VBS EXAM IV - Practice Test Questions 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY SET, Exams of Nursing

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VBS EXAM IV - Practice Test

Questions 100% VERIFIED

ANSWERS 2024/

CORRECT STUDY SET

A primary reason there is no effective vaccine against S. pyogenes is that it: A. rarely causes disease in the U.S. B. has a capsule C. inactivates complement components D. has too many M protein types E. can hide inside macrophages D Meningitis can result from a respiratory infection. A. True B. False A When heart valves are damaged or malformed, what type of heart infection becomes more likely? Endocarditis Where do the bacteria come from? Mouth Which of the following is not true about antigenic drift? A. It is characterized by minor mutations in HA and NA. B. It is responsible for seasonal variation in influenza. C. It makes previous year's immunity less effective.

D. It involves concurrent infection with re-assortment of viral RNA segments. E. It is responsible for seasonal influenza. D Bats are reservoirs for which virus? A. SARS B. MERS C. Ebola D. Rabies E. All of the above E Where did the first MDR TB infection begin? A. Nursing home B. Community center C. Refugee camp C BCG vaccination is discouraged in the United States because: A. It causes a positive skin test B. It is ineffective against latent TB C. It is ineffective against childhood TB D. A and B E. A, B and C D Latent TB can be spread from person to person A. True B. False B What might influence development from latent to active TB? Smoking, immunocompromised, drinking, steroid regimen (?)

What type of virus would be more likely to mutate faster? A. DNA B. RNA B What is in the flu vaccine? A. Influenza A B. Influenza B C. Influenza C D. A and B E. All strains of Influenza D How does the influenza virus bind to the host? A. Hemagglutinin (HA) B. Neuraminidase (NA) C. Nucleoprotein D. Matrix Protein A Otitis media is an infection of the: A. conjunctiva B. Outer ear C. Inner ear D. middle ear E. pinna D Conjunctivitis is always the result of infection. A. True B. False B

All of the following are protection mechanisms of the eye except: A. sclera B. eyelashes C. IgA D. Bony orbits E. tympanic membrane E Which of the following CNS diseases is not caused by a virus? A. Polio B. West Nile C. Leprosy D. Rabies E. Herpes simplex C The same bacteria are usually responsible for meningitis in adults and in newborns. A. True B. False B The infectious agent in a prion disease is: A. a virus B. a bacteria C. a misfolded protein D. a protozoa E. a yeast C Clostridium botulinum produces a neurotoxin, which can cause: A. Neurospasms B. Increased muscle tone C. Progressive flaccid paralysis

D. Death E. Both C and D E Which of the following is NOT true about polio? A. It can be spread by fecal-oral route B. It can be acquired by respiratory route C. It can cause muscle weakness D. It is caused by bacteria E. It can cause paralysis D Some people carry "normal microbiota: of the upper respiratory tract that can cause: A. Otitis media B. Pneumonia C. Strep throat D. Endocarditis E. All of the above E Yogurt strains appear purple because A. Many bacterial cells are dead B. They are gram + C. They are gram - D. Cells retain crystal violet-iodine E. B and D E Bacteria contain all of the following except: A. Ribosomal proteins B. DNA C. RNA D. Cell wall E. Nucleus

E

The entire set of microbes within a community is called A. Metagenome B. Microgenome C. Metabiome B Which of the following statements is correct? A. A strain is a group that includes many species B. A species is a group that includes many strains C. An isolate is a group that contains many strains D. Two strains can be identical B Damage to these cells during a flu infection can lead to secondary bacterial A. B cells B. T cells C. Langerhans D. Ciliated epithelium E. Phagocytes D Healthy adults who carry encapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae as part of their normal microbiota may develop pneumonia following A. Alcohol or narcotic abuse B. Heart or lung disease C. Upper respiratory viral infections D. Diabetes E. All of the above E A recent report in science describes a new antimicrobial drug active against ___ that was isolated from a human nasal microbe

A. Some fungal pathogens B. Rhinovirus C. S. aureus D. MRSA E. C and D E Virulence factors of S. pyogenes include all the following except A. Tissue degrading enzymes B. M and F proteins C. Hyaluronic acid capsule D. Mycolic acid cell wall E. C5a peptidase D Strep throat and common cold share many symptoms, but strep does not usually involve A. Fever B. Painful swallowing C. Sore throat D. Coughing E. Fatigue D M. tuberculosis evades the immune system by A. Secretion of streptolysin B. Living within macrophages C. Capsule production D. Motility E. Inactivating complement B Most people infected with TB develop active TB A. True B. False

B

BCG vaccination is discouraged in the US because A. It causes a positive skin test B. It is ineffective against latent TB C. It is ineffective against childhood TB D. All of the above E. Both A and B E This animal is an important reservoir for multiple emerging zoonotic A. Palm civets B. Dogs C. Bats D. Camels E. Turtles C Identification by both MALDI-TOF MS and 16S sequencing is based largely on small differences in A. Ribosome components B. DNA sequences C. Biochemical pathways D. Surface antigens E. RNA sequences A How do bacteria like L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus help preserve yogurt A. The pH is raised because bacterial enzymes decarboxylate AA B. The pH is lowered from fermentation pathways that produce acid C. The pH stays the same, but both strains produce antibiotics B Bacterial meningitis could develop from A. Otitis media

B. Sinusitis C. Pneumonia D. All of the above E. None of the above D Which of the following is NOT true about polio? A. It can be spread fecal-oral B. It can be acquired by respiratory route C. It can cause muscle weakness D. It is caused by bacteria E. It can cause paralysis D