USABO Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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USABO Exam Questions With 100%

Correct Answers 2024

iodine deficiency - Correct Answer-goiter ethane - Correct Answer-C2H propane - Correct Answer-C3H butane - Correct Answer-C4H methane - Correct Answer-CH enantiomers - Correct Answer-mirror image isomers hydroxyl - Correct Answer--OH carbonyl - Correct Answer-C=O carboxyl - Correct Answer-O=C-OH

amino - Correct Answer-NH sulfhydryl - Correct Answer--SH sulfhydryls called - Correct Answer-thiols carbonyl within structure - Correct Answer-ketone carbonyl at end - Correct Answer-aldehyde phosphate - Correct Answer-PO4 3- maltose - Correct Answer-glucose + glucose lactose - Correct Answer-glucose + galactose sucrose - Correct Answer-glucose + fructose unbranched starch - Correct Answer-amylose

branched starch - Correct Answer-amylopectin more branched than amylopectin - Correct Answer-glycogen storage of starch - Correct Answer-granules circular RNA molecules that infect plants - Correct Answer- viroids tumor virus causing cervical cancer - Correct Answer- papilloma virus tumor virus causing several types of cancer like Burkitt's lymphoma - Correct Answer-epstein-bar tumor virus causing adult leukemia - Correct Answer-HTLV- Retrovirus stem segments between nodes - Correct Answer-internodes

where leaves are attached - Correct Answer-nodes terminal bud, located near shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot - Correct Answer-axillary bud maintains dormancy in most non apical buds - Correct Answer-apical dominance parallel veins - Correct Answer-monocots 3 plant tissues - Correct Answer-dermal vascular ground woody plants' dermis - Correct Answer-periderm nonwoody plants' dermis - Correct Answer-epidermis outgrowths of shoot epidermis, help with insect defense - Correct Answer-trichome internal ground tissue - Correct Answer-pith

external ground tissue - Correct Answer-cortex least specialized, thin and flexible primary wall, no secondary wall, metabolic functions - Correct Answer-parenchyma grouped in strands, help support young parts of shoot, thicker and uneven primary wall, no secondary wall, flexible support - Correct Answer-collenchyma rigid, thick secondary walls with lignin - Correct Answer- sclerenchyma short and irregular, thick and lignified sclerenchyma - Correct Answer-sclereids long and slender and arranged in threads sclerenchyma - Correct Answer-fibers found in xylem of all vascular plants - Correct Answer- tracheids

common to most angiosperms and few gymnosperms - Correct Answer-vessel elements outermost stele layer, in eudicots lateral root development - Correct Answer-pericycle wind pollination - Correct Answer-anemophily perpetually embryonic tissue, allows for indeterminate growth - Correct Answer-meristematic tissue meristematic tissue at tips of roots and shoots and at axillary buds of shoots - Correct Answer-apical meristem Ig pentamer - Correct Answer-IgM Ig dimer - Correct Answer-IgA first Ig after initial exposure to antigen - Correct Answer-IgM

placenta, passive immunity for fetus, most abundant Ig in blood - Correct Answer-IgG in tears, saliva, mucus, breast milk, defense of mucous membranes, passive immunity for nursing infants - Correct Answer-IgA present in blood in low concentrations, triggers release of mast cells and basophils of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic rxns - Correct Answer-IgE present on surface of B cells that have not been exposed to antigens, acts as antigen receptor for B cells - Correct Answer- IgD molecule with functional groups, net charge 0, at least one positive and one negative - Correct Answer-zwitterions an organism produces biochemicals that influence the survival of other organisms - Correct Answer-allelopathy -/0 - Correct Answer-amensalism

amensalism - Correct Answer--/ in pituitary gland, enables production of milk in mammals - Correct Answer-prolactin released by corpus allatum, regulates insect physiology and development - Correct Answer-juvenile hormones any external or environmental cue that entrains or synchronizes an organism's biological rhythms to the Earth's 24-hour, 12 month cycle - Correct Answer-zeitgeber secreted by the trophoblast, directs corpus luteum to survive enlanrge and continue producing progesterone and estrogen to suppress mensturation - Correct Answer-hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) produces progesterone and estrogen in early pregnancy - Correct Answer-corpus luteum protein in milk, no disulfide bridges - Correct Answer-casein

peptide released in ileum and colon in response to feeding, reduce appetite - Correct Answer-Peptide YY initiates transcription, noncoding - Correct Answer-TATA box RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression - Correct Answer-miRNA trisomy 18, born small, heart defects - Correct Answer- Edwards syndrome deep labored breathing associated with metabolic acidosis - Correct Answer-kussmaul breathing quick shallow inspirations followed by periods of apnea - Correct Answer-biot's respiration progressively deeper breathing followed by gradual decrease resulting in temporary apnea - Correct Answer-cheyne stokes respiration

Kussmaul breathing - Correct Answer- Biot's respiration - Correct Answer- Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Correct Answer- joint between root of tooth and socket in maxilla or mandible

• Correct Answer-gomphosis joint fixed/immovable joint - Correct Answer-synarthroses alveolar cells, thyroid cells, pancreatic cells - Correct Answer- endoderm cardiac muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells, kidney tubule cells, rbcs, smooth muscle cells in gut - Correct Answer-mesoderm epidermal cells, neurons, pigment cells - Correct Answer- ectoderm development of cns - Correct Answer-neurulation

essential for vision, carotene, immune function, bone growth, tissues and skin - Correct Answer-vitamin a converts food into energy, nerve function, deficiency is beri beri - Correct Answer-thiamine thiamine deficiency - Correct Answer-beriberi beriberi that affects cardiovascular system - Correct Answer- wet beriberi beriberi that affects nervous system - Correct Answer-dry beriberi deficiency is pellagra - Correct Answer-niacin treats cyanide poisoning, deficiency is anemia, contains cobalt

• Correct Answer-cobalamin prevents brain and spine birth defects - Correct Answer-folate

deficiency is scurvy - Correct Answer-vitamin c (ascorbic acid) deficiency is rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia - Correct Answer-vitamin d vitamin essential for blood coagulation - Correct Answer- vitamin k breaks down fatty acids into acetyl CoA - Correct Answer-beta oxidation rubisco adds O2 instead of CO2 in Calvin cycle, consumes O and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar - Correct Answer-photorespiration morphogen determining head structures - Correct Answer- bicoid inhibition of gene expression by siRNAs - Correct Answer-RNA interference

different mRNA are produced by same transcript depending on which segments are treated as introns and exons - Correct Answer-alternative RNA splicing cancer causing gene - Correct Answer-oncogene normal version of oncogene - Correct Answer-proto oncogene tumor suppressor gene that prevents mutations due to DNA damage - Correct Answer-p gene A is mutated - Correct Answer-carpel stamen stamen carpel gene B is mutated - Correct Answer-sepal sepal carpel carpel gene C is mutated - Correct Answer-sepal petal petal sepal carpel stamen stamen carpel - Correct Answer-A mutation sepal sepal carpel carpel - Correct Answer-B mutation

sepal petal petal sepal - Correct Answer-C mutation a protein that tags another protein for degradation by proteasome activity - Correct Answer-ubiquitin unstable environment, small organisms, many offspring, early maturity - Correct Answer-r selection stable environment, large organisms, less offspring, late maturity, long life expectancy - Correct Answer-k selection parts of brain that control mammalian respiration - Correct Answer-medulla oblongata and pons areas between myelinated segments - Correct Answer-Nodes of Ranvier Propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons - Correct Answer-saltatory conduction resting voltage - Correct Answer--70 mV

initial threshold - Correct Answer--55 mV 3 parts of brain stem - Correct Answer-midbrain pons medulla oblongata connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain - Correct Answer-corpus callosum short term memory storage - Correct Answer-hippocampus sexual and social behavior - Correct Answer-amygdala