VET 124 Final Study Guide Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025, Exams of Veterinary

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VET 124 Final Study Guide Questions with

Complete Verified Solutions 2024/

What do you expect to see in a dog with diabetes mellitus who has polydipsia and polyuria in regard to the sp.gr.? SG is often normal or high Explain the proper way to prepare and to examine a urine sediment (should be procedure done in your clinical tasks) Sample 5mL - 10mL, centrifuge 5 minutes, pour off the supernatant fluid, thump bottom of tube, put a drop of urine on slide and add cover slip, can also add stain, look over entire slide at 10x, count the casts and crystals found in 10 fields, move to 40x and count the cells found in 10 fields, add up and divide by 10 Allowing urine to set at room temperature for a period of time can have what effect on crystals and on casts? crystals may form casts may dissolve Excess amount of urea in the blood is known as Azotemia Specific gravity of 1.002 is an indication of ______________ ______________. Diabetes insipidus __________ is a physiologic fluid which is actively synthesized in the kidney from materials derived from the blood. urine Specific gravity and water consumption are normally _____________ related. Inversely Give one of the two hormones that are involved in the conservation of water: aldosterone, ADH The urine of most domestic animals (does, or does not) contain a high level of sediment. does not In the nephron, filtration occurs between the glomerular capillary bed and ____________ ____________.

Bowman's capsule As much as ________ percent of the nephrons in the kidneys can be damaged or non-functional before you see symptoms in the animal. 75% The functional unit of the kidney is the ___________. nephron fill in the missing blanks for tracing a drop of urine: glomerular,[1], proximal convoluted tubule, [2], distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, renal pelvis, [3], bladder, [4], Big Oak Tree 1 - Bowman's capsule, 2- loop of Henle, 3- ureter, 4- urethra Capillaria plica is the scientific name for the __________________ worm. bladder Largest cells found in the urine squamous epithelial cells epithelial cell found in the bladder transitional epithelial cells colorless casts Hyaline casts this cast may indicate inflammation in the renal tubules Leukocyte casts Struvites Triple Phosphate Crystals crystal commonly seen in horse and rabbit urine calcium carbonate crystals six sided flat plates cystine crystals resemble coffin lids Triple Phosphate Crystals casts that indicate renal bleeding erythrocyte casts Casts seen in cats with renal disease and occasionally in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Fatty casts Most common casts seen in canines. granular casts cast seen in acute nephritis granular casts

examine and record casts on this power of the microscope 10x examine and record cells in urine on this power of the microscope 40x Stain often adds ___________ to the urine sediment. artifacts casts are formed in the ______ renal tubules _____________ is the most common erythrocyte disorder. Anemia When a vessel is injured, it will contract, this is called a(n) _______________ ____________________. vascular spasm Hemobartonella felis common blood parasite in felines Hemobartonella canis rare blood parasite in canines, removed by spleen Babesia species blood parasite seen in canines, equines, and bovines Anaplasma marginale resembles Howell-Jolly bodies Cytauxzoon felis rare blood parasite in felines High MCV macrocytic Normal MCHC normochromic Low MCHC hypochromic _______ tells you the average size of RBCs. MVC Polycythemia increase in RBCs or PCV Anemia decrease in RBCs or PCV Anisocytosis variation in size of RBCs

Poikilocytosis variation in shape of RBCs Schistocytes RBC fragments Acanthocytes RBCs with spicules projecting from surface of different sizes Target Cells RBCs that resemble a bull's eye Spherocytes dark, round RBCs Small bodies seen in RBCs as a single body or a pair. Stain purple-blue color. Is a nuclear remnant. Howell Jolly Body This cell is seen in greater numbers with lead poisoning. Basophilic Stippling Polychromatophils are usually this cell reticulocytes metarubricytes nucleated erythrocytes normally have nucleated RBCs birds and reptiles Heinz Bodies may be caused by ingestion of Tylenol or onions PCV reading is affected by animal's hydration status Another term for wool fleece type of roughage feed produced by fermenting chopped plant parts silage term for removing a retained placenta in a cow cleaning a cow mechanical device used to restrain cattle chute tool used to administer pills, boluses, or magnets to livestock balling gun Not lactating dry

type of feed high in fiber and low in total digestible nutrients roughage appendage suspended from the head in goats, chickens, and turkeys wattle fine undercoat of goats cashmere call of a male llama or alpaca orgle fistula on the poll that does not heal easily poll evil restraint method using ropes to place animals in lateral recumbency casting unit used to measure height of an equine at the withers hand fast four-beat gait in which the feetstrike the ground separately gallop festering of the foot along the border of the coronet quittor distance between successive imprints of the same foot stride part of a harness that includes the bit, reins, and headstall bridle Leukemia literally means _________ _________. white blood What might you expect to see in the blood sample taken from a stressed-out cat? Neutrophilia, Monocytosis, Eosinopenia Hyposegmentation fewer than 3 lobes of nucleus Ehrlichia canis rickettsial inclusion in WBCs Ehrlichia platy rickettsial inclusion in platelets Chediak-Higashi Syndrome photophobic Persian cats Cyclic Hematopoiesis Gray Collie syndrome Reactive cells

cells with change in appearance that funtion normally Left shift increase in hyposegmented neutrophils Dohle bodies particles seen in neutrophils during inflammatory process Lymphopenia decrease in Lymphocytes Leukemia severe increase in WBCs May be seen after a vaccination Reactive Lymphocytes Hereditary condition affecting neutrophils and eosinophils to appear as band cells Pelger-Huet Anomaly allergic reaction or altered lipid metabolism may cause this Basophilia inherited recessive trait in some felines where the neutrophils contain fine eosinophilic to magenta granules Birman Cat Neutrophil Granulation Anomaly young bird that has recently acquired its flight feathers fledging primary wing feathers remiges body or flight feathers contour feathers caudal nares choana wishbone in birds furcula The overgrown canine tooth of the boar tusk the upper lip and apex of the nose of a pig snout common term for a prolapsed rectum in swine piles pig skin is also called ________ hide eight temporary incisors and canine teeth of young swine

needle teeth identification method used for swine eat notching holding pen that limits sow movement before and during parturition farrowing crate moving piglets from one litter to another to balance litter size care-fostering natural or artificial wading area to cool swine wallow restraint method using ropes to place animal in lateral recumbency casting B Cats with this blood type are at high risk for transfusion reactions - Type ______ DEA 1.1 negative Which type of canine blood is the best choice for a blood donor - DEA 1.1 (positive) or one that is DEA 1.1 (negative) control A ___________________ should be run when doing a crossmatch for comparison. A Most cats in the US have Type ________ blood. normal saline _____________ _______________ is used to "wash" the red blood cells when performing a crossmatch. True True or False: There are documented cases of successful transfusions of canine blood to a feline patient. True True or False: In most cases, it is safe to perform a blood transfusion on a dog the first time without doing a crossmatch. Hemolysis and Agglutination What 2 results would indicate a reaction in crossmatched blood? dusting Chinchillas clean themselves by vector something that carries disease from one animal to another ecdysis medical term for shedding or molting plastron ventral region of a turtle shell

barbering biting or chewing the fur of subordinate animals List three general functions of electrolytes. Maintenance of water balance, fluid osmotic pressure, muscular and nervous functions, maintenance and activation of several enzyme systems, and acid-base regulation List 2 functions of the 1% of Ca that is not found in the bones. blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses maintenance of neuromuscular excitability and tone maintenance of activity of many enzymes facilitation of blood coagulation maintenance of inorganic ion transfer across cell membranes The pancreatic enzyme that breaks down starches: Amylase Pancreatic enzyme that is normally found in the feces. Trypsin Chemical symbol for sodium. Na Vomiting and diarrhea can cause serious loss of water and _______________ electrolytes ________________ is a deficit of both water and electrolytes in the body. Dehydration The _____________ part of the pancreas aids in digestion with enzymes. exocrine True or False: In most enzymatic reactions, the enzyme that started the reaction is usually changed to a new substance. False If a dog has diarrhea for 10 days, this is considered _____________ diarrhea. acute True or False: Hepatocytes are capable of regeneration. true Red blood in the feces Hematochezia straining to have a bowel movement tenesmus Black feces melena

difficulty having a bowel movement dyschezia fat in the feces steatorrhea starch granules in feces amylorrhea muscle fibers in feces creatorrhea fat in the blood lipemia vomiting of blood hematemesis ALT formerly SGPT AST formerly SGOT largest internal organ liver True or False: The primary source of lipase in the body is the pancreas. true Pancreatitis is more common in: middle aged, obese, female dogs True or False: Most of the Ca found in whole blood is found in the rbcs. False Best sample to measure HCO Arterial blood