USABO Animal Anatomy And Physiology Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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USABO Animal Anatomy And

Physiology Exam With 100% Correct

Answers 2024

biological form is known as this - Correct Answer-anatomy biological function is known as this - Correct Answer- physiology this term means tapered on both ends; streamlined body contour - Correct Answer-fusiform rate of exchange (for things like nutrients, waste products, and gases) is proportional to this - Correct Answer- (membrane) surface area amount of material exchanged is proportional to this - Correct Answer-volume as body size increases, the ratio of surface area to volume ___creases - Correct Answer-de

as body size decreases, the ratio of surface area to volume ___creases - Correct Answer-in the spaces between cells are filled with this fluid in exchange surfaces - Correct Answer-interstitial (fluid) cells are organized into these groups of cells of similar appearance and common function - Correct Answer-tissues different tissues are organized into functional units called these - Correct Answer-organs groups of organs that work together provide this additional level of organization - Correct Answer-organ system(s) anagram for organ systems - Correct Answer-CRIMES IN RED the four tissues are connective, muscle, epithelial, and ___ - Correct Answer-nervous the four tissues are connective, muscle, ___, and nervous - Correct Answer-epithelial

epithelial cell shape may be cuboidal, ___, or squamous - Correct Answer-columnar epithelial cell shape may be ___, columnar, or squamous - Correct Answer-cuboidal epithelial cells may be arranged in simple, stratified, or ___ epithelium - Correct Answer-pseudostratified epithelial cells may be arranged in simple, ___, or pseudostratified epithelium - Correct Answer-stratified epithelial cells may be arranged in ___, stratified, or pseudostratified epithelium - Correct Answer-simple this epithelial tissue is made of dice-shaped cells specialized for secretion - Correct Answer-cuboidal epithelium this epithelial tissue makes up kidney tubules, thyroid gland, and salivary gland - Correct Answer-cuboidal epithelium

this epithelial tissue lines the intestines - Correct Answer- simple columnar epithelium this epithelial tissue secretes digestive juices and absorbs nutrients - Correct Answer-simple columnar epithelium this epithelial tissue forms a mucous membrane that lines portions of the respiratory tract of many vertebrates - Correct Answer-pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium this epithelial tissue regenerates rapidly by cell division near the basal lamina - Correct Answer-stratified squamous epithelium this epithelial tissue is found on surfaces subject to abrasion - Correct Answer-stratified squamous epithelium this epithelial tissue is found on outer skin, esophagus, anus, and vagina - Correct Answer-stratified squamous epithelium this epithelial tissue is thin and leaky - Correct Answer-simple squamous epithelium

this epithelial surface is opposite the apical surface - Correct Answer-basal (surface) this epithelial surface is attached to a lamina - Correct Answer-basal (surface) this is a dense mat of extracellular matrix that separates the epithelium from the underlying tissue - Correct Answer-basal lamina the most common functions of these tissues are to bind and support other tissues in the body - Correct Answer-connective (tissues) this tissue consists of a sparse population of cells scattered through an ECM - Correct Answer-connective (tissue) the three kinds of connective tissue fibers are collagenous, elastic, and ___ - Correct Answer-reticular the three kinds of connective tissue fibers are collagenous, ___, and reticular - Correct Answer-elastic

the three kinds of connective tissue fibers are ___, elastic, and reticular - Correct Answer-collagenous these fibers provide strength combined with flexibility - Correct Answer-collagenous (fibers) these fibers are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise - Correct Answer-collagenous (fibers) these fibers are easily stretched but are also resilient, snapping back to their original length when tension is released

• Correct Answer-elastic (fibers) this is the protein that makes up elastic fibers - Correct Answer-elastin these fibers are very thin and branched - Correct Answer- reticular (fibers) these fibers are continuous with collagenous fibers - Correct Answer-reticular (fibers)

this tissue type is dense with collagenous fibers that form parallel bundles - Correct Answer-fibrous connective (tissue) tendons and ligaments are formed of this form of tissue - Correct Answer-fibrous connective (tissue) these attach muscles to bones - Correct Answer-tendons these connect bones at points - Correct Answer-ligaments the skeleton of most vertebrates is made of this connective tissue - Correct Answer-bone this is a mineralized connective tissue - Correct Answer-bone these cells deposit a matrix of collagen; they form bones - Correct Answer-osteoblasts these three ions combine into a hard mineral within bone matrix - Correct Answer-calcium, magnesium, phosphate

these are the repeating units of hard mammalian bone - Correct Answer-osteons each one of these has concentric layers of the mineralized matrix, which are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves - Correct Answer-osteon(s) this is the protein-carbohydrate complex around cartilage - Correct Answer-chondroitin sulfate this connective tissue has an abundance of collagenous fibers embedded in a rubbery matrix - Correct Answer-cartilage cartilage has an abundance of ___ fibers embedded in a rubbery matrix - Correct Answer-collagenous cells called these secrete the collagen and chondroitin sulfate that make cartilage a strong yet flexible support material - Correct Answer-chondrocytes this is a specilized loose connective tissue that stores fat in cells distributed throughout its matrix - Correct Answer- adipose (tissue)

leukocytes are ___ blood cells - Correct Answer-white this is the tissue respondible for nearly all types of body movement - Correct Answer-muscle (tissue) all muscle cells consist of filaments containing these proteins - Correct Answer-actin, myosin these are the three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates - Correct Answer-skeletal, cardiac, smooth this muscle is responsible for voluntary movements - Correct Answer-skeletal (muscle) this consists of bundles of long cells caled muscle fibers - Correct Answer-skeletal (muscle) skeletal muscle consists of bundles of long cells called these - Correct Answer-muscle fibers these are contractile units - Correct Answer-sarcomeres

skeletal muscle is also called ___ muscle - Correct Answer- striated these give cells a striated appearance under the microscope - Correct Answer-sarcomeres this muscle forms the contractile wall of the heart - Correct Answer-cardiac (muscle) these are the kinds of muscle tissue that are striated - Correct Answer-skeletal, cardiac cardiac muscle is ___ated - Correct Answer-stri cardiac muscle is ___scious - Correct Answer-uncon skeletal muscle is ___scious - Correct Answer-con cardiac musle fibers branch and interconnect via these - Correct Answer-intercalated disks

the function of this tissue is to sense stimuli and transmit signals in the form of impulses from one part of the animal to another - Correct Answer-nervous (tissue) nervous tissue contains these, or nerve cells - Correct Answer- neurons neurons are ___ cells - Correct Answer-nerve these are uniquely specialized to transmit nerve impulses - Correct Answer-axons nervous tissue includes different forms of ___ cells - Correct Answer-glial ___ help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons - Correct Answer-glia these transmit signals from their tips toward the rest of the neuron - Correct Answer-dendrites

these transmit signals toward another neuron or toward an effector - Correct Answer-axons this is a structure such as a muscle cell that carries out a body response from axons - Correct Answer-effector the signaling molecules broadcast throughout the body by the endocrine system are called these - Correct Answer-hormones hormones are broadcast throughout the body by the ___ system - Correct Answer-endocrine the signals broadcast to target cells in the nervous system are called these - Correct Answer-nerve impulses four types of cells receive nerve impulses: neurons, muscle cells, endocrine cells, and ___ cells - Correct Answer-exocrine four types of cells receive nerve impulses: neurons, muscle cells, ___ cells, and exocrine cells - Correct Answer-endocrine

this is the average body temperature of a human, in C - Correct Answer- this is the average body temperature of a human, in F - Correct Answer-98. this is the average blood pH of a human - Correct Answer-7. this is the average number of milligrams of glucose per 100 milliliters of blood - Correct Answer- an animal achieves homeostasis by maintaining a variable at or near a particular value, called this - Correct Answer-set point fluctuations in an environmental variable above or below the set point serve as this - Correct Answer-stimulus this detects the stimulus with regards to fluctuations in an environmental variable and triggers a response - Correct Answer-sensor

the sensor triggers this, a physiological activity that helps return a variable to the set point - Correct Answer-response home heating: drop in temperature is... - Correct Answer- stimulus home heating: thermometer is... - Correct Answer-sensor home heating: heater produces... - Correct Answer-response homeostasis in animals relies largely on this, a response that reduces the stimulus - Correct Answer-negative feedback a variable may have this, rather than a single set point - Correct Answer-normal range this triggers mechanisms that amplify rather than dimish the stimulus - Correct Answer-positive feedback