Urban Planning Concepts and Techniques, Exams of Nursing

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AICP EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS. 1) Fiscal Impact Analysis - Correct Answer-A tool that compares the local government revenues associated with development policies and projects 2) Collector Road - Correct Answer-A low-to-moderate capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads; they are designed d to provide access to residential properties. 3) Arterial Road - Correct Answer-A high-capacity urban road; delivers traffic from collector roads to freeways or expressways, and between urban centers at the highest level of service possible 4) Local roads - Correct Answer-Roads with the lowest speed limits and carries low volumes of traffic and maybe unpaved in some areas 5) Cost-effectiveness Analysis - Correct Answer-Compares the relative costs and outcomes of different courses of action; it assigns a monetary value to the measure of effect. 6) Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) - Correct Answer-A systematic approach to estimate the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives; it is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieve benefits while preserving savings 7) Development Agreement - Correct Answer-A voluntary contract between a local jurisdiction and a person who owns or controls property within the jurisdiction detailing the obligations of both parties and specifying the standards and conditions that will govern development of the property. 8) Special Use permit - Correct Answer-A permit that allows for a specific exemption to zoning regulations for a particular piece of land in a location that has a particular zoning characteristic. 9) Impact fee - Correct Answer-A fee charged by a community and paid by a developer that is commensurate with the externalities created by a development. Intended to cover the development's impact on such things as roads, sewer systems, schools, and police and fire protection. 10) Subdivision Regulation - Correct Answer-the standards and procedures that regulate the subdivision of land for development and sale 11) City Beautiful Movement - Correct Answer-A turn-of-the- twentieth-century movement that advocated landscape beautification, playgrounds, and more and better urban parks. 12) City Efficient Movement - Correct Answer-A major movement in the U.S., Britain and other industrial nations in the early 20th century that sought to identify and eliminate waste in all areas of the economy and society, and to develop and implement best practices 13) Public Health Movement - Correct Answer-an effort to remedy the high disease and mortality rate that occurred in cities 14) Garden City - Correct Answer-A self-contained planned town combining work, residential, agricultural, and recreational facilities, and surrounded by a rural belt. 35) Chamber of Commerce - Correct Answer-seek to advocate for businesses in the community while advancing the community as a whole 36) Appreciative Inquiry Summit - Correct Answer-multi-day large events designed to bring people together to agree on changes that are needed in the community or organization; the summit lasts from two to five days and have between 100 and 250 people 37) Participatory Technology Assessment - Correct Answer-to provide advice to policy-makers and to encourage wider public debate about socio-technological developments 38) County Board of Commissioners - Correct Answer-the governing body responsible for oversight of emergency management and hazard mitigation for the county 39) Business Improvement District - Correct Answer-property owners agree to an increase in the tax rate in the district; the funds from the tax increase are used to fund improvements inside the district 40) Urbanized Area - Correct Answer-An urban nucleus of 50,000 or more people. 41) Urban Cluster - Correct Answer-At least 2,500 but less than 50,000 persons and a population density of 1,00 persons per square mile. 42) Metropolitan Statistical Area - Correct Answer-Includes at least one city with 50,000 or more inhabitants, or an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants, and a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000 43) Micropolitan Statistical Area - Correct Answer-Has a population of more than 10,000 people and less than 50,000 people. 44) Census Designated Places - Correct Answer-The equivalent of an incorporated place for data purposes. 45) Consolidated MSA - Correct Answer-Made of up several primary metropolitan statistical areas 46) Core Based Statistical Area - Correct Answer-To provide data description for areas where there is a core area with at least 10,000 people that when combined with other adjacent communities is socially and economically integrated 47) Megalopolis - Correct Answer-Any many-centered, multi-city urban area of more than 10 million inhabitants, generally dominated by low-density settlement and complex networks of economic specialization 48) Megacity - Correct Answer-A megalopolis areas with more than 10 million people 49) Census Tract - Correct Answer-Has a population between 2,000 and 8,000 people 50) Census Block - Correct Answer-Typically 400 housing units per block (the smallest level at which census data is collected) 51) Census Block Group - Correct Answer-A group of census blocks 52) Minor Civil Division - Correct Answer-A unit only used in 29 states and usually corresponds to a municipality 53) Census County Divisions - Correct Answer-Used in 21 states that do not have minor civil divisions 54) Tribal Designated Statistical Area - Correct Answer-A unit drawn by tribes that do not have a recognized land area (defined independently of the standard county based census delineations) 55) Threshold Population - Correct Answer-A term that is under a number of government programs to determine program eligibility. 56) Geographic Information Systems - Correct Answer-field of computerized mapping 57) Attributes - Correct Answer-information about an object or feature 58) Topographic Map - Correct Answer-two-dimensional representation of a portion of the three-dimensional surface of the earth 59) Global Positioning System (GPS) - Correct Answer-A system of satellites, computers, and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver. 60) Business Improvement Districts - Correct Answer-a defined area within which businesses are required to pay an additional tax (or levy) in order to fund projects within the district's boundaries 61) Adaptive Reuse - Correct Answer-the process of reusing an old site or building for a purpose other than which it was built or designed for 62) Environmental Justice - Correct Answer-the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the 80) Chicane - Correct Answer-a short shallow, S-shaped turn that requires drivers to turn slightly left and then right again to stay on the road which results in slowing speeds down; they are most effective when there are volumes of traffic that are similar from both approaches 81) Adverse possession - Correct Answer-a method of acquiring title to a property by possession for a period of time, based on statue 82) Squatting - Correct Answer-occupying an unused building or piece of land 83) Critical Path Method - Correct Answer-an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities 84) Lease-purchase - Correct Answer-allows for rental of a building or property with the exclusive option to purchase at specified points in the agreement 85) Renewable Energy - Correct Answer-energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. 86) Nuclear Power - Correct Answer-he use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant. 87) City Walk - Correct Answer-a technique used to sensitize people to community problems and opportunities 88) Future Search - Correct Answer-a planning meeting that helps people transform their capability into action very quickly. 89) Brownfields - Correct Answer-contaminated industrial sites 90) Brown towns - Correct Answer-cities with minority mayors 91) Greenfields - Correct Answer-land that is not currently used for development 92) Gray fields - Correct Answer-former development sites that are not contaminated 93) Inclusionary Zoning - Correct Answer-usually practiced in urban areas, is planning communities and developments that will provide housing to all income brackets; their zoning ordinances often require any new housing construction to include a set percentage of affordable housing units 94) Exaction - Correct Answer-a concept in US real property law where a condition for development is imposed on a parcel of land that requires the developer to mitigate anticipated negative impacts of the development. 95) The Law of Large Numbers - Correct Answer-the average of the results obtained from a large number of samples should be close to the expected value and will come closer as more samples are taken 96) Central Limit Theorem - Correct Answer-the sampling distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size gets larger 97) Environmental Impact Statement - Correct Answer-a document required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for certain actions "significantly affecting the quality of the human environment" 98) Environmental Indicator - Correct Answer-a simple measure that tells us what is happening in the environment 99) Dross cape - Correct Answer-an urban design framework that examines urbanized regions as the product of past economic and industrial processes 100) Infill - Correct Answer-the urban planning term for the rededication of land in an urban environment, usually open- space, to new construction 101) Blueway - Correct Answer-a water path or trail that is developed with launch points, camping locations and points of interest for canoeists, paddle boarders and kayakers. 102) Dillon's Rule - Correct Answer-local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state. 103) Charles Linblom - Correct Answer-known for incremental planning 104) Incremental Planning - Correct Answer-a method of working by adding to a project using many small incremental changes instead of a few (extensively planned) large jumps 105) Binary variables - Correct Answer-typically displayed as 0 and 1 and are used for variables for which there are only two possibilities, such as male or female or yes or no 106) Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act - Correct Answer-requires that religious freedom not be interrupted by treating churches with stronger requirements than other like uses 107) John Friedmann - Correct Answer-known for transactive planning 128) Choker - Correct Answer-a curb extension in the middle of a block, which narrows the street width to restrict the speed of traffic in each direction 129) Infrastructure - Correct Answer-includes water, sewers, telecommunications, and solid waste, etc. 130) Concurrency - Correct Answer-the practice of requiring that infrastructure be in place and available at. a specified level of service prior to allowing new development to occur 131) Daylighting - Correct Answer-the practice of placing windows , or other transparent media and reflective surfaces so that natural light provides effective internal illumination during the day 132) Effluent Standards - Correct Answer-set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment 133) Point Source Pollution - Correct Answer-is discharged directly from a specific site, such as a sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe. 134) Non-point Source Pollution - Correct Answer-contaminated runoff from many sources 135) Potable water - Correct Answer-safe water to drink 136) The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) - Correct Answer-requires Federal agencies to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for all major Federal actions that may significantly affect the quality of the human environment. 137) The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1989 - Correct Answer- prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the U.S. without Congressional approval. 138) The Water Quality Act of 1965 - Correct Answer-established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior 139) The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 - Correct Answer-focused efforts to reduce polluted runoff in 29 states 140) The Endangered Species Act of 1973 - Correct Answer- provides protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services designates as threatened or endangered 141) The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978 - Correct Answer-promotes alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. 142) The Resources Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 - Correct Answer-provided EPA with the ability to control hazardous waste from the "card-to-grave" 143) The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 - Correct Answer- provided EPA with responsibility for reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures 144) Safe Drinking Water Act - Correct Answer-protects both the sources of drinking water and the end product 145) Biomass Energy - Correct Answer-uses organic material which is burned to create energy 146) Hydroelectric Power - Correct Answer-uses falling water to produce power, which is moved through a turbine 147) Enterprise Zones - Correct Answer-geographic areas in which companies can qualify for a variety of subsidies. 148) Context-sensitive Design - Correct Answer-roadway standards and development practices that are flexible and sensitive to community values 149) National Housing Act - Correct Answer-established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages 150) Sweat equity - Correct Answer-the interest or increased value in a property earned from labor put towards the restoration of a property 151) Colonias - Correct Answer-unincorporated subdivisions with little or no infrastructure that are sold to low-income individuals 152) Conservation Easements - Correct Answer-legal agreements between a property owner and a land trust in which the property owner agrees to place restrictions on the use of the property to protect natural resources 153) National trust for Historic Preservation - Correct Answer-a privately funded nonprofit organization initially established for the acquisition and administration of historic sites 154) Health Impact Assessment - Correct Answer-uses quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the health consequences of a policy, project or program where health is not the primary objective 155) Greenbelt - Correct Answer-undeveloped natural land areas that have been set aside for the purposes of open space and recreation, linking urban residents with nature