate. b.) Catastrophic, Marginal, and Negligible. c.) Terrible, Critical, and Moderate. - correct answer ✔✔Catastrophic, Marginal, and Negligible. The reason HFACS would be used for analysis is to attribute blame. (T/F - correct answer ✔✔False During an accident investigation, when reviewing the aircraft system, the investigator can determine: a.) if the hardware was connected properly according to the planned system configuration. b.) if the software testing was inadequate. c.)whether or not the system failed due to a software issue. - correct answer ✔✔if the hardware was connected properly according to the planned system configuration. After completing the Preliminary Hazard List and Analysis the risk level of Hazard #4 is found to be assigned a risk level of 22. The operator needs to mitigate this hazard immediately. (T/F) - correct answer ✔✔False Accident Investigations should be taken seriously and: a.) the operator should consider having an expert perform the analysis and investigation. b.)are only performed if there is an injury or damage to property. c.) are easily performed by the operator of the UAS. - correct answer ✔✔a.) the operator should consider having an expert perform the analysis and investigation. During a Risk Analysis, a major step is to mitigate the Risk or Hazard. To mitigate a Risk or Hazard in this context means to: a.) Determine what Risks or Hazards are acceptable. b.) Redefine the Risk or Hazard. c.) Change either the probability or the severity, or both. - correct answer ✔✔Change either the probability or the severity, or both. Completing a Hazard Analysis for the flight stage of an operation is sufficient for the mission. (T/F) - correct answer ✔✔False Two issues in operating UAS that occur due to "human perception" are: - correct answer ✔✔Sensors onboard the UAS may not be of much help and there is a big difference between being in the aircraft and operating it from the ground. Hindsight Bias is the: - correct answer ✔✔belief that an event is more predictable after it becomes known than before it is known. 3 levels of SA - correct answer ✔✔Perception, Comprehension, Projection Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are defined by the FAA as an unmanned aircraft and its: a.) associated elements related to safe operations. b.) operators, pilot, and control system. c.) elements that can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely. - correct answer ✔✔associated elements related to safe operations. c.) Go to FAA.gov and fill out the form for Requesting a Part 107 waiver. - correct answer ✔✔Go to FAA.gov and fill out the form for Requesting a Part 107 waiver. The maximum altitude for small UAS operating under Part 107 is: - correct answer ✔✔400 ft AGL A person that is applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate must be vetted by: a.) The Transportation Security Agency. b.) The Federal Aviation Administration and a Certified Flight Instructor. c.) The Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Security Agency. - correct answer ✔✔b.) The Federal Aviation Administration and a Certified Flight Instructor. The final goal for operating Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the National Airspace System is: a.) To fly Unmanned Aircraft in Special Use Airspace and Restricted Areas. b.) To fly Unmanned Aircraft for delivering cargo only. c.) To file and fly, or to fly Unmanned Aircraft in the National Airspace System just like manned aircraft. - correct answer ✔✔To file and fly, or to fly Unmanned Aircraft in the National Airspace System just like manned aircraft. A remote pilot must evaluate her medical (mental and physical) state and determine if she is fit to operate the UAS before flight. True or False - correct answer ✔✔True The person operating the UAS under Part 107 operations must: a.) hold a remote pilot certificate or be under the direct supervision of a person holding a remote pilot certificate. b.) hold a remote pilot certificate or have a supervisor in the company that holds a remote pilot certificate. c.) does not need to have a remote pilot certificate if someone nearby has a remote pilot certificate. - correct answer ✔✔hold a remote pilot certificate or be under the direct supervision of a person holding a remote pilot certificate. The term used to describe how the UAS command and control information is sent and received both to and from the Ground Control Station and autopilot is: a.) Data Link b.) BLOS c.) LOS d.) Video Link - correct answer ✔✔Data Link Name two common sensors and explain why they are normally used for in UAS operations: - correct answer ✔✔Spectral sensors: Takes advantage of the Electromagnetic spectrum by using different frequencies through visible light cameras, Near Infrared Cameras (NIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR). Spectral sensing can be used for an array of things such as creating thermographic image for a highly detailed image during a dam inspection. SAR: Uses radar systems to send out a radar pulse. The radar pulse is then reflected back for the receiver to construct a 2D or 3D image of the return echoes. SAR is normally used for creating high quality still imagery for inspecting infrastructure such as dams or agriculture. Name 3 applications and the industry that operate sUAS for this purpose - correct answer ✔✔1. Industry: Natural Resource Management Application: Monitoring wild life e.g. looking at the migration or the census of ground nesting pelicans to ensure their safety from extinction 2. Industry: Aerial and Film Photography Application: Film making e.g. sUAS gives producers the ability to take massive aerial shots of the landscape for a certain scene 3. Industry: Agriculture Application: look into crop health assessments to ensure that crops are being well watered and nourished for upcoming harvest Three different applications that sUAS can be used for as an Atmospheric Information Collection tool are: a.) Hazardous material detection, Volumetrics, and meteorology b.) Hazardous material detection, radioactive material detection, and Emergency Response. c.) Hazardous material detection, radioactive material detection, and meteorology. - correct answer ✔✔Hazardous material detection, radioactive material detection, and meteorology. Three common applications for sUAS are: 1. Vegetation Health Measurements, Live Video, Background Imagery. 2. Emergency Response, 3-D Point cloud modeling, Background Imagery. 3. 3-D Point cloud modeling, Emergency Response, Vegetation Health Measurements. - correct answer ✔✔All of the above Electro-optical cameras, IR sensors, and LIDAR are examples of which UA system element? a.) The payload element. b.) The human element. c.) Control elements. - correct answer ✔✔a.) The payload element. Using a UAS for Search and Rescue operations, the remote sensor that would likely be used is: a.) Video camera b.) Near-infrared Camera c.) Thermal imaging camera - correct answer ✔✔c.) Thermal imaging camera The text discusses three types of control methods for UAS, they are: a.) Remote Sensing Control, Manual Control, and Automated Control. b.) Manual Control, Stabilized Control, and Automated Control. c.) Visual Control, Automated Control, and Stabilized Control. - correct answer ✔✔b.) Manual Control, Stabilized Control, and Automated Control. What are the three types of Photogrammetry discussed in the textbook? a.) Aerial Mapping, Aerial Surveying, and Volumetrics. b.) Aerial Mapping, Volumetrics, and LIDAR line scanning. c.) Aerial Surveying, Point Mapping, In Situ Collection. - correct answer ✔✔a.) Aerial Mapping, Aerial Surveying, and Volumetrics. Define "In Situ" Sensing with regard to UAS operations. - correct answer ✔✔In situ describes how measurements are made. In situ is important for UAS operations since it serves two purposes: forces the UA to respond to environmental parameters and measures the specific parts of the environment at a given location. Detect And Avoid (DAA) system components may be made of at least these three components: - correct answer ✔✔Active Sensors, Cooperative Sensors, and Avoidance Algorithms. According to the text, there are two main functions for a Detect and Avoid system, they are: Collision Avoidance and Self-Separation. Command Maneuver and Collision Avoidance. Self-Separation and Evaluate Threat. - correct answer ✔✔Answer 1 Frequencies used for Command and Control in the United States for sUAS are likely to be those frequencies that: a.) do not require a license from the Federal Communications Commission. b.) are frequencies that are not used by anyone else in the United States. c.) require a radio operator's permit and a license from the Federal Communications Commission. - correct answer ✔✔a.) do not require a license from the Federal Communications Commission. Inertial Navigation Systems use data from: a.) only the Global Positioning System (GPS) since the GPS can give it all the position data needed. b.) other sensors to stabilize and maintain position information for the autopilot. c.) the airspeed system because that system provides inertia information. - correct answer ✔✔b.) other sensors to stabilize and maintain position information for the autopilot. For sUAS aircraft, the autopilot navigation function may be based on: a.) the Remote Pilot only for guidance. b.) onboard Global Positioning System, the Remote Pilot, and the onboard accelerometers / magnetometers. c.) the Inertial Navigation System only for navigation guidance. - correct answer ✔✔b.) onboard Global Positioning System, the Remote Pilot, and the onboard accelerometers / magnetometers. Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Autopilots: a.) only needs to communicate with the remote pilot. b.) are integrated and communicate with other systems on the UAS. c.) only communicates with the navigation system. - correct answer ✔✔b.) are integrated and communicate with other systems on the UAS. Command and Control systems are __________________. 1. Beyond Line of Sight systems only. 2. continuous radio frequency communications throughout the flight. 3. hand held control devices held by the operator only. 4. autopilot systems that control the aircraft. - correct answer ✔✔Answer 2 and 4 Most Public aircraft (including UAS) and pilots operating these aircraft: 1. do not meet FAA airworthiness and pilot training requirements. 2. usually meet all FAA airworthiness and pilot training requirements. 3. do not have to meet FAA airworthiness and pilot training requirements. - correct answer ✔✔Answer 2 and 3 The real privacy issue with the use of sUAS is: a.) who is allowed to collect and receive the data taken by a sUAS and how long can it be stored. b.) Law Enforcement agencies can surveil anyone at any time. c.) sUAS operators can video you in your back yard. - correct answer ✔✔a.) who is allowed to collect and receive the data taken by a sUAS and how long can it be stored.