UTA A&P II Final Exam 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT, Exams of Nursing

Download UTA A&P II Final Exam 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! UTA A&P II Final Exam 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT !!! In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of ________. increased membrane permeability to sodium ions The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 The bicuspid of mitral valve is located ______. between left atrium and left ventricle !!! The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because _____. the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle and the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right The right ventricle pumps blood into the _______. lungs via the pulmonary artery The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the ______. ventricular contraction Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the ______. Right atrium Pacemaker cells in the SA node both show a spontaneous depolarization and are connected by gap junctions to atrial myocytes. !!! The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential relates to _____. the result of K+ and Ca2+ influx The T wave on an ECG tracing represents _____. ventricular repolarization Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will _____. decrease heart rate Blood flow into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ____ valve. tricuspid !!! The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the _____. Stroke volume Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? Both decreased plasma albumen and increased blood hydrostatic pressure !!! Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? The net filtration pressure is usually zero. Compared to arteries, veins _____. have thinner walls Materials can move across capillary walls by diffusion, bulk flow, and transcytosis !!! Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the __________. The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary gland by _____. secreting and releasing inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system !!! The link between a peptide hormone and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormone is usually______. a G protein !!! Which statement about steroid hormones is false? Steroid hormones bind to receptors within the cell A hormone that promotes glucose synthesis in the liver is _____. cortisol The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces gluccocorticoids !!! Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce _____. insulin Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. estrogens !!! Liver cells respond to growth hormone by increasing the expression and production of ______. IGF proteins Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone? It causes fat accumulation within adipocytes Some hormones exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects on each other. Which of the hormones below, do you think, exhibit synergy? epinephrine and glucagon Endocrine cells _____. release their secretions directly into body fluids Chronic stress can and will affect almost all body systems. Which of the following is NOT a common response of the body to long-term stress? better digestion Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the _____. duodenum The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called metabolism The enzyme pepsin digests _____. proteins Where are nucleic acids digested and absorbed? digested: small intestine; absorbed: small intestine The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the _____. common bile duct !!! Lacteals _____. carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called_____ and function to allow the stomach to ______. rugae; stretch significantly Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the submucosal plexus The breakdown of proteins into peptides is through the enzymes _____. pepsin and trypsin _____ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding. molars Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except _____. absorption of triglycerides What stimulates the cephalic phase of digestion? odors, sights, and thoughts of food Which of the following can directly trigger a defecation reflex? distention of the rectal wall The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called emphysema Paralysis of the _____ is one of the primary reason why cigarette smokers cough frequently. ciliated columnar cells of the trachea Large airborne particles are filtered by ______. hairs in the nasal cavity Boyle's law states that gas volume is _____. inversely proportional to pressure What is inspiratory reserve volume? 3,000ml (b) !!! _____ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. Tidal volume The actual sites of gas exchange with the lungs are _____. alveoli !!! What happens to oxygen binding to hemoglobin when blood pH drops? oxygen affinity decreases and oxygen is unloaded to the tissues The vocal folds are located within the ____? larynx Various types of macrophages are derived from monocytes Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells. cytotoxic T Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are _____. IgG An inflammatory response is triggered when _____. mast cells release histamine and heparin Immunity that results from receiving a vaccine with a weakended (attenuated virus) is called _____ immunity artificial active The release of pyrogens by active macrophages would produce a fever The process of filtration is driven primarily by _____. blood hydrostatic pressure Agents that increase urine excretion are known as _____. diuretics !!! What is the primary function of the loop of Henle? creating the corticomedullary gradient Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the efferent arteriole !!! Which hormone is released by heart muscle in response to excessive blood volume/pressure and stimulates the kidney to adjust the production of urine? natriuretic peptides When the level of ADH decreases, _____. more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases A urine sample shows glucose negative, blood negative, proteins negative, ketones negative, and nitrites positive. There also appears to be a little pus. Which is a possible reason behind these urinalysis results? urinary tract infection The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, they also assist in the regulation of blood volume, blood pH, blood pressure, and blood ion levels !!! A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This may be due to _____. absence of ADH !!! One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to _____. increase secretion of renin The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is____. absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by _____. the ureters A glomerulus is ____. a capillary within the renal corpuscle !!! A urine sample shows glucose negative, blood negative, proteins present, ketones present, and nitrites negative. Which is a possible reason behind these urinalysis results? diabetes mellitus Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the renal pelvis !!! In response to respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys retain more hydrogen ions A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of _____. respiratory acidosis A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks _____. metabolic alkalosis Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH) !!! Sever kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis) often leads to ____. metabolic acidosis !!! Consuming a meal high in salt will ____. result in a temporary increase in blood volume !!! When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the _____. kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions and excrete fewer bicarbonate ions Hypoventilation leads to ____. respiratory acidosis Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by _____. the kidneys Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within _____.