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Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers A superior Position in a rank order or social hierarchy - correct answer Dominant Role Having given birth only one time or being pregnant for the first time - correct answer Primiparous Occurs when an animal is highly motivated to perform a particular behavior but is for some reason prevented from doing so - correct answer Redirected Behavior This emotional response leads to a physiologic response similar to that of fear - correct answer Anxiety Providing a puppy with pleasant experiences with people, situations, and other animals - correct answer Socialization A wolf pack will form this, but free-ranging dogs generally not so - correct answer Social Hierarchy Cheek and tail rubbing in cats are two examples of these - correct answer Affiliative behaviors Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers A dog that is acting as if it is sorry for its actions is exhibiting this - correct answer Submissive Behaviors A lower position in a rank order or social hierarchy - correct answer Subordinate Role Having given birth more than one time - correct answer Multiparous May lead to weight loss, changes in the whole blood cell counts, and decreased immunity to disease - correct answer Stress Occurs when an individual is motivated to perform two opposing behaviors - correct answer Conflict A fear of thunder is an example of this - correct answer Phobia Define Dominance aggression and describe how it differs from other types of aggression - correct answer Aggression towards people in an attempt to acquire or maintain resources. Dogs displaying this form of Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Phobia: fear of a specific stimulus that is excessive and persistent. The response usually seems disproportionate to the threat How do negative punishment and negative reinforcement differ? - correct answer Negative Punishment: involves the removal of something pleasant, such as play or social interaction. It is a doggie "time out" Negative Reinforcement: Involved the removal of something unpleasant, such as escape from a fearful stimulus. That strengthens the behavior response. A better example is when using a pinch collar, if the dog stops pulling the pinching stops. How does opperant conditions differ from classical conditioning? - correct answer Learning by operant conditioning occurs as a result of what happens after the behavior occurs. If an animal feels rewarded for a behavior, it will repeat the behavior. If the animal is punished for the behavior, it is less likely to repeat the behavior. Learning by classical conditioning is reflective, such as salivation in response to food. Initially each behavior is rewarded, then changing stimulus. Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers How do positive reinforcement and positive punishment differ? - correct answer Positive Reinforcement: the presentation of something pleasant, such as a food reward after a behavior, which increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. Positive Punishment: an averse or unpleasant stimulus such as an electric shock or verbal reprimand immediately after a behavior to discourage the animal from repeating the behavior Define Continuous and intermittent reinforcement and explain how they are used in training an animal - correct answer When using Continuous reinforcement, you reward the animal every time it performs the desired behavior. It is the best way to teach a new behavior. Intermittent reinforcement is provided periodically when the animal performs the desired behavior. It is used to maintain a learned behavior to make sure it is resistant to extinction. What are the parts of the Five Step Positive Pro-Action Plan for preventing behavior problems? - correct answer 1. Elicit and reinforce appropriate behavior 2. Prevent or minimize inappropriate behavior Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers 3. Meet your pet's behavioral and developmental needs 4. Use the take away method to discourage inappropriate behavior 5. Minimize discipline and use it correctly when necessary Why is habituation important? - correct answer Habituation is important because it will help the pet become accustomed to procedures and circumstances it will have to encounter during life. This will decrease anxiety, fear, and stress and enable the owner and healthcare team to safely provide care for the pets lifetime. How would you habituate a puppy to having its nails trimmed? - correct answer The feet s/b picked up and stroked and then released several times a day. Each time, the pet should immediately be given a small food reward. When used to having feet handled gently, pick up and extend nail. Each time a food reward is given. Eventually a nail can be cut. This may take a few weeks and pets will develop a positive association with having nails trimmed. How does age of the patient influence the success of habituation? - correct answer Most easily performed when animals are still young, but can be accomplished in Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur - correct answer Reinforcement Decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur - correct answer Punishment Something Pleasant is added after a behavior - correct answer Positive Reinforcement Something unpleasant is added following a behavior - correct answer Positive Punishment Something pleasant is taken away after a behavior - correct answer Negative Punishment Something unpleasant is taken away or avoided following a behavior - correct answer Negative reinforement Adding Something - correct answer Positive Subtracting Something - correct answer Negative Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Pleasant visits to the veterinary office promote the establishment of trust and confidence in the pet as well s the client. Learning how to read our pet patients, communicate with them better and handle them more skillfully will: - correct answer 1. Increase safety for the hospital staff 2. Increase our ability to treat patients and the willingness of owners to bring in their pets 3. Increase overall efficiency by developing patients who willingly comply with procedures 4. Build Better relationships with both our clients and our patients What's the harm in wrangling patients or using force? - correct answer By restraining pets in a forceful or unskilled manner, you could be breaking your promise to do no harm. This could also make pets behavior worse. As veterinary professionals, if we don't recognize or address fear and bad behavior, what can happen? - correct answer We are likely sending pets home with worse behavior than when they came in _______% of dog owners complain that their dogs have behavior problems - correct answer 90% Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers _____% of dogs and ______% of cats end up in shelters because of behavior issues - correct answer 28% of dogs and 19% of cats What are the developmental stages and age? - correct answer 1. Neonatal Period: 0-14 days 2. Transitional Period: 10-16 Days 3. Socialization: 4-14 weeks 4. Juvenile: up to 6 Months T/F: Practice Owners are responsible for any injuries incurred by veterinary personnel and clients during the performance of veterinary procedures - correct answer True T/F: Corrective training methods that can improve a pet with dominance aggression, can also improve a pet with fear-related aggression - correct answer False T/F: Cats should be acclimated to the carrier prior to being loaded up for a visit to the veterinary clinic - correct answer True Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers When a fearful pet displays warnings as you approach its cage, the situation can be improved by doing which A. Backing up B. Feeding it C. Putting a snare around its neck D. Grabbing it with gloves - correct answer A. Backing up What can be sprayed onto towels, muzzles, and other equipment to make a dog feel more comfortable in the veterinary clinic? A. Citronella B. Doggieway C. Beef Broth D. Dog Appeasing Pheromone - correct answer D. Dog appeasing pheromone A clear, hollow plastic ball that fits over a dog's head is known as the ________ Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers A. Air Muzzle B. Space Helmet C. Birdcage D. Fish Bowl - correct answer A. Air Muzzle When holding off a cephalic vein for venipuncture the holder must do which of the following A. press down into the jugular furrow B. Rotate the vein laterally C. Rotate the vein medially D. Hold the pet in dorsal recumbency - correct answer B. Rotate the vein laterally Define Displacement Behavior - correct answer Coping Mechanism intended to help the pet reduce its anxiety level. It includes yawning, scratching, or licking lips in dogs, and grooming in cats Define Fight or Flight Response - correct answer Occurs when an animal is in a state of alert when a threat is perceived Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Define Fear Biting - correct answer An Animal tends to bite when fearful; a behavior dogs may engage in when cornered Describe four different visual or aural indicators of an animal's state of mind - correct answer 1. Ear or Head position 2. Vocalization or Barking 3. Tail Movement 4. Sniffing/Smelling What is Feliway and how is it used to make a cat feel more comfortable in the clinic? - correct answer Feline facial pheromone spray; has a calming effect an reduces stress levels. Apply to towels, pet carrier, or plug in diffuser. What are four common behaviors that can appear hostile or threatening to an unfamiliar dog in the clinic? - correct answer 1. Staring 2. Approaching the dog from the front 3. Standing or appearing Tall 4. Putting hands on the dog's head or hips Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers The part of an animal that if you took a step in either direction, the animal would move in the opposite direction - correct answer Point of Balance When applying a cat muzzle, what principles must be followed to ensure your safety and the animal's safety? - correct answer Choose correct size, place longer size over top of cat's head covering eyes, secure back Which specific locations does a technician have their arms in during a standing restraint? What advantages do these positions afford? - correct answer The arm is in front of the chest which hinders the dog's forward movement. The other arm is under the abdomen which helps keep the dog on its feet. If the dog tries to escape, the handler can pull the body closer to obtain additional control. If a dog walking through the clinic slips out of it's collar and runs into the enclosed courtyard, describe what you should do to recapture it? - correct answer Do not chase the dog, use vocal reassurance, create small posture, use the dog's name, offer treats. If dog seems willing to be pet, do so carefully. Calmly slip leash over its Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers head and regain control. Watch dog's body language and approach cautiously. T/F: Neutering eliminates intermale aggression, separation anxiety, enlargement of the prostate, and testicular cancer. - correct answer False T/F: Serum thyroxine levels are frequently measured in senior pets to rule out hyperthyroidism in dogs and hypothyroidism in cats. - correct answer False Why is it important to know the signalment? - correct answer This information often provides important clues about the case. Certain diseases appear more commonly in animals of certain signalments T/F: Active immunity can only be stimulated by an antigen injected in the form of a vaccine - correct answer False T/F: Immune competence is when an animal is capable of mounting an active immune response in the face of declining maternal anitbody levels - correct answer True Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers T/F: Noninfectious vaccines are more likely to cause hypersensitivity reactions than infectious vaccines - correct answer True T/F: Administering an intranasal vaccine SQ or IM may cause serious side effects - correct answer True How do you establish rapport with a first-time client? - correct answer Introduce yourself to the client and explain what you are doing. Know the client's name and the pet's name and sex. Reassure the client about the pet's status if client is worried. Avoid being judgmental T/F: Minor side effects to vaccines include lethargy, soreness at injection site, and decreased appetite - correct answer True T/F: Conditions that may be adverse reactions to vaccination include immune-mediated thrombocytopenia immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and thyrioditis - correct answer True Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers D. FVR, calicivirus, panleukopenia, and rabies - correct answer D) FVR, Calicivirus, Panleukopenia, and Rabies Core vaccines in the dog protect against A. Parvovirus, adenovirus-2, leptospirosis, and rabies B. Distemper, parvovirus, bordatella, and rabies C. Distemper, parvovirus, leptospirosis and rabies D. Parvovirus, distemper, adenovirus-2, and rabies - correct answer D) Parvovirus, Distemper, Adenovirus-2, and Rabies Many of the core feline combination and canine combination vaccines are administered every A. Year B. 2 years C. 3 years D. 5 years - correct answer C) 3 years Cats should test negative before vaccination against Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers A. FIV B. Feline panleukopenia C. Chlamydophilia felis D. Calicivirus - correct answer A) FIV Which noncore feline vaccination is recommended for multicat households with a past history of bacterial upper respiratory infections? A. FeLV B. FIV C. Chlamydophilia felis D. Giardia - correct answer C) Chlamydophilia Felis Disease process in dogs that manifests as a dry, honking cough and that is transmitted dog to dog through respiratory secretions is caused by A. Canine distemper virus B. Canine coronavirus C. Bordatella bronchiseptica Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers D. Canine parvovirus - correct answer C) Bordatella Bronchiseptica Veterinary assistance should be sought if, following vaccination, the animal exhibits A. Mild fever and decreased appetite B. Soreness at the injection site C. Sneezing after an intranasal vaccine D. Facial swelling and difficulty breathing - correct answer D) Facial Swelling and Difficulty Breathing For most core vaccines, a recommended length of time between initial and booster vaccines during the initial vaccine series in dogs and cats is generally A. 2 weeks B. 4 weeks C. 6 weeks D. 8 weeks - correct answer B) 4 Weeks Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Paramyxovirus that causes fever, respiratory disease, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, dehydration, seizures, ataxia, and paresis in dogs - correct answer CDV Parvovirus in cats that causes leukopenia, fever, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting and diarrhea - correct answer FPV Why is it important to approach a physical examination systematically? - correct answer Developing a routine will prevent you from forgetting to evaluate one area What is it meant by observing a patient's mentation? - correct answer It refers to observing the mental attitude the animal is exhibiting What are the different states that represent normal and abnormal mentation and what does each state signify? - correct answer BAR: Bright Alert Responsive QAR: Quiet Alert Responsive Obtunded: not intersted in surroundings Stuporous: Responsive only to noxious stimuli Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Comatose: Unresponsive to stimuli Name Five conditions that will cause hyperthermia - correct answer 1. Infection 2. Inflammation 3. Neoplasia 4. Stress 5. Certain Drugs 6. Excessively high abmient temperature What is the normal TRP for a dog? - correct answer T: 99.5-102.5 F P: 60-180 BPM R: 10-30 BRPM What is the normal TRP for a cat? - correct answer T: 100-102.5 F P: 120-240 BPM R: 24-42 BRPM Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Name some common clinical signs seen in animals with diseases of the oral cavity - correct answer Loss of Appetite, Difficulty chewing, Halitosis How is a Grade IV Murmur related to an examination of the cardiovascular system? - correct answer A relatively loud abnormal heart sound When alopecia is noted on a dog or cat, how should it be more completely described? - correct answer Terms of location and degree. Coat should be inspected for broken hairs, flears, ectoparasites, or underlying disease Describe the location of the anal sacs in the dog - correct answer They lie just behind the anal mucous on either side. 5&7 o'clock or 4&8 o'clock Describe the location and characteristics of a normal prostate gland on a rectal exam? - correct answer Location: may be palpated ventral to the rectum and cranial to the pelvic brim Characteristics: bilobed with a median raphe, should be smooth, symmetrical, and nonpainful Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers tested in the standing patient by picking up one paw and placing its dorsal surface onto the floor. A normal patient will quickly lift and turn the foot so the palmar/plantar surface is touching the floor Describe common abnormalities that should be noted when looking at an eardrum through an otoscope - correct answer Tears or perforation, increased thickness or decreased transparency, evidence of discharge behind the eardrum Describe the appearance of a normal eardrum as seen through an otoscope - correct answer Appears gray to white and slightly transparent Increased lens opacity in dogs may be caused by one of two things. Name these causes and indicate the significance of each? - correct answer 1. Cataracts: this is a disease condition 2. Nuclear Sclerosis: this is a normal aging change seen commonly in dogs How do you determine which limb is affected when watching a lame animal move? - correct answer Animal will put less weight on painful limb. Patient will put their Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers head down when stepping on the good limb and pull head up when stepping on painful limb Name three lesions that may be observed under an animal's tongue and give one example of each - correct answer 1. Masses (sublingual squamous cell carcinoma) 2. Swelling (a ranula or salivary muocele) 3. Foreign Material (string around the base of a cat's tongue) What are four clinical signs seen in animals with musculoskeletal system problems? - correct answer 1. Lameness 2. Swelling 3. Difficulty Rising 4. Pain How do abnormal lymph nodes feel as opposed to normal ones? - correct answer Normal: round to oval in shape, slightly movable and firm, slightly compressible Abnormal: may be enlarged, firm, warm, or painful Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Which type of question do we prefer when obtaining a history from the client and why? - correct answer Open-Ended questions are preferred when obtaining history. Leading questions can generate inaccurate historical information How does an open-ended question differ from a leading question? - correct answer An open-ended question is one that requires the client to fill the information himself. Leading questions is one that potentially guides the client to an answer. How does the feel of the mandibular lymph nodes on palpation differ from the feel of the nearby salivary glands? - correct answer The lymph nodes can be differentiated from the salivary glands because they tend to be more movable, slightly firmer, and smaller than the salivary gland T/F: Cats will test positive on the antibody-based FeLV screening test after vaccination - correct answer False How do you get patient history from an owner who talks incessantly about unrelated topics? - correct answer You must constantly focus the owner on the problem Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers The presence of sugar in the urine - correct answer glucosuria Elevated body temperature - correct answer fever An adjective indicating increased water consumption - correct answer poly dipsic Referring to the ear - correct answer aural A condition that causes a lack of lung sounds in the dorsal lung fields - correct answer pneumo thorax Decreased circulating blood volume - correct answer hypovolemia Enlargement of the kidneys - correct answer renomegaly A condition that causes a lack of lung sounds in the ventral lung fields (2 words) - correct answer pleural effusion Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers A disease condition that causes an enlarged uterus because of the build up of pus. - correct answer pyometra Referring to the "arm pit" - correct answer Axillary Excessive grooming that damages hair and skin - correct answer barbering Mental activity of a patient - correct answer mentation A result of impaired thermoregulation in any sick animal, such as a cat with chronic renal failure - correct answer hypothermia A heart defect associated with narrowing of the outflow tract of the left ventricle (2 words) - correct answer aortic stenosis Incoordination - correct answer Ataxia Itchy - correct answer Pruritic Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers I don't see any change in the amount of water she is drinking or the amount of urine in the box - correct answer Systems review She is 3 years old and was spayed at 6 months of age. - correct answer Signalment I brought her in today because she started vomiting about a week ago. - correct answer Presenting complaint referring to the ear - correct answer aural She was feeling well until last Tuesday. - correct answer Last normal She has no allergies to any medications as far as I am aware. - correct answer Background information I am giving her hairball medicine twice a week. - correct answer Medications Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers T/F: The essential fatty acids, including linoleic acid, are required in the diet of dogs and cats - correct answer True T/F: Carbohydrates are broken down into glycogen and stored int he pancreas as glucouse - correct answer False T/F: Cats and guinea pigs require vitamin C in their diet - correct answer False T/F: The expression "as-fed," "dry matter," and "metabolizable energy refer to measurements of a nutrient in a diet are interchangeable with each other - correct answer False T/F: "AAFCO-Approved" pet food contain high-quality and are formulated for feeding during all life stages - correct answer False T/F: Neonatal puppies should never be tube fed as there is a great risk for aspiration - correct answer False Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers T/F: At weaning age, puppies can be offered a gruel-type diet that consists of canned food blended with water - correct answer True T/F: Spayed or Neutered animals often have higher energy needs than intact animals - correct answer False T/F: Cats, in general, have higher protein requirements than dogs - correct answer False T/F: Adult, Intact cats tend to lose their appetite inhibition and easily gain weight - correct answer False T/F: High "ash" diets have been proven to cause lower urinary tract disease in cats - correct answer False T/F: A sick, hospitalized patient should not be fed in order to allow the GI tract to "rest" - correct answer False T/F: TPN, total parenteral nutrition, is administered through a central intravenous catheter because of the high osmolality of the solution - correct answer True Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers All of the following components are legally required on a pet food label, except: A) Ingredient Statement B) Net Weight C) Freshness Date D) Feeding Directions - correct answer C) Freshness Date The nutrients that supply energy to an animal include: A) Vitamins, Carbohydrates, and Fats B) Fats, Proteins, and Minerals C) Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats D) Carbohydrates, Vitamins, and Minerals - correct answer C) Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats Each of the following is a major function of proteins except: A) Provide structure to organs and tissues Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers B) Carbohydrate C) Protein D) Calcium - correct answer C) Protein Dogs and cats have minimum dietary requirements for all of the following nutrients except A) Protein B) Fat C) Carbohydrate D) Vitamins and Minerals - correct answer C) Carbohydrate The essential nutrients required in the diet of cats include all of the following except: A) Taurine B) Arachidonic Acid C) Vitamin C D) Calcium - correct answer C) Vitamin C Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers An outbreak of Salmonella has been traced to a facility that manufactures several brands of dog food. These contaminated products will be recalled through a mandate by the A) AAFCO B) USDA C) FDA-CVM D) FTC - correct answer C) FDA-CVM AAFCO, an important organization in the food industry: A) is a government agency that ensures the safety of all pet food ingredients and products B) publishes the nutrient requirements of dogs and cats with guidelines for formulating dog and cat foods C) establishes protocols for animal feeding tests with various pet food products D) performs feeding tests on dogs and cats using a variety of products in a laboratory setting - correct answer C) establishes protocols for animal feeding tests with various pet food products Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Poor-Quality pet foods, if fed, will result in A) Dull, Dry Hair Coat B) Reduced Fecal Production C) Weight Gain D) Increased Activity Level - correct answer A) Dull, Dry Hair Coat When caring for a neonatal puppy or kitten, one should A) Measure the body weight weekly to assess adequate nutritional intake B) Microwave milk replacer to 120F before feeding C) Use a commercial milk replacer instead of cow's milk when needed D) Watch for voluntary urination and defecation following feeding - correct answer C) Use a commercial milk replacer instead of cow's milk when needed Puppies during the growth phase will require: Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers D) reduces fecal quantity - correct answer C) can improve GI function and Prevent Hairballs Adult Cats: A) require taurine as an essential amino acid B) should be fed free choice C) are often sedentary and do not need more than RER D) A and C, require taurine as an essential amino acid and are often sedentary and do not need more than RER - correct answer D) A and C, require taurine as an essential amino acid and are often sedentary and do not need more than RER Short-Term enteral nutritional (for 3 weeks or less) can best be provided by placing a: A) central IV catheter into the jugular vein B) G-tube percutaneously into the stomach C) N-E tube through the nasal passage into the distal esophagus Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers D) J-tube surgically into the intestine - correct answer C) N-E tube through the nasal passage into the distal esophagus Parenteral Nutrition is administered A) in a peripheral vein because the osmolality of these formulations is high B) to patients that may be vomiting and at risk for aspiration C) to provide nutritional support for any hospitalized patient D) Via a nasoesophageal or esophagostomy tube - correct answer B) to patients that may be vomiting and at risk for aspiration When administering TPN, the patient requires 24-hour monitoring by all members of the veterinary team. Complications that need immediate attention include all of the following except: A) Alterations in laboratory values such as glucose or potassium B) Redness, at the IV catheter Site Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers C) Serum or plasma that is a clear, straw color D) A blockage in the TPN administration line - correct answer C) Serum or plasma that is a clear, straw color To Measure the BCS of an animal, you will A) put the animal on a scale and record its weight in kg B) measure the circumference of the animal's chest just behind the elbow C) use calipers to measure the thickness of a skin fold D) feel along the rib cage and check for a waist and abdominal tuck - correct answer D) feel along the rib cage and check for a waist and abdominal tuck An ideal BCS is 5/9. If an animal has a BCS of 7/9, approximately what percentage of body weight should this animal lose to reach ideal condition? A) 10-15% B) 20-30% C) 30-45% D) Greater than 45% - correct answer B) 20-30% Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Soluble fiber is an example of a complex carbohydrate that may be present in an animal diet. The term soluble means that the carbohydrate can be ________ by bacteria in the _______ intestine. - correct answer Fermented, Large ________ are a category of dietary supplements that may delay or prevent oxidative processes in the body and have potential health benefits. - correct answer Antioxidants Feline diets have a higher ______ density than canine diets. - correct answer Energy A home-cooked diet may be beneficial to an animal with a food _________ or _________ as the ingredients can be limited. - correct answer Allergy, Intolerance Improperly formulated raw meat diets predisposed growing animals to _________ disorders. - correct answer Musculoskeletal A nutrient that has a lower digestibility will need to be fed in ________ amounts. - correct answer Higher Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers The nutrient requirements of dogs and cats are based on ________ and _______ publications. - correct answer AAFCO; NRC The remaining parts of an animal carcass after processing that may be an ingredient in a pet food. - correct answer By-Products Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, and Minerals are examples of these - correct answer Nutrients Evaluated Periodically to assess weight gain or loss - correct answer Body Condition Score The building blocks of proteins - correct answer Amino Acids This nutrient regulates absorption and mobilization of calcium in the body - correct answer Vitamin D Method of feeding in which the animal's bowl is kept full of food - correct answer Free Choice Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Not through the intestine. For example, nutrition provided via the intravenous route. - correct answer Parenteral A macromineral that is required in higher amounts during the growth stage - correct answer Calcium Loss of lean body mass that may occur in a severely ill animal - correct answer Cachexia Poor or Absent Appetite - correct answer Anorexia Referring to the intestine, providing nutrition directly to the GI tract - correct answer Enteral These nutrients may be water-soluble or fat-soluble - correct answer Vitamins The most important Nutrient. Supports nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and organ structure - correct answer Water Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers A widely used estimate of energy expenditure by a normal animal at rest - correct answer Resting Energy Requirement Result of subtracting the energy lost in urine and gases produced by the body from the digestible energy (DE) of a food or diet - correct answer Metabolizable Energy The estimated energy (calorie) content assigned to the three macronutrients - correct answer Atwater Factors Molecules that provide and store energy, make up cell membrane structure, and act as signaling agents and hormones - correct answer Lipid A Measure of energy defined as the energy needed to move a 1 kilogram weight 1 meter by 1 newton - correct answer Kiojoule The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 Gram (g) of water from 14.5 C to 15.5 C - correct answer Energy Density Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Purina Dog Chow - correct answer Principal Display Panel Crude Protein 42% (minimum) - correct answer Guaranteed Analysis Chicken, Brewers Rice, Corn Gluten Meal - correct answer Ingredient Statement Adult Maintenance - correct answer Statement of Nutritional Adequacy Feed 1-1 1/2 cups per 5-10 lb dog - correct answer Feeding Directions 3 lbs (1.36kg) - correct answer Net Weight Best Before June 30, 2013 - correct answer Information panel and freshness date Used to estimate how much to feed an overweight dog or cat or a hospitalized patient - correct answer RER Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Used to estimate how much to feed a healthy, active dog or cat. This measure may be altered by level of activity or reproductive status of the animal - correct answer MER Energy burned for normal body functions and increased energy demands, such as exercise - correct answer EE The energy from a diet available in a food or diet provided to an animal - correct answer NE Equal to kcal/0.239 - correct answer kJ The total potential energy available in a food or diet provided to an animal - correct answer GE The standard measurement of energy that is also referred to as "calories" to an animal owner - correct answer kcal The energy available to an animal after some energy from the diet is lost in the feces - correct answer DE Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers What are five benefits of massage? - correct answer Increased circulation of blood and lymph Pain Reduction/Endorphin Release Increased Flexibility and muscle efficiency Stress Reduction/Relaxation Improved Body Awareness Name four actions/reactions you may see the dog exhibit during a massage - correct answer Changes in Breathing Pattern Changes in body posture Sneezing, Nose Running, Coughing Abdominal Rumbling What is the average length of a massage and how much time should be spent on each body section? - correct answer 30 minutes total 5 minutes on each section What is passive touch? - correct answer No Pressure or motion, hand rests on animal Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers What is Effleurage? - correct answer Gliding stroke with one or two hands following haircoat What is compression? - correct answer Press Tissue between fingers What is Petrissage? - correct answer Stokes where skin and muscle are raised, squeezed, or rolled Name two petrissage strokes - correct answer Digital Circles Thumb Gliding What is the difference between active range of motion and passive range of motion? - correct answer AROM: Stretches, limber up and warm muscles PROM: One joint at a time What are some ethical considerations with massage? - correct answer Massage for General health and wellness is allowed everywhere Massage as a treatment for a specific issue requires veterinary approval Vet135 Medical Nursing Midterm and Final Exam Questions And Answers Stretching and massage can help ROM, reduce disconfort from arthritis - correct answer Skeletal Increase Circulation of blood and other body fluids, excretes toxins - correct answer Circulatory Circulation can be increased to the skin - correct answer Integumentary Helps promote drainage and decrease swelling - correct answer Lymph Beneficial for helping with colic to constipation - correct answer Digestive Increase of blood flow in the kidneys will help the body get rid of toxins - correct answer Urinary Relax muscle spasms & tension, enhance muscle tone, increase nutrient flow to muscles - correct answer Muscular