Roots of Violence and Marital Rape: Causes, History, and Consequences, Slides of Criminal Justice

Download Roots of Violence and Marital Rape: Causes, History, and Consequences and more Slides Criminal Justice in PDF only on Docsity! Violent Crimes 1. Violence 2. Quiz # 6 3. Course Evaluation Docsity.com Roots of violence • What causes people to behave violently? • Several competing explanations • Physical/psychological abnormalities • Many murderers kill themselves shortly after committing their crime Docsity.com Exposure to violence • At home, school, neighborhood • Mental health • Deviant behavior • Victimization • Vulnerable to the lure of gangs and other deviant groups Docsity.com Roots of violence • Evolutionary Factors • Human instincts (animal instincts) • Violent behavior is committed predominantly by males • Sexually aggressive males have been the ones most likely to produce children Docsity.com Roots of violence • Firearm availability • Greater social acceptance of violence as method of conflict resolution • Violence is deeply woven into the fabric of American culture (street talk, prime-time television programming, “gangsta rap” music lyrics) Docsity.com A Brief Legal History of Marital Rape • On July 5, 1993, marital rape became a crime in all 50 states • In 17 states and the District of Columbia, there are no exemptions from rape prosecution granted to husbands • in 33 states, there are still some exemptions given to husbands from rape prosecution (When his wife is most vulnerable (e.g., she is mentally or physically impaired, unconscious, asleep, etc.) and is legally unable to consent Docsity.com A Brief Legal History of Marital Rape • The existence of some spousal exemptions indicates that rape in marriage is still treated as a lesser crime than other forms of rape Docsity.com Social Characteristics of Marital Rape Survivors • The best research on marital rape has come from interviews with women about their experiences of sexual violence • Marital rape occurs in all types of marriages regardless of age, social class, race or ethnicity • Russell (1990) found that two-thirds of the wives were first raped by their husbands when they were under the age of 25 Docsity.com Types of Marital Rape • Marital rape is most likely to occur in relationships characterized by other forms of violence • The majority of women who are raped by their partners are also battered • Women who are raped by their husbands are likely to be raped many times-often 20 times or more before they are able to end the violence Docsity.com Types of Marital Rape • Marital rape survivors are more likely than women raped by acquaintances to experience unwanted oral and anal intercourse (Peacock, 1995) • Husbands often rape their wives when they are asleep, or use coercion, verbal threats, physical violence, or weapons to force their wives to have sex • Some researchers have found that compared to batterers, men who batter and rape are more likely to severely injure their wives and potentially escalate the violence to murder Docsity.com Risk Factors • Men- rapists are often portrayed as jealous, domineering individuals who feel a sense of entitlement to have sex with their "property" • Women who are battered are at greater likelihood of being raped by their partners (Frieze, 1983) • Pregnancy appears to be a factor that places women at higher risk for both physical and sexual abuse Docsity.com USING COERCION AND THREATS USING USING ECONOMIC EMOTIONAL ABUSE ABUSE USING MALE PRIVILEGE USING ISOLATION MINIMIZING, DENYING AND BLAMING Docsity.com The Effects of Marital Rape • Research indicates that marital rape often has severe and long-lasting consequences for women • Injuries to the vaginal and anal areas, lacerations, soreness, bruising, torn muscles, fatigue and vomiting, broken bones, black eyes, bloody noses, and knife wounds that occur during the sexual violence Docsity.com The Effects of Marital Rape • Campbell and Alford (1989) report that one half of the marital rape survivors in their sample were kicked, hit or burned during sex • Specific gynecological consequences of marital rape include vaginal stretching, miscarriages, stillbirths, bladder infections, and infertility Docsity.com