Uptp Exam 4 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025, Exams of Transport economics

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Uptp Exam 4 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 Aircraft countermeasures EPO 1: Identify the special aviation jurisdiction of the US & related authorities Federal Good Samaritan Act (in scope of employment if taken action) ATSA (Aviation & Transportation Security Act) Protects against liability -crime of violence -aircraft piracy Aircraft countermeasures EPO 2 Identify LEO considerations for taking action during piracy or COV FAM presence Agency policy Capability/training Aircraft Countermeasures EPO 2: 4 levels of FAM COV Level 1: verbal Level 2: physical Level 3: Life threatening Level 4: Breach of flight deck Aircraft Countermeasures EPO 2: FAM tactical mission statement Secure flight deck Ensure integrity of aircraft (structure) Do not allow plane to be used as steerable WMD Ensure safety of passengers Aircraft Countermeasures EPO 3 Identify LEO tactical response to piracy or COV Initial discrete 360 scans Deliberate scans Announcing police, no one move 6 check 3-5 seconds to POD Aircraft Countermeasures EPO 3: FAM 3 exigent circumstances Fire Bang Boom Aircraft Countermeasures EPO 4: Identify procedures for handling IED on board Least risk bomb location Flight attendant to handle IED Plastic, bomb, plastic, wet blankets, luggage 4 rows minimum distance Electronic Control Devices EPO 1: Identify tactical considerations for a back up when using a taser CID AFIDS 7 feet distance to 1 foot prongs ExDS (elevated temp, agitation, respiratory arrest, death) MANPADS EPO 1: Identify MANPADS features & capabilities Launch tube (1 use) Grip stock (reusable) Battery coolant unit (pressure) Thermal battery (heat) 30-90 sec, 25 yr lifespan MANPADS EPO 1: Types of engagements IR (fire & forget) Command Line of Sight (guide missile to aircraft) Laser beam (uses laser to connect with target) MANPADS EPO 1: Target engagement 13-15 seconds 3.2 miles maximum distance 18000 ft maximum height 2.2-6.6 lbs MANPADS EPO 2: Determine LE response to incidents with MANPADS 2332a (use of WMD) 2332g (explosive rocket) FBI & Military EOD SAM footprint (325 sq miles outside of airport) TSA flying regulations EPO 1: Identify regulations pertaining to LEO flying armed Hard sided locked container with access to key/combination TSA flying regulations EPO 2: Identify proper procedures for armed LE in the airport and onboard the aircraft Federal Courts EPO 3: Initial Appearance Defendant's 1st court appearance after arrest Defendant is told criminal charges Read constitutional rights Pre-trial release (bond) is set by judge Federal Courts EPO: Timing of initial appearance without unnecessary delay, 48 max from arrest Congress gives 6 hour safe zone Federal Courts EPO 3: Pre-trial Release Defendant is release from jail while trial date is still pending The judge determines release Federal Courts EPO 3: Pre-trial Service Interview collection of information from defendant Federal Courts EPO 3: Detention Hearing Defendant permitted to present evidence Federal Courts EPO 3: Bail Reform Act Federal Courts EPO 3: Conditional Release Judge may place restrictions while defendant is on bond Federal Courts EPO 3: Bail Jumping Failure to appear, then warrant is out for arrest Federal Courts EPO 4: Diplomatic Immunity foreign representatives are not responsible for official & sometimes personal activities, therefore may not be arrested or prosecuted to any offense Federal Courts EPO 4: Encountering Members of Congress Privilege from physical arrest only during congressional sessions & commuting to & from congressional sessions -No privileges for felony offenses & breach of peace -you can issue traffic tickets Federal Courts EPO 4: Arresting Juveniles Automatically read Miranda warnings & notify AUSA attorney Contact parents & read Miranda to parents Take juvenile for initial appearance Don't release name, pics, or details about the crime Federal Courts EPO 4: Foreign National Individual who is not a citizen of the US Federal Courts EPO 4: VCCR Protocol for arrested foreign nationals as well as US citizens in foreign countries Federal Courts EPO 4: Arresting Foreign Nationals Must be told of the right of consular notification & assess -find if country is on mandatory notification list -contact Dept of State Federal Courts EPO 4: Mandatory List must notify consular official without delay if on mandatory country notify list Crowd Control EPO 1: Identify the legal aspects of policing lawful, unlawful & violent assemblies- Types of Assemblies Peaceful & lawful assemblies Unlawful assemblies (no permit/expired permit) Violent assemblies (mobs: looting, arson, assault) Crowd Control EPO 1: Government restrictions must be content neutral safety & avoid criminal activity may be required to obtain permits Crowd Control EPO 2 Identify aspects of crowd behavior Unity Leadership Common Interests Response to stimulus Anonymity Crowd Control EPO 2 Influences of behaviors within crowd Police presence Protest v. Counter-Protest Lawful & Unlawful Acts Crowd Control EPO 2 Reaction of Crowd Primary Duty- Protection of life & property Anger Panic Calm/Deflate Crowd Control EPO 3: Identify use of standard equipment Duty belt with all force issued weapons & restraints Crowd Control EPO 3: Shields Impact resistant Non-ballistic Edging Forearm stop Foam pad Crowd Control EPO 3: Shield Positions Rest Tactical Rest On Guard Sting Shield Kneeling Crowd Control EPO 4: Identify less-than-lethal munitions: Methods Blast dispersion pyrotechnics aerosol fogging Crowd Control EPO 4: Identify less-than-lethal munitions: Tactical Considerations size & temper of crowd escape routes climate/weather grenades most common form primary use of HC(smoke) is to determine wind direction OC 5-10x stronger than CS Crowd Control EPO 5: Basic Formations Columns Line Wedge Physical Security for Uniform Officers EPO 1: 5 D's of Security Deny Deter Delay Defeat Defend Physical Security for Uniform Officers EPO 1: Common threat Bomb threat Bombings Fire Active threat Weather Physical Security for Uniform Officers EPO 1: Federal Security Levels (FSL) P3 23.1 - 97.9 ft P4 98 ft > Physical Security for Uniform Officers EPO 2: Vehicle Size Car 2430 lbs Truck 5070 lbs Duty Truck 15000 lbs Tractor Trailer 65000 lbs Physical Security for Uniform Officers EPO 3: Operations & procedures for internal security checkpoint Screening People Screening Property -X-ray: Organic=Orange, Inorganic=Green, Metal=Blue -"7s" wand technique -Cookie cutter wand technique Physical Security for Uniform Officers EPO 4: Procedures for external physical security checkpoint Identify any unauthorized individuals- weapons, IEDs, contraband -valid form of ID -thorough search of car, inside & outside Surveillance Detection EPO 1: LE Mission Public Safety People: high profile/value target attacks Facilities: testing security measures & responses Equipment Surveillance Detection EPO 1: OPSEC 5 step Critical Information Threat: Intent & Capability Vulnerabilities Risk Countermeasures Surveillance Detection EPO 1: Threats in area of responsibility Public & private partnerships Fusion Centers: threat-related information Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Surveillance systematic observation or aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, acoustic, electronic, photographic, or other means Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Physical Security Vulnerabilities Fences Barriers Video Lighting Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Cyber Security Social Media Online footprint Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Who conducts surveillance? Military units Private investigators LE Criminals Enthusiasts Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Surveillance Methods Physical Technical/Cyber Fixed Mobile Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Surveillance Platforms Cover Concealment Access Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Potential Targets Mass gathering points Natural icons Political & economic Critical Infrastructure Surveillance Detection EPO 2: Surveillance Detection Situational awareness Behavioral observation -SAR -TEDD: Time, Environment, Distance, Demeanor WMD EPO 1: Identify the threat of WMDs: HSPD-4 Counter Proliferation Nonproliferation Consequence Management WMD EPO 1: Identify the threat of WMDs: HSPD-5 Crisis Management (FBI) Consequence Management (FEMA) WMD EPO 1: Identify the threat of WMDs: President Bush Determine Deny Detect Deter Prevent Develop WMD EPO 2: Identify physical characteristics & psychological effects of WMDs: 4 different agents Choking Blister Blood Nerve WMD EPO 2: Blister agents Vesicants Arsenicals Urticants WMD EPO 2: Military Choking agents Chlorine Phosgene most common- inhalation (SCBA masks) WMD EPO 2: Blood agents Hydrogen Cyanide Cyanogen Chloride -prevents cells from getting oxygen WMD EPO 2: Nerve agents G agents- fruity Gb agents- odorless -disrupts messaging to organs WMD EPO 2: 3 Types of Biological agents Bacteria- Plague, Anthrax Viruses- Small pox, viral agents Toxins- Ricin, Botox & nuerotoxins, cytotoxins WMD EPO 2: Vectors Rats Mosquitoes Document evidence, pre-label the container, avoid cross-contamination, place evidence inside and seal immediately. Crime Scene preservation EPO #4 Handling Biological evidence Air-dry wet items, use porous containers, and manage live vegetation appropriately. Crime Scene preservation EPO #4 Importance of Chain of Custody Ensures the integrity and legal validity of the evidence. Crime Scene preservation EPO #4 Maintaining Chain of Custody Properly mark and store evidence, document every transfer of possession, and minimize the chain's length to avoid potential weaknesses. Crime Scene preservation EPO #4 Review Questions a. Avoid marking evidence if it can diminish the forensic value. b. Best practice for packaging: Document evidence, pre-label the container, transport the container to the evidence, place the evidence inside, and seal immediately. c. Every person taking possession of evidence must document their actions on the chain of custody form. Crime scene preservation EPO #1 PPI Duties -include establishing facts, -securing the scene, -beginning evidence collection. Crime Scene Preservation EPO #3 Procedures for Recording the Crime Scene Golden Rule Do not alter evidence until documented. Officer Liability EPO #1 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Applies to state and local enforcement officers for civil rights violations under color of law. Officer Liability EPO #1 Bivens Analogy Bivens extends similar actions to federal officers, allowing civil suits for constitutional rights violations. Officer Liability EPO #1 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens Analogy Elements Misconduct under color of state law (for § 1983) or federal authority (for Bivens) leading to violation of constitutional rights. Officer Liability EPO #1 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens Analogy Applicability § 1983 applies to state/local officers; Bivens to federal officers. Officer Liability EPO #1 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens Analogy Scope Civil action against officers for rights violations; does not cover military, federal agencies. Officer Liability EPO #2 Civil Liability under State Tort Theories Personal liability for actions causing harm; negligence, assault, etc. Officer Liability EPO #2 FTCA Protection Shields federal officers from personal liability, transferring it to the government, if actions were within employment scope. Officer Liability EPO #3 Bivens Actions Suits against federal officers for constitutional rights violations. Officer Liability EPO #3 Qualified Immunity Defense for officers performing discretionary functions unless rights violated were clearly established. Courtroom Testimony EPO #1 Demonstrate (by by professionally responding) common techniques used to impeach witnesses during cross-examination Handling Contradictory Evidence Acknowledge discrepancies, provide context, and clarify. Courtroom Testimony EPO #1 Responding to Questions about Past Inconsistencies Admit if true, correct the record, and explain the reason for inconsistency. Courtroom Testimony EPO #1 Dealing with Questions on Credibility Remain calm, stick to facts, and avoid defensive responses. Courtroom Testimony EPO #1 Addressing Leading Questions Answer precisely, don't elaborate unnecessarily, and stay focused on the question. Courtroom Testimony EPO #1 Managing Questions on Perception and Memory Admit if unsure, don't guess, and rely on documented evidence. Courtroom Testimony EPO #2 essential law enforcement officer testimonial skills Clarity and Precision in Testimony Use simple, clear language and be specific in descriptions. Courtroom Testimony EPO #2 Effective Non-Verbal Communication Maintain eye contact, adopt an open posture, and avoid distracting gestures. Courtroom Testimony EPO #2 Handling Cross-Examination Pressure Stay composed, pause before answering, and don't get baited by aggressive tactics. Courtroom Testimony EPO #2 Avoiding Legal and Technical Jargon Use layman's terms, explain technical terms if used, and avoid police slang. Courtroom Testimony EPO #2 Recollection and Report Reference Refer to reports for accuracy, admit if you don't remember, and don't fabricate details. Courtroom Testimony EPO #3 Demonstrate (by avoiding) subjects that should not be volunteered by a witness when testifying Avoiding Disclosure of Suppressed Evidence Don't mention evidence ruled inadmissible or suppressed by the court. Courtroom Testimony EPO #3 Not Discussing Defendant's Past Criminal Record Avoid mentioning unless directly relevant and permitted by the court. Courtroom Testimony EPO #3 Refraining from Speculation Stick to facts, avoid guessing, and don't hypothesize about unknowns. Courtroom Testimony EPO #3 Staying Away from Legal Opinions Don't offer interpretations of the law or legal conclusions. Courtroom Testimony EPO #3 Not Commenting on Constitutional Rights Exercise Don't comment on a defendant's exercise of rights like silence or legal counsel. Courtroom Testimony EPO #4 the characteristics that make law enforcement officers effective witnesses Credibility and Trustworthiness Be honest, consistent, and transparent in testimony. Courtroom Testimony EPO #4 Impartiality and Objectivity Show no bias, stick to evidence, and maintain neutrality. Courtroom Testimony EPO #4 Professional Demeanor Exhibit professionalism, respect to all parties, and control emotions. Courtroom Testimony EPO #4 Effective Communication Skills Speak clearly, be understandable, and articulate thoughts effectively. Courtroom Testimony EPO #4 Knowledge and Competence Demonstrate expertise, understand procedures, and show familiarity with the case. Courtroom Evidence EPO#1 Compliance with Federal Rules Collect evidence in compliance with Federal Rules of Evidence (F.R.E.). Courtroom Evidence EPO#1 Evidence Types Physical, testimonial, and demonstrative evidence types. Courtroom Evidence EPO#1 Admissibility Decision Judge determines evidence admissibility. Courtroom Evidence EPO#1 F.R.E. Applicability F.R.E. only applies at trial, not during investigation. Courtroom Evidence EPO#2 Memory Aid Statements and reports aid in refreshing witness memory. Courtroom Evidence EPO#2 Testimony Source Cannot testify directly from reports or notes. Courtroom Evidence EPO#2 Memory Refreshment Refresh memory with sketches, notes, and reports if needed. Courtroom Evidence EPO#2 Cross-Examination Tool Opposing counsel can use these for cross-examination. Courtroom Evidence EPO#3 Relevant Evidence Tends to prove or disprove a fact in trial. Courtroom Evidence EPO#3 Direct Evidence Proves fact without inference. Courtroom Evidence EPO#3 Circumstantial Evidence Proves fact through inference. Courtroom Evidence EPO#4 Credibility Factors Bias, motive to fabricate, observation and memory accuracy. Courtroom Evidence EPO#4 Evidence Contradiction Contradictory evidence and past inconsistencies.