UTA Family 3 Final Exam Questions with Verified Correct Answers Latest Update, Exams of Nursing

Download UTA Family 3 Final Exam Questions with Verified Correct Answers Latest Update and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! UTA Family 3 Final Exam Questions with Verified Correct Answers Latest Update 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: normal BP --- correct answer ---<120 / <80 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: elevated BP --- correct answer ---120-129/ <80 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: stage 1 HTN --- correct answer ---130-139 / 80-89 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: stage 2 HTN --- correct answer ---≥ 140/ ≥ 90 What is recommended for white coat hypertension? --- correct answer ---- lifestyle modification - annual ABPM or HBPM What is recommended for masked hypertension? --- correct answer ---- lifestyle modification - start HTN medication What is recommended for elevated BP? --- correct answer ---- lifestyle modification - annual ABPM What is secondary hypertension? --- correct answer ---- drug resistant/induced hypertension - exacerbation of previously controlled hypertension - accelerated/malignant hypertension - unprovoked or excessive hypokalemia What are common causes of secondary hypertension? --- correct answer ---- renal disease - aldosteronism - OSA - drug and alcohol induced What are non-pharmacological interventions for hypertension? --- correct answer ---- weight loss - DASH diet - sodium reduction - potassium supplementation - reduce alcohol consumption 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: clinical CVD and BP ≥ 130 / ≥ 80 --- correct answer ---use BP lowering meds 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: primary prevention in adults 10 yr ASCVD risk of ≥ 10% --- correct answer ---use BP lowering meds 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: 10 yr risk < 10% and SBP ≥ 140/90 --- correct answer ---use BP lowering meds 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: normal BP reassessment --- correct answer --- yearly 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: elevated BP reassessment --- correct answer ---3- 6 months 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: stage 1 HTN reassessment and 10 yr ASCVD < 10% --- correct answer ---3-6 months TOD eyes --- correct answer ---- flame hemorrhage - papilloedema - hard exudates - cotton wool spots TOD heart --- correct answer ---- LVH - CAD - MI - rhythm disorders - aortic and PAD - AAA TOD kidneys --- correct answer ---- CKD - GFR < 60 TOD erectile dysfunction --- correct answer ---- CVD risk factor - early diagnostic indicator - need full sexual history Diagnosis of HTN is made on the --- correct answer ---3rd elevated BP 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: hypertensive URGENCY --- correct answer ---- elevated BP without current organ damage - happens when patients stop taking their meds - doesn't require a rapid decrease - check proteinuria and BMP - one week follow up During hypertensive URGENCY lower BP with these drugs --- correct answer ---- furosemide 20 mg or higher - clonidine 0.2 mg Clinical evidence for Accelerated HTN --- correct answer ---- severe arteriosclerosis - grade 3 or 4 hypertensive retinopathy - renal insufficiency for which there is no apparent cause - prognosis if untreated poor List meds that can elevate BP --- correct answer ---- oral contraceptives - cyclosporine - TCAs - sympathomimetic decongestants - appetite suppressants - corticosteroids - NSAIDs -erythropoietin - anabolic steroids - MAOI - Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Mnemonic for secondary HTN causes --- correct answer ---- accuracy, aldosteronism, apnea - bruits, bad kidneys - catecholamines, cushings, coarct - drugs, diet - endocrine, erythropoietin What is the new recommended sodium intake? --- correct answer ---1500 mg daily When is it safe to begin ASA therapy with HTN? --- correct answer ---BP should be controlled JNC 8 guidleines: target BP for all patients --- correct answer ---< 140/90 JNC 8 guidelines: target BP > 60 --- correct answer ---< 150/90 Diuretics HTN --- correct answer ---- confusing when patient develops HF - move to loop diuretic Thiazides HTN --- correct answer ---- caution in gout or hyperlipidemia - may increase lipids in high doses - not effective with impaired renal function Consider switching to this drug if HCTZ isn't working for HTN --- correct answer ---clorthalidone Loop diuretics HTN --- correct answer ---- use renal insufficiency - not for gout - may increase calcium loss Define Pediatric HTN --- correct answer ---- up to 12 yo - average SBP and/or DBP ≥ 95th percentile for gender, age, and height on ≥ 3 occasions When managing pediatric HTN, what is the treatment goal BP --- correct answer ---< 90th percentile or < 130-80 mmHg Under what conditions would the pediatric HTN patient be referred? --- correct answer ---- Stage 2 HTN no symptoms refer within one week - stage 2 HTN with symptoms refer immediately Can a pediatric patient with stage 2 HTN be approved for sports? --- correct answer ---anyone with stage 2 HTN cannot be approved until the BP is under control What are the 4 statin benefit groups? --- correct answer ---- established atherosclerosis - LDL > 190 mg/dl - diabetic patients 40-75 yo - 10 year ASCVD risk > 7.5% What drugs are high intensity statins? --- correct answer ---LDLc reduction > 50% - atorvastatin 40-80 mg - rosuvastatin 20-40 mg What drugs are moderate intensity statins? --- correct answer ---LDLc reduction 30-50% - atorvastatin 10-20 mg - rosuvastatin 5-10 mg - simvastatin 20-40 mg - pravastatin 40-80 mg - lovastatin 40 mg - fluvastatin XL 80 mg - pitavastatin 2-4 mg What drugs are low intensity statins? --- correct answer ---- simvastatin 10 mg - pravastatin 10-20 mg - lovastatin 20 mg - fluvastatin 20-40 mg - pitavastatin 1 mg What should be done if the patient experiences myalgias while taking a statin? --- correct answer ---- myalgia is a very rare side effect - re_challenge with the same statin at a lower dose - start a different statin How do statins affect the liver? --- correct answer ---- statins cause asymptomatic hepatotoxicity - caution with patients that have liver disease How do you statins affect patients with liver disease? --- correct answer ---- statins do not increase the progression of liver disease in patients with NAFLD or chronic viral Hep C When should pediatric patients be screened for dyslipidemia?/ --- correct answer ---- age 9-11 - age 17-21 - non-fasting screening for non-hdl cholesterol level (order TC and HDL) When are pediatric lipid levels considered high? --- correct answer ---95th and 75th percentile What is a dietary strategy for managing lipids in children? --- correct answer ---- 5 or more veggies or fruits - 3 structed meals - 2 hours or less of TV - 1 hour or more of physical activity - almost no sugar What is the first step toward treatment of dyslipidemia in children? --- correct answer ---obtain FLP at least 2 weeks, but no more than 3 months apart What does acronym CHILD-1 mean? --- correct answer ---Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle diet What diets are available to control lipid levels in children? --- correct answer ---- CHILD-1 and CHILD-2 Describe type 2 diabetes --- correct answer ---progressive loss of insulin secretion on the background of insulin resistance List specific characteristics of Type 2 diabetes --- correct answer ---- gradual onset - no ketones in blood or urine - weight gain - may present with end organ damage - vision loss Initial wellbutrin dose for for smoking cessation --- correct answer ---- 150 mg for 3 days, then BID for 7-12 weeks After smoking cessation has started, when is nicotine replacement initiated? --- correct answer ---on the quit date What is the dosing for chantix? --- correct answer ---- days 1-3 0.5 mg - days 4-7 0.5 mg - days 8-28 1 mg - months 2-3 continue dose - enroll in a behavior support program What are the 5A's? --- correct answer ---Ask Advise Assess Assist Arrange As little as __________ weight loss can reduce or eliminate comorbidities --- correct answer ---5% What is a healthy goal for weight loss? --- correct answer ---- 10% in 6 months - 1-2 lbs/week for 6 months Which drugs can assist in a weight loss program? --- correct answer ---- xenical - phentermine - Qsymia What is the recommended amount of physical activity? --- correct answer --- 30-45 min for 3-5 days weekly What drug combination can cause a large drop in BP? --- correct answer --- ACE and diuretic What drug combination is responsible for kidney failure concerning HTN? -- - correct answer ---ACE or ARB plus diuretic plus NSAID or ASA What is the screening interval for colorectal cancer? --- correct answer ---- age 50-75 - annual screening with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) - every 10 yrs with annual FIT and flexsig - screening every 10 yrs with a colonoscopy - every 5 yrs with CT colonography